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The Ontario Peninsula is the southernmost part of the province of Ontario and of Canada as a whole. It is bounded by Lake Huron to the west, Lake Ontario to the east, and Lake Erie to the south. At its tip, the peninsula is separated from Michigan by the Detroit River, the St. Clair River, and Lake St. Clair. A secondary peninsula projects toward New York on its eastern side and ends at the Niagara River.
The corner of the peninsula that lies on Lake Ontario is known as the Golden Horseshoe and forms Canada's largest population centre. Other large cities include London and Windsor.
Like other parts of southern Canada, the Ontario Peninsula enjoys warm or hot summers with normal thunderstorm activity, including severe thunderstorms that can have hail, damaging winds, and even tornadoes during peak season. It has cold winters, and snowfall can be abundant, particularly in the affected snowbelt locations. However, there are many winter thaw periods that break the entrenched cold. The Ontario Peninsula has a humid continental climate; specifically, most of it falls into the Köppen climate classification Dfb except for Essex County, Chatham-Kent, and parts of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and the Niagara Peninsula, which are within the Dfa zone. However, the entire peninsula is near the Dfa/Dfb borderline.
Anishinaabe tribes, particularly the Mississaugas, are indigenous to the Ontario Peninsula. [1] [2] Southern Ontario was colonized by France in the 1600s, but the British gained control of Ontario after the Seven Years' War.
The Ontario Peninsula experienced much of the fighting during the War of 1812, [3] including the Americans invading it and burning York (now called Toronto). After the war, population and trade boomed, and the Welland Canal was built.
When the British divided Canada into separate provinces, Toronto became the capital of Ontario and eventually became the main economic centre of Canada.
By each definition, Toronto or its corresponding entity is the most populous not only in the Ontario Peninsula but also in Canada as a whole.
Rank (2016) | Rank (2011) | Geographic name | Type | Population (2016) | Population (2011) | Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Toronto (Mississauga, Brampton, Markham, Vaughan) | CMA | 5,928,040 | 5,583,064 | +6.18% |
2 | 2 | Hamilton (Burlington) | CMA | 747,545 | 721,053 | +3.67% |
3 | 3 | Kitchener–Waterloo–Cambridge | CMA | 523,894 | 496,383 | +5.54% |
4 | 4 | London | CMA | 494,069 | 474,786 | +4.06% |
5 | 5 | St. Catharines–Niagara (Niagara Falls, Welland) | CMA | 406,074 | 392,184 | +3.54% |
6 | 6 | Oshawa (Whitby, Clarington) | CMA | 379,848 | 356,177 | +6.65% |
7 | 7 | Windsor (Lakeshore) | CMA | 329,144 | 319,246 | +3.10% |
8 | 8 | Barrie (Innisfil) | CMA | 197,059 | 187,013 | +5.37% |
9 | 9 | Brantford (Brant) | CMA | 134,203 | 135,501 | −0.96% |
10 | 10 | Chatham-Kent | CA | 102,042 | 104,075 | −1.95% |
