List of mayors of Toronto

Last updated

Below is a list of mayors of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Contents

Toronto's first mayor, William Lyon Mackenzie, was appointed in 1834 after his Reform coalition won the new City of Toronto's first election and he was chosen by the Reformers. The most recent election to the office of mayor was a by-election on June 26, 2023 in which Olivia Chow was elected. Chow formally took office on July 12, 2023.

If a vacancy occurs, the City of Toronto Act explicitly states that the deputy mayor of Toronto assumes certain limited mayoral powers, but remains deputy mayor during a vacancy. They do not become an acting or interim mayor.

History

From 1834 to 1857, and again from 1867 to 1873, Toronto mayors were not elected directly by the public. Instead, after each annual election of aldermen and councilmen, the assembled council would elect one of their members as mayor. For all other years, mayors were directly elected by popular vote, except in rare cases where a mayor was appointed by council to fill an unexpired term of office. Prior to 1834, Toronto municipal leadership was governed by the Chairman of the General Quarter Session of Peace of the Home District Council.

Through 1955 the term of office for the mayor and council was one year; it then varied between two and three years until a four-year term was adopted starting in 2006. (See List of Toronto municipal elections.)

John Tory, who served from 2014 to 2023, resigned as mayor in February 2023; Deputy Mayor Jennifer McKelvie had assumed some mayoral responsibilities as a result until a successor was chosen.

The "City of Toronto" has changed substantially over the years: the city annexed or amalgamated with neighbouring communities or areas 49 times from in 1883 to 1967. [1] The most sweeping change was in 1998, when the six municipalities comprising Metropolitan Toronto—East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough, York, and the former city of Toronto–and its regional government were amalgamated into a single City of Toronto (colloquially dubbed the "megacity") by an act of the provincial government. The newly created position of mayor for the resulting single-tier mega-city replaced all of the mayors of the former Metro municipalities. It also abolished the office of the Metro Chairman, which had formerly been the most senior political figure in the Metro government before amalgamation.

According to Victor Loring Russell, author of Mayors of Toronto Volume I, 14 out of the first 29 mayors were lawyers. According to Mark Maloney who is writing The History of the Mayors of Toronto, 58 of Toronto's 64 mayors (up to Ford) have been Protestant, white, English-speaking, Anglo-Saxon, property-owning males. [2] There have been three women (Hall, Rowlands, and Chow) and three Jewish mayors (Phillips, Givens [3] and Lastman).

Art Eggleton is the longest-serving mayor of Toronto, serving from 1980 until 1991. Eggleton later served in federal politics from 1993 until 2004, and was appointed to the Senate of Canada in 2005. David Breakenridge Read held the post of mayor of Toronto for the shortest period; Read was mayor for only fifty days in 1858.

No Toronto mayor has been removed from office. Toronto's 64th mayor, Rob Ford, lost a conflict of interest trial in 2012, and was ordered to vacate his position; but the ruling was stayed pending an appeal, which Ford won to remain in office. [4] [5] Due to his substance abuse admission and controversy in 2013, Council stripped him of many powers on November 15, transferring them to the deputy mayor. [6] From May until July, 2014, Ford took a leave of absence from the mayoralty to enter drug rehabilitation.

