List of countries by research and development spending

Last updated

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available. Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy. [1]

Contents

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010. [2]

Country/RegionExpenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP)		 % of GDP PPPExpenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ PPP)		YearSource
1Flag of the United States.svg  United States 612.7143.11,8662019 [3]
2Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 514.7982.23682019 [3]
3Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 172.6143.21,3752019 [3]
4Flag of India.svg  India 158.6911.31202022 [4]
5Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 131.9323.21,5862019 [3]
6Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 100.0554.61,9352019 [3]
7Flag of France.svg  France 63.6582.29442019 [3]
8Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 51.7021.87622019 [3]
9Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 42.9453.51,8222019 [3]
10Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 38.5491.02632019 [3]
11Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 38.01.31812017 [5]
12Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 33.8401.45612019 [3]
13Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 26.6361.57002019 [3]
14Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 25.581.81,0082019 [6]
15Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 24.8271.12972019 [3]
16Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 22.4681.34732019 [3]
17Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 20.1672.211542019 [3]
18Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 17.7223.41,7072019 [3]
19Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 16.8884.91,8102019 [3]
20Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 16.0861.34202019 [3]
21Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 16.0432.91,3952019 [3]
22Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 14.9453.21,6722019 [3]
23Flag of Switzerland.svg   Switzerland 13.13.01,6482012 [7]
24Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 12.41.01802017 [8]
25Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 10.7580.3402021 [9]
26Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 10.61.33442015 [10]
27Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 10.02.21,8322014 [5]
28Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 9.00.92382014 [7]
29Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 8.23.11,4502014 [5]
30Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 7.22.81,3182018 [5]
31Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 6.32.06002014 [7]
32Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 6.20.7732013 [10]
33Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 6.10.81082016 [8]
34Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 5.81.71,1242014 [5]
35Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 5.00.51122018 [7] [8] [11] [12]
36Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 4.30.74712014 [5]
37Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 3.61.57792014 [5]
38Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 3.61.33482014 [7]
39Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 3.41.43432014 [7]
40Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 3.00.8742013 [10]
41Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 2.70.73732012 [10]
42Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 2.41.02172014 [7] [13] [11]
43Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 2.40.3132013 [10]
44Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 2.30.51142016 [8]
45Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 1.81.24012013 [7]
46Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 1.80.3602012 [14] [15]
47Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 1.60.2312014 [10] [8] [11]
48Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 1.50.4872014 [7] [8] [11]
49Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1.52.47132014 [7]
50Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 1.50.7482010 [10]
51Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1.40.92512014 [7]
52Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 1.30.56992012 [10]
53Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 1.10.71182013 [10]
54Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 0.90.2102011 [16]
55Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 0.80.32142013 [10]
56Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 0.80.71122013 [17]
57Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 0.80.4502016 [8] [11]
58Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 0.80.692013 [10]
59Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 0.80.7732012 [10]
60Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 0.80.92452017 [17]
61Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 0.71.31,2532014 [5]
62Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 0.70.81672013 [17]
63Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 0.70.7982013 [17]
64Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 0.70.192014 [18]
65Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 0.70.2392013 [10]
66Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 0.50.152007 [10]
67Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 0.40.1132015 [13] [8] [11]
68Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 0.31.64532019 [19]
69Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 0.30.2362013 [10]
70Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 0.30.51372017 [17]
71Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 0.30.582010 [10]
72Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 0.30.5622011 [10]
73Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 0.31.98312014 [5]
74Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 0.30.2742013 [10]
75Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 0.20.3702015 [10] [8] [11]
76Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 0.20.252007 [13]
77Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 0.20.142007 [13]
78Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 0.10.51512013 [17]
79Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 0.10.4562013 [10]
80Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.10.3322013 [10]
81Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 0.10.92712013 [17]
82Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia 0.10.272012 [8] [11]
83Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 0.10.3372012 [10]
84Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 0.10.2252013 [10]
85Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 0.10.11222014 [5]
86Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 0.10.4162013 [10]
87Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 0.10.1452014 [5]
88Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 0.10.192015 [8] [11]
89Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 0.10.2152014 [10]
90Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 0.00.4562013 [17]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". theOECD. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  2. ↑ "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "OECD data: Gross domestic spending on R&D".
  4. ↑ "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - India". worldbank.org.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  6. ↑ "Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2019-20 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Research and development (R&D) – Gross domestic spending on R&D – OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO.
  9. ↑ "Terbongkar! Ini Alasan Anggaran R&D RI Hanya 0,28% Dari PDB". CNBC Indonesia.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
  12. ↑ "Inversión en I+D". Argentina.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  14. ↑ "2012 Global R&D Funding Forecast: R&D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
  15. ↑ "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
  16. ↑ vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? – News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png – Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
  18. ↑ "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائم‌مقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا می‌زند". Farsnews.ir. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  19. ↑ "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
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