11 | 11 | Sarnia (St. Clair) | CA | 96,151 | 97,131 | −1.01% |
12 | 12 | Norfolk | CA | 64,044 | 63,175 | +1.38% |
13 | 13 | Leamington (Kingsville) | CA | 49,147 | 49,765 | −1.24% |
14 | 14 | Woodstock | CA | 40,902 | 37,754 | +8.34% |
15 | 15 | Midland (Tay, Penetanguishene) | CA | 35,859 | 35,419 | +1.24% |
16 | 16 | Owen Sound (Georgian Bluffs) | CA | 31,820 | 32,092 | −0.85% |
17 | 17 | Stratford | CA | 31,465 | 30,903 | +1.82% |
18 | 18 | Centre Wellington | CA | 28,191 | 26,693 | +5.61% |
19 | 19 | Collingwood | CA | 21,793 | 19,241 | +13.26% |
20 | 20 | Wasaga Beach | CA | 20,675 | 17,537 | +17.89% |
21 | 21 | Tillsonburg | CA | 15,872 | 15,301 | +3.73% |
22 | 22 | Ingersoll | CA | 12,757 | 12,146 | +5.03% |
Rank (2016) | Municipality | Municipal status | Land area (km2, 2011) | Growth Rate 2011–2016 | Population (2016) | Population (2011) | Population (2006) | Population (2001) | Population (1996) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Toronto | City | 630.2 | 4.46% | 2,731,571 | 2,615,060 | 2,503,281 | 2,481,494 | 2,385,421 |
2 | Mississauga | City | 292.4 | 1.14% | 721,599 | 713,443 | 668,549 | 612,925 | 544,382 |
3 | Brampton | City | 266.3 | 13.31% | 593,638 | 523,911 | 433,806 | 325,428 | 268,251 |
4 | Hamilton | City | 1,117.2 | 3.26% | 536,917 | 519,949 | 504,559 | 490,268 | 467,799 |
5 | London | City | 420.6 | 4.83% | 383,822 | 366,151 | 352,395 | 336,539 | 325,669 |
6 | Markham | City | 212.6 | 9.03% | 328,966 | 301,709 | 261,573 | 208,615 | 173,383 |
7 | Vaughan | City | 273.5 | 6.22% | 306,233 | 288,301 | 238,866 | 182,022 | 132,549 |
8 | Kitchener | City | 136.8 | 6.42% | 233,222 | 219,153 | 204,668 | 190,399 | 178,420 |
9 | Windsor | City | 146.3 | 2.99% | 217,188 | 210,891 | 216,473 | 209,218 | 197,694 |
10 | Richmond Hill | Town | 101.0 | 5.11% | 195,022 | 185,541 | 162,704 | 132,030 | 101,725 |
11 | Oakville | Town | 138.9 | 6.20% | 193,832 | 182,520 | 165,613 | 144,738 | 128,405 |
12 | Burlington | City | 185.7 | 4.29% | 183,314 | 175,779 | 164,415 | 150,836 | 136,976 |
13 | Oshawa | City | 145.68 | 6.6% | 159,458 | 149,607 | 141,590 | 139,051 | 134,364 |
14 | Barrie | City | 77.4 | 4.22% | 141,434 | 135,711 | 128,430 | 103,710 | 79,191 |
15 | St. Catharines | City | 96.1 | 1.30% | 133,113 | 131,400 | 131,989 | 129,170 | 130,926 |
16 | Guelph | City | 87.2 | 8.30% | 131,794 | 121,688 | 114,943 | 106,170 | 95,821 |
17 | Cambridge | City | 113.0 | 2.50% | 129,920 | 126,748 | 120,371 | 110,372 | 101,429 |
18 | Whitby | Town | 146.53 | 5.2% | 128,377 | 122,022 | 111,184 | 87,413 | 73,794 |
19 | Ajax | Town | 67.1 | 9.19% | 119,677 | 109,600 | 90,167 | 73,753 | 64,430 |
20 | Milton | Town | 363.2 | 30.54% | 110,128 | 84,362 | 53,939 | 31,471 | 32,104 |
21 | Waterloo | City | 64.0 | 6.28% | 104,986 | 98,780 | 97,475 | 86,543 | 77,949 |
22 | Chatham-Kent | Municipality | 2,458.1 | -1.95% | 101,647 | 103,671 | 108,177 | 107,341 | 109,950 |
23 | Brantford | City | 72.5 | 4.11% | 97,496 | 93,650 | 90,192 | 86,417 | 86,417 |