Original City of Toronto era

Appointed by City Council
No.MayorTook officeLeft officePrior political experience
1 WilliamLyonMackenzie.jpeg William Lyon Mackenzie 1834 (March 27)1835Member of the Upper Canada Legislative Assembly for York
(1829–1834, expelled several times)
Alderman for St. David's Ward (1834)
2 Robert Baldwin Sullivan.png Robert Baldwin Sullivan 1835 (January 15)1836Alderman for St. David's Ward (1835)
3 Thomas David Morrison.png Thomas David Morrison 18361837Member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for 3rd York (1835–1840)
Alderman for St Andrew's Ward (1834–1836)
4 Kane George Gurnett.jpg George Gurnett 18371838Alderman for St. George's Ward (1834–1850)
5 John Powell.png John Powell 18381841Alderman for St. Andrew's Ward (1837–1841)
6 George Monro.png George Monro 18411842Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward (1834–1835, 1837–1845)
7 Henry Sherwood.png Henry Sherwood 18421845Member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Brockville (1836–1840)
Alderman for St. David's Ward (1842–1849)
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Toronto (1843–1851)
8 William Henry Boulton.png William H. Boulton 18451848Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1838–1843, 1844–1852)
Mayor (1845–1847)
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Toronto (1844–1853)
– Kane George Gurnett.jpg George Gurnett
(2nd incumbency)		18481851Alderman for St. George's Ward (1834–1850)
9 John George Bowes.png John George Bowes 18511854Alderman for St. James's Ward (1850–1853)
10 Joshua George Beard.png Joshua George Beard 18541855Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward (1834–1854)
Toronto School Board of Trustees (1850–1864)
11 George William Allan.jpg George William Allan 18551856Alderman for St. David Ward (1849–1855)
12 John Beverley Robinson.png John Beverley Robinson 18561857Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1851, 1853–54, 1856–57)
13 John Hutchison.png John Hutchison 18571858 (resigned)Alderman for St. James Ward (1852–1853, 1856–1857)
– William Henry Boulton.png William H. Boulton
(2nd incumbency)		18581858 (resigned November 8)Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1838–1843, 1844–1852)
Mayor (1845–1847)
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Toronto (1844–1853)
Alderman for St. Andrew's Ward (1858)
14 David Breakenridge Read.png David Breakenridge Read 1858 (November 11)1858 (December 31)Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1858)
Elected directly by the public
No.MayorTook officeLeft officePrior political experience
15 Adam Wilson.png (Sir) Adam Wilson 18591861Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1855)
– John George Bowes.png John George Bowes
(2nd incumbency)		18611864Alderman for St. James's Ward (1850)

Alderman for St. James's Ward and Mayor (1851–1853)
Alderman for St. David's Ward (1856)

16 Francis H. Medcalf, Mayor of Toronto, 1864-1866 and 1874-1875.jpg Francis Henry Medcalf 18641867Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward (1860)
Alderman for St. David's Ward (1863)
Appointed by City Council
No.MayorTook officeLeft officePrior political experience
17 James Edward Smith.png James Edward Smith 18671869Alderman for St. John's Ward (1857–1867)
18 Samuel Bickerton Harman.png Samuel Bickerton Harman 18691871Alderman for St Andrew's Ward (1866–1868, 1871–1872)
19 Joseph Sheard.png Joseph Sheard 18711873Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1851–1871)
20 Alexander Manning.jpg Alexander Manning 18731874Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward (1856–1858, 1867–1873)
Elected directly by the public
No.MayorTook officeLeft officePrior political experience
– Francis H. Medcalf, Mayor of Toronto, 1864-1866 and 1874-1875.jpg Francis Henry Medcalf
(2nd incumbency)		18741875Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward (1860)
Alderman for St. David's Ward (1863, 1867–1868)
Mayor (1864–1867)
21 AngusMorrison23.jpg Angus Morrison 18761878Alderman for St. James (1853–1854)
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for North Simcoe (1854–1863) and Niagara (1864–1867)
Member of Parliament (1867–1874)
22 James Beaty.jpg James Beaty 18791880Alderman for St. James's Ward (1877)
23 William Barclay McMurrich.png William Barclay McMurrich 18811882Alderman for St. Patrick's Ward (1879–1880)
24 Arthur Radcliffe Boswell.png Arthur Radcliffe Boswell 18831884Alderman for St. George's Ward (1877–1879, 1882)
– Alexander Manning.jpg Alexander Manning
(2nd incumbency)		18851885Alderman for St. Lawrence Ward (1856–1858, 1867–1873)
Mayor (1873)
25 William Holmes Howland.png William Holmes Howland 18861887President of the Toronto Board of Trade (1874–75)
President of the Dominion Board of Trade (1874)
President of the Manufacturers’ Association of Ontario (1877–78)
26 Edward Frederick Clarke.png Edward Frederick Clarke 18881891Member of the Legislative Assembly for Toronto (1886–1894)
27 R. J. Fleming 1906.jpg Robert John Fleming 18921893Alderman for St. David's Ward (1886–1890)
28 Warring Kennedy.png Warring Kennedy 18941895Alderman for St. John's Ward (1871)
– R. J. Fleming 1906.jpg Robert John Fleming
(2nd incumbency)		18961897 (resigned August 5)Alderman for St. David's Ward (1886–1890)
Mayor (1892)
29 John Shaw.png John Shaw 1897 (August 6)1899Alderman for St. Paul's Ward (1883–1895)
Alderman for Ward 3 (1897) [7]
30 Ernest Albert Macdonald.png Ernest A. Macdonald 19001900Alderman for St. Matthew's Ward (1886–1887, 1889–1890)
Alderman for Ward 1 (1896) [8]
31 Oliver Aiken Howland.jpg Oliver Aiken Howland 19011902Member of the Legislative Assembly for Toronto South (1894–1898)
32 Thomas Urquhart.png Thomas Urquhart 19031905Alderman for Ward 4 (1900–1902)
33 Emerson Coatsworth.png Emerson Coatsworth 19061907Member of Parliament for Toronto East (1891–1896)
Alderman for Ward 2 (1904–1905) [9]
34 Joseph Oliver.png Joseph Oliver 19081909Toronto School Board Trustee (1885)
Alderman for Ward 2 (1895, 1901–1903 (also Board of Control) and 1906) [10] [11] [12]
35 G. R. Geary, Mayor of Toronto Ontario Canada, 1910-1912.jpg George Reginald Geary 19101912 (resigned October 21)Toronto School Board Trustee (1904)
Alderman for Ward 3 (1905–1908)
Toronto Board of Control (1909)
36 Horatio Clarence Hocken.png Horatio C. Hocken 19121914Toronto Board of Control (1907–1909, 1911–1912)
37 Tommy Church 1925 (S2360 fl1106 it0001) (cropped).jpg Thomas Langton Church 19151921Toronto School Board Trustee (1899–1904)
Alderman for Ward 2 (1905–1909)
Toronto Board of Control (1910–1914)
38 C. Alfred Maguire.png Charles A. Maguire 19221923Alderman for Ward 3 (1909–1912, 1914–1917)
Toronto Board of Control (1918–1921)
39 Bill Hiltz Toronto.jpg W. W. Hiltz 19241924Toronto School Board Trustee (1911–1913)

Alderman for Ward 1 (1914–1920)
Toronto Board of Control (1921–1923)

40 Thomas Foster.PNG Thomas Foster 19251927Alderman for St. David Ward (1891–1892, 1894)
Alderman for Ward 2 (1900–1909)
Toronto Board of Control (1910, 1912–1913, 1915–1917, 1922–1924)
41 Sam McBride.jpg Sam McBride 19281929Alderman for Ward 3 (1905–1916)
Toronto Board of Control (1917–1918, 1926, 1932–1935)
Alderman for Ward 4 (1924–1925)
Toronto Board of Control (1917–1918, 1926)
42 Bert Wemp.jpg Bert Sterling Wemp 19301930Toronto School Board Trustee (1921–1922)
Alderman for Ward 2 (1924–1925)
Toronto Board of Control (1927–1929)
43 No image.svg William James Stewart 19311934Alderman for Ward 5 (1924–1930)
44 Mayor James Simpson 1935.jpg James Simpson 19351935Toronto School Board Trustee (1905–1910)
Toronto Board of Control (1914, 1930–1934)
– Sam McBride.jpg Sam McBride
(2nd incumbency)		19361936 (died November 10)Alderman for Ward 3 (1905–1916)
Toronto Board of Control (1917–1918, 1926, 1932–1935)
Alderman for Ward 4 (1924–1925)
Mayor (1928–1929)
45 William D. Robbins.jpg William D. Robbins 1936 (November 18)1937Alderman for Ward 1 (1913–1917, 1923)
Toronto Board of Control (1918–1919, 1925, 1928, 1930–1936)
46 Ralph Day.jpg Ralph C. Day 19381940Alderman for Ward 1 (1931–1934)
Toronto Board of Control (1935—1937)
47 Toronto Mayor F.J. Conboy.jpg Frederick J. Conboy 19411944Alderman for Ward 6 (1935–1936)
Toronto Board of Control (1937–1940)
48 Robert Hood Saunders.jpg Robert Hood Saunders 19451948 (resigned February 23)Alderman for Ward 4 (1935–1936, 1940)
Toronto Board of Control (1941–1944)
49 Hiram E. McCallum.jpg Hiram E. McCallum 19481951Alderman for Ward 8 (1941–1943)
Toronto Board of Control (1945–1948)