24 | Pickering | City | 231.6 | 3.44% | 91,771 | 88,721 | 87,838 | 87,139 | 78,989 |
25 | Niagara Falls | City | 209.7 | 6.11% | 88,071 | 82,997 | 82,184 | 78,815 | 76,917 |
26 | Newmarket | Town | 38.3 | 5.31% | 84,224 | 79,978 | 74,295 | 65,788 | 57,125 |
27 | Sarnia | City | 164.7 | -1.07% | 71,594 | 72,366 | 71,419 | 70,876 | 72,738 |
28 | Caledon | Town | 688.2 | 11.84% | 66,502 | 59,460 | 57,050 | 50,605 | 39,893 |
29 | Norfolk County | City | 1,607.6 | 1.38% | 64,044 | 63,175 | 62,563 | 60,847 | 60,534 |
30 | Halton Hills | Town | 276.3 | 3.64% | 61,161 | 59,013 | 55,289 | 48,184 | 42,390 |
31 | Aurora | Town | 49.8 | 4.21% | 55,445 | 53,203 | 47,629 | 40,167 | 34,857 |
32 | Welland | City | 81.1 | 3.28% | 52,293 | 50,631 | 50,331 | 48,402 | 48,411 |
Rank | Population centre | Size group | Population in 2016 | Population in 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Toronto | Large urban | 5,429,524 | 5,144,412 |
2 | Hamilton | Large urban | 693,645 | 671,008 |
3 | Waterloo | Large urban | 470,015 | 446,295 |
4 | London | Large urban | 383,437 | 365,715 |
5 | Windsor | Large urban | 287,069 | 277,970 |
6 | St. Catharines–Niagara | Large urban | 229,246 | 220,616 |
7 | Barrie | Large urban | 145,614 | 140,383 |
8 | Guelph | Large urban | 132,397 | 122,457 |
9 | Milton | Large urban | 101,715 | 75,880 |
10 | Brantford | Medium | 98,179 | 94,269 |
11 | Sarnia | Medium | 72,125 | 73,044 |
12 | Welland–Pelham | Medium | 62,388 | 60,540 |
13 | Chatham | Medium | 43,550 | 44,676 |
14 | Georgetown | Medium | 42,123 | 40,185 |
15 | St. Thomas | Medium | 41,813 | 40,973 |
16 | Woodstock | Medium | 40,404 | 37,443 |
17 | Leamington | Medium | 32,991 | 32,520 |
18 | Stouffville | Small | 32,634 | 24,654 |
19 | Stratford | Medium | 31,053 | 30,516 |
20 | Orangeville | Medium | 30,734 | 29,007 |
21 | Bradford | Small | 29,862 | 23,024 |
22 | Keswick–Elmhurst Beach | Small | 26,757 | 26,002 |
23 | Bolton | Small | 26,378 | 27,108 |
24 | Midland | Medium | 24,353 | 23,791 |
25 | Innisfil | Small | 23,992 | 20,365 |
26 | Owen Sound | Small | 22,032 | 22,354 |
27 | Fergus | Small | 20,767 | 19,335 |
28 | Collingwood | Small | 20,102 | 17,986 |
29 | Alliston | Small | 18,809 | 15,343 |
30 | Wasaga Beach | Small | 17,808 | 15,378 |
31 | Tillsonburg | Small | 15,594 | 14,933 |
32 | Port Colborne | Small | 15,037 | 15,079 |
33 | Fort Erie | Small | 14,621 | 14,490 |
34 | Strathroy | Small | 14,401 | 14,391 |
35 | Simcoe | Small | 13,922 | 13,383 |
36 | Amherstburg | Small | 13,910 | 13,724 |
37 | New Hamburg | Small | 13,595 | 11,709 |
38 | Angus–Borden CFB-BFC | Small | 12,640 | 10,132 |
39 | Ingersoll | Small | 12,587 | 11,977 |
40 | Paris | Small | 12,310 | 11,722 |
41 | Beamsville | Small | 11,834 | 10,655 |
42 | Elmira | Small | 10,161 | 9,677 |
43 | Wallaceburg | Small | 10,098 | 10,127 |
44 | Caledonia | Small | 9,674 | 9,871 |
45 | Acton | Small | 9,462 | 9,506 |
46 | Binbrook | Small | 8,794 | 4,926 |
47 | Crystal Beach | Small | 8,524 | 8,059 |