Metro Toronto era (1953–1997)

From 1953, Toronto was part of a federated municipality known as Metropolitan Toronto. This regional entity had the same boundaries as present-day Toronto, but consisted of the City of Toronto and 12 other municipalities, each with its own mayor and council. From 1953 to 1997, the most senior political figure in the Metropolitan Toronto government was the Chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (for a list of Metro Chairmen, see Chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto ). In 1967, (during the incumbency of William Dennison), an internal amalgamation eliminated the seven smallest municipalities in Metropolitan Toronto. Of these, the villages of Forest Hill and Swansea were amalgamated into the City of Toronto.

No.MayorTook officeLeft officePrior political experienceDeputy Mayor
50 Allan Austin Lamport (cropped).jpg Allan Lamport January 1, 1952June 28, 1954Alderman for Ward 2 (1937)
MPP for St. David (1937–1943)
Ward 3 (1946–1948)
Toronto Board of Control (1950–1952)		N/A
51 Leslie Saunders 1956 (cropped).jpg Leslie Howard Saunders June 28, 1954December 31, 1954Alderman in North Bay (1918–1924)
Toronto School Trustee (1936–1938)
Alderman for Ward 1 (Riverdale) (1942–1945)
Toronto Board of Control (1949–1954)		Nathan Phillips
52 Mayor Nathan Phillips wearing chain of office (cropped).jpg Nathan Phillips January 1, 1955December 31, 1962Alderman for Ward 4 (St. Andrew) (1926–1955)N/A
53 Swearing in Donald Summerville as Controller (cropped).jpg Donald Dean Summerville January 1, 1963November 19, 1963 (died in office) [13] Alderman for Ward 8 (The Beaches) (1955–1958)
Toronto Board of Control (1958–1961)		Philip Givens
54 1969 Philip Givens.jpg Philip Givens November 19, 1963 (acting mayor, appointed permanently on November 25) [3] [14] December 31, 1966Alderman for Ward 5 (Trinity–Bellwoods) (1951—1960)
Toronto Board of Control (1960—1963)
President of City Council (1963)		Allan Lamport [3]
55 William Dennison (F1257 s1057 it1276) (cropped2).jpg William Dennison January 1, 1967December 31, 1972Toronto School Trustee (1938–1941)
Alderman for Ward 2 (Rosedale and Cabbagetown) (1941–1943)
MPP for St. David (1943—1945, 1948—1951)
Toronto Board of Control (1958–1963)		N/A
56 Crombie1983 (cropped2).jpg David Crombie January 1, 1973August 31, 1978Alderman for Ward 11 (North Toronto) (1969–1972)Fred Beavis
57 Fred Beavis, 1962 (cropped).jpg Fred Beavis September 1, 1978November 30, 1978Alderman for Ward 1 (Riverdale) (1956–1978) Anne Johnston
58 John Sewell with Eaton Centre model (cropped2).jpg John Sewell December 1, 1978November 30, 1980Alderman for Ward 7 (Regent Park and Riverdale) (1969–1978)Art Eggleton
59 Arthur Eggleton Defense Minister of Canada (cropped).jpg Art Eggleton December 1, 1980November 30, 1991Alderman for Ward 4 (Trinity Bellwoods and Little Italy) (1969–1980)N/A
60 June Rowlands by Cavouk c1991 (3x4).jpg June Rowlands December 1, 1991November 30, 1994Alderman/City Councillor for Ward 10 (North Toronto and Rosedale) (1976–1988)
Chairman of the Toronto Police Commission (1988–1991)
61 Barbara Hall in television studio (cropped2).jpg Barbara Hall December 1, 1994December 31, 1997City Councillor for Ward 7 (Regent Park and Riverdale) (1985–1994)N/A

Post-amalgamation era

As of 1998, Metropolitan Toronto and all its constituent municipalities were amalgamated into a single City of Toronto. Under the City of Toronto Act, 2006, [15] the mayor is the head of council [16] and the chief executive officer [17] of the City.

The deputy mayor is appointed by the mayor from among the elected members of the City Council. [18] The deputy mayor acts in place of the mayor whenever the incumbent is unable to be present to perform his normal functions and duties, assists the mayor, and serves as vice-chair of the city council's executive committee.

On November 18, 2013, city council removed most powers from the office of mayor for the term of the current Council, including chairing the executive committee. These powers were given to the office of the deputy mayor, held by Norm Kelly at the time of the motion. [6] The action occurred after Mayor Rob Ford admitted to drug abuse. On May 1, 2014, Ford started a leave of absence for drug rehabilitation. Kelly took over the remainder of the mayoral duties and powers at that time. [19] When Rob Ford returned on July 1, he once again returned to having the duties he had immediately prior to the leave.

On February 10, 2023, Mayor John Tory announced that he would resign as the mayor, after admitting that he had had a multi-year affair with a former staffer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tory also said that the relationship had been referred to the City's integrity commissioner for review. [20] Deputy Mayor Jennifer McKelvie performed the duties of the mayor's office with limited powers, until the election of Tory's successor. [20] [21] On June 26, 2023, Chow was elected as mayor of Toronto. She took office on July 12, 2023.

No.MayorTook officeLeft officePrior political experienceDeputy Mayor
62 Mel Lastman (S2311 fl1616 it0042).jpg Mel Lastman January 1, 1998November 30, 2003North York Board of Control (1970–1973)
Mayor of North York (1973–1997)
Metro Councillor (1970–1997) [22] 		Case Ootes
63 Flickr - Tsar Kasim - Mayor David Miller - cropped.JPG David Miller December 1, 2003November 30, 2010Metro Councillor for High Park (1994–1997)
City Councillor for Ward 19 (High Park) (1997–2000)
City Councillor for Ward 13 (High Park) (2000–2003)		 Joe Pantalone
64 Rob Ford, Homes for the Aged volunteer recognition event (cropped).jpg Rob Ford December 1, 2010November 30, 2014City Councillor for Ward 2 (Etobicoke North) (2000–2010) Doug Holyday (2010–2013)
Norm Kelly (2013–2014)
65 Mayor John Tory in Toronto at the Good Friday Procession - 2018 (27264606888) (cropped).jpg John Tory December 1, 2014February 17, 2023 [23] Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (2004–2009)
MPP for Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey (2005–2007)		 Ana Bailão (2014–2022)
Denzil Minnan-Wong (2014–2022)
Jennifer McKelvie (2022–2023)
66 REUNION CON LA ALCALDESA DE TORONTO, OLIVIA CHOW, 04 DE MARZO DE 2024 (cropped).jpg Olivia Chow July 12, 2023 [24] IncumbentMP for Trinity-Spadina (2006–2014)
Toronto City Councillor for Ward 20 Trinity—Spadina (1992–2005)		 Jennifer McKelvie (2023)
Ausma Malik (2023–Present) [25]

Post-mayoral honours

A few former mayors have been honoured with places, things or buildings named in their honour. Unless otherwise stated the following are all located in Toronto:

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Derek Hayes (2008). Historical Atlas of Toronto. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 90–91. ISBN   978-1-55365-290-8.
  2. ↑ Mark Maloney (January 3, 2010). "Toronto's mayors: Scoundrels, rogues and socialist". Toronto Star.
  3. 1 2 3 Globe Staff (November 26, 1963). "Givens Mayor by Unanimous Vote". The Globe & Mail. Toronto. p. 1.
  4. ↑ "Toronto Mayor Rob Ford to appeal his ouster". CTV News. November 26, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ Magder v. Ford, 2013 ONSC 263 , 113 OR (3d) 241(25 January 2013), Superior Court of Justice (Ontario,Canada)
  6. 1 2 Mendleson, Rachel; Peter Edwards (November 18, 2013). "Rob Ford stripped of power as mayor by Toronto council". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on November 19, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Mayor Fleming's Fourth Triumph", The Globe (1844-1936); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]05 Jan 1897: 2
  8. ↑ "IT IS FLEMING: The People's "Bob" Overwhelms Ald. Shaw A DECISIVE MAJORITY The Council of 1895 Was Decidedly Popular RETIRING ALDERMEN ELECTED F. S. Spence and W. T. R. Preston Gain a Footing Mr. Spence Heads the Poll for a Start--The Aldermen and the Aqueduct Question", The Globe (1844-1936); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]07 Jan 1896: 6.
  9. ↑ "Thomas Urquhart Gets Third Term", The Globe (1844-1936); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]03 Jan 1905: 1, 8
  10. ↑ FLEMING'S JUBILATION: The Mayor Addresses a Large Gathering ENTHUSIASM ON THE STREET The Crowd Rejoices at the Election The Result Regarded as a Triumph for Honest Mothods at the City Hall AN AMAZING VICTORY HIS LAST TERM GRATEFUL TO THE WOMEN WORDS OF CONGRATULATION Full TextHistorical Newspapers, The Globe (1844-1936); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]05 Jan 1897: 3
  11. ↑ HOWLAND IS MAYOR: HisPluralityOver Spence Fully Four Thousand SHAW NOWHERE The Desertion From His Ranks Was Complete SEVEN NEW ALDERMEN Old Members Slaughtered In the Third. Fifth and Sixth WardsMunicipal Gas Plant Favored The Globe (1844-1936); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]08 Jan 1901: 1
  12. ↑ "COATSWORTH AND LIQUOR; NESBITT MACHINE WINS: Majorities Against Spence and the Reduction By-laws FIGURES THAT SIGNIFY MUCH Coatsworth's Majorities Greatest in Strongholds of Liquor Men Controller Spence the Only Member of a Civic Board to Fail of Re-election Two Ex-Members and One New Aspirant Elected to the Council Aid. Jones Becomes a Member of the Board of Control No Change in the Board of Education-- Majorities Against the Reduction By-laws Large Controller Spence Attributes His Defeat to Effective Organization Formed For Defeat of Liquor License By-laws-- Coatsworth Calls it Victory of People", The Globe (1844-1936); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]02 Jan 1906: 1
  13. ↑ Globe Staff (November 20, 1963). "Heart Attack at 48: Stricken Playing Hockey, Mayor Summerville Dead". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. p. 1.
  14. ↑ Star staff (November 20, 1963). "Givens becomes Toronto's acting mayor". The Toronto Daily Star. p. 1.
  15. ↑ as enacted by the Stronger City of Toronto for a Stronger Ontario Act, 2006 , S.O. 2006, c. 11, Sch. A
  16. ↑ City of Toronto Act, 2006, s. 133
  17. ↑ City of Toronto Act, 2006, s. 134
  18. ↑ CP24 News Staff (August 19, 2013). "Coun. Norm Kelly appointed as Toronto's new deputy mayor". CTV News. Toronto. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ "Ford scandal: Mayor takes leave after lewd audio, alleged drug video emerge". 680 News. Toronto, Ontario. May 1, 2014.
  20. 1 2 "Toronto Mayor John Tory steps down after admitting relationship with staffer". CBC News . February 10, 2023.
  21. ↑ Cristina Tenaglia [@cristina_CP24] (February 10, 2023). "NEW: We have been advised…Mayor is resigning in the coming days-not effective tonight. #topoli #onpoli" (Tweet). Retrieved February 10, 2023– via Twitter.
  22. ↑ Star Staff (December 5, 1972). "Mel Lastman sweeps North York". The Toronto Star. pp. 1, 11. All municipal elected officials that won in the 4 DEC 1972 election took office on 1 JAN 1973.
  23. ↑ "Toronto City Clerk receives mayoral resignation". February 15, 2023.
  24. ↑ Elvidge, John (June 27, 2023). "Statement from Toronto City Clerk". City of Toronto. Retrieved June 27, 2023. …the Mayor-elect will take office on Wednesday, July 12…
  25. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/olivia-chow-committee-appointments-1.6932465 [ bare URL ]
  26. ↑ "Leslieville and Riverside Real Estate : How did Boulton Avenue, De Grassi Street and Morse Street get their names?". Leslieville.com. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  27. ↑ "Parks, Forestry and Recreation : Art Eggleton Park". Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.

Bibliography

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