48 | Kincardine | Small | 8,315 | 7,802 |
49 | Shelburne | Small | 8,126 | 5,841 |
50 | Port Elgin | Small | 7,862 | 7,304 |
51 | Aylmer | Small | 7,621 | 7,249 |
52 | Goderich | Small | 7,536 | 7,327 |
53 | Sutton | Small | 7,531 | 6,694 |
54 | Listowel | Small | 7,530 | 6,828 |
55 | Essex | Small | 7,446 | 7,127 |
56 | Hanover | Small | 7,413 | 7,240 |
57 | King | Small | 6,970 | 4,603 |
58 | St. Marys | Small | 6,951 | 6,373 |
59 | Port Dover | Small | 6,161 | 5,710 |
59 | Dunnville | Small | 5,759 | 5,267 |
61 | Corunna | Small | 5,686 | 5,892 |
62 | Chippawa | Small | 5,620 | 5,246 |
63 | Smithville | Small | 5,489 | 4,842 |
64 | Tay | Small | 5,408 | 5,217 |
65 | Petrolia | Small | 5,375 | 5,144 |
66 | Tottenham | Small | 5,143 | 4,720 |
67 | Mount Albert | Small | 4,925 | 4,044 |
68 | Meaford | Small | 4,910 | 4,860 |
69 | Tilbury | Small | 4,768 | 4,675 |
70 | Mississauga Beach | Small | 4,662 | 4,349 |
71 | Exeter | Small | 4,649 | 4,210 |
72 | Mount Forest | Small | 4,643 | 4,466 |
73 | Rockwood | Small | 4,629 | 4,290 |
74 | Nobleton | Small | 4,614 | 2,554 |
75 | Mitchell | Small | 4,573 | 4,257 |
76 | Walkerton | Small | 4,517 | 4,403 |
77 | Blenheim | Small | 4,344 | 4,595 |
78 | Caledon East | Small | 4,282 | 2,706 |
79 | Delhi | Small | 4,240 | 4,172 |
80 | Ayr | Small | 4,171 | 3,909 |
81 | Vineland | Small | 4,074 | 3,807 |
82 | Stayner | Small | 4,029 | 3,844 |
83 | Dorchester | Small | 3,911 | 4,003 |
84 | Beeton | Small | 3,730 | 3,730 |
85 | Southampton | Small | 3,678 | 3,382 |
86 | St. George | Small | 3,255 | 3,124 |
87 | Wellesley | Small | 3,246 | 2,929 |
88 | Ballantrae | Small | 3,223 | 2,994 |
89 | Waterford | Small | 3,132 | 3,027 |
90 | Clinton | Small | 3,049 | 2,979 |
91 | Ridgetown | Small | 3,002 | 2,986 |
92 | Tavistock | Small | 2,955 | 2,784 |
93 | Hagersville | Small | 2,939 | 2,579 |
94 | Virgil | Small | 2,937 | 2,734 |
95 | Wingham | Small | 2,934 | 2,875 |
96 | Wheatley | Small | 2,898 | 2,934 |
97 | Norwich | Small | 2,852 | 2,707 |
98 | Harrow | Small | 2,710 | 2,713 |
99 | Schomberg | Small | 2,691 | 2,321 |
100 | Grand Bend | Small | 2,684 | 2,564 |
101 | Seaforth | Small | 2,680 | 2,627 |
102 | Erin | Small | 2,647 | 2,523 |
103 | Palmerston | Small | 2,624 | 2,599 |
104 | Durham | Small | 2,609 | 2,635 |
105 | Lucan | Small | 2,541 | 2,014 |
106 | Thornbury | Small | 2,485 | 2,363 |
107 | Dresden | Small | 2,451 | 2,385 |
108 | Wyoming | Small | 2,361 | 2,248 |
109 | Arthur | Small | 2,333 | 2,314 |
110 | Elmvale | Small | 2,314 | 2,248 |
111 | Forest | Small | 2,277 | 2,389 |
112 | Colchester | Small | 2,229 | 2,104 |
113 | Port Stanley | Small | 2,148 | 2,270 |
114 | Glencoe | Small | 2,126 | 2,065 |
115 | Thamesford | Small | 2,116 | 1,953 |
116 | Drayton | Small | 2,111 | 1,775 |
117 | Dundalk | Small | 2,046 | 1,988 |
118 | Wiarton | Small | 1,989 | 2,034 |
119 | St. Jacobs | Small | 1,988 | 1,891 |
120 | Carlisle | Small | 1,869 | 1,879 |
121 | McGregor | Small | 1,859 | 1,474 |
122 | Ilderton | Small | 1,856 | 1,700 |
123 | Chesley | Small | 1,843 | 1,895 |
124 | Mount Brydges | Small | 1,842 | 1,834 |
125 | Harriston | Small | 1,797 | 1,700 |
126 | Parkhill | Small | 1,737 | 1,853 |
127 | Cayuga | Small | 1,713 | 1,622 |
128 | Oro Station–Hawkestone | Small | 1,691 | 1,682 |
129 | Everett | Small | 1,670 | 1,645 |
130 | Grand Valley | Small | 1,643 | 1,476 |
131 | Milverton | Small | 1,576 | 1,476 |
132 | Watford | Small | 1,536 | 1,491 |
133 | Caledon | Small | 1,482 | 1,572 |
134 | Dutton | Small | 1,368 | 1,300 |
135 | Plattsville | Small | 1,366 | 1,143 |
136 | West Lorne | Small | 1,337 | 1,415 |
137 | Mildmay | Small | 1,219 | 1,178 |
138 | Markdale | Small | 1,216 | 1,175 |
139 | Cookstown | Small | 1,214 | 975 |
140 | Claremont | Small | 1,202 | 1,175 |
141 | Stevensville | Small | 1,179 | 1,054 |
142 | Creemore | Small | 1,170 | 1,147 |
143 | Bourget | Small | 1,169 | 1,080 |
144 | Belmont | Small | 1,140 | 1,026 |
145 | Lucknow | Small | 1,121 | 1,095 |
146 | New Dundee | Small | 1,119 | 1,219 |
147 | Bayfield | Small | 1,112 | 951 |
148 | Port Rowan | Small | 1,102 | 1,069 |
149 | Stoney Point | Small | 1,087 | 1,146 |
150 | Paisley | Small | 1,045 | 998 |
151 | Palgrave | Small | 1,044 | 1,002 |
152 | Jarvis | Small | 1,037 | 913 |
Youngstown is a village in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 1,935 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Manitoulin Island is an island in Lake Huron, located within the borders of the Canadian province of Ontario, in the bioregion known as Laurentia. With an area of 2,766 km2 (1,068 sq mi), it is the largest lake island in the world, large enough that it has over 100 lakes itself. In addition to the historic Anishinaabe and European settlement of the island, archaeological discoveries at Sheguiandah have demonstrated Paleo-Indian and Archaic cultures dating from 10,000 BC to 2,000 BC.
Essex County is a primarily rural county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada comprising seven municipalities: Amherstburg, Kingsville, Lakeshore, LaSalle, Leamington, Tecumseh and the administrative seat, Essex.
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 94,415 at the 2021 census. It is part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). Incorporated on 12 June 1903, the city is across the river from Niagara Falls, New York. The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location, creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year.
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There are 35 CMAs and 117 CAs in 2016. Two new CMAs were created: Belleville (Ont.) and Lethbridge (Alta.). Eight new CAs were created: Gander (N.L.), Sainte-Marie (Que.), Arnprior (Ont.), Carleton Place (Ont.), Wasaga Beach (Ont.), Winkler (Man.), Weyburn (Sask.) and Nelson (Alta.). The CAs of Amos (Que.) and Temiskaming Shores (Ont.) were retired because the population of their cores dropped below 10,000 in 2011.