There are over two hundred scheduled monuments in Cheshire, a county in North West England, which date from the Neolithic period to the middle of the 20th century. This list includes the scheduled monuments in Cheshire between the years 1066 and 1539, the period accepted by Revealing Cheshire's Past[1] as the medieval period.
A scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or monument which is given legal protection by being placed on a list (or "schedule") by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport; English Heritage takes the leading role in identifying such sites. The current legislation supporting this is the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The term "monument" can apply to the whole range of archaeological sites, and they are not always visible above ground. Such sites have to have been deliberately constructed by human activity. They range from prehistoric standing stones and burial sites, through Roman remains and medieval structures such as castles and monasteries, to later structures such as industrial sites and buildings constructed for the World Wars or the Cold War.[2]
At least 129 scheduled monuments, over half of the total in Cheshire, date from the medieval period. The most frequently found monuments are moats or moated sites, of which there are 55. These are followed by the remains of crosses, 15 of which are churchyard crosses and 11 are wayside crosses, and the remains of 12 castles. There are seven deserted villages, three boundary stones, and the remains of three abbeys, two holy wells, and two halls. There are individual remains of a lime kiln, a pottery kiln, a hospital, a former chapel, a monastic grange, a tomb, an ice house and a hunting lodge. Chester city walls, the Dee Bridge and Farndon Bridge are scheduled monuments which are largely intact and continue in use today.
During the medieval period, houses were built on moated sites partly for defensive purposes but also as a sign of prestige. Cheshire contains over 200 moated sites out of more than 6,000 in England. Crosses in churchyards were used for a variety of purposes, including sites for prayer and pilgrimage, and for public proclamations. Many of them were destroyed following the Reformation and some were converted into sundials by Catholicrecusants to prevent their destruction. Other standing stones were part of wayside crosses acting as guides to local abbeys, or plague stones which were used for the transfer of money and items during periods of plague. Motte and bailey castles were introduced to Britain by the Normans and were used in Cheshire to defend its agricultural resources. In many cases the monuments consist only of earthworks or foundations, and where significant structural remains are present, they are often also listed buildings.[1]
The remains of a cross which consist of an octagonal shaft on three steps in StMary's churchyard. In the late 17th century it was made into a sundial by the addition of a square cap with a ball finial. It is listed at GradeII.[3][4][5][6]
A former motte and bailey castle, probably built in the 12thcentury. Only earthworks remain; both the motte and the bailey are surrounded by dry ditches.[10][11][12][13]
A potter's kiln discovered in 1933 containing fragments of pottery, mainly jugs and pitchers, dating from the 13th to the 15th century. There are now no visible surface remains.[14][15][16]
The remains of a cross which consists of an octagonal gritstone base block standing on two octagonal steps in StMary's churchyard. At a later date a sundial shaft was added. The structure is listed at GradeII.[17][18]
A deserted settlement in a shallow valley to the east of Baddiley Hall. There are signs of at least nine houses and barns on either side of small stream, which is now culverted. The Shropshire Union Canal runs through the eastern part of the site.[19][20][21]
The remains of the cross consist of a square base of two steps and a tapering octagonal shaft. This was made into a sundial and it stands in the churchyard of St Bartholomew's. It is listed at GradeII.[22][23][24][25]
This originally contained a timber framed house dating back to at least 1330. Subsequently, occupied by newer houses, it is now empty, and consists of a platform surrounded by a moat which is water-filled in three sides with a bridge crossing the western arm. Partial excavations took place in 1986–87 and 1995.[26][27][28]
A medieval castle built on a previous hillfort. Building started in the 1220s and it was occupied by Simon de Montfort in the Second Barons' War. It was extended in the 13th and 14thcenturies but by the 16thcentury had become a ruin, although it was involved in the Civil War. The medieval ruins are listed at GradeI.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]
Formerly a manor house with a moat which was flanked on three sides by a medieval garden. By the early 17thcentury it was part of the Eaton estate and used as coppice woodland.[39][40][41][42][43]
Originally a grange, then a moated manor house. The moat, fishpond and the building platform are scheduled. Bewsey Old Hall stands on the platform.[47][48][49][50][51]
This consists of the base and part of the shaft of a former standing cross, later converted into a sundial in churchyard of StMary's Church.[64][65][66][67]
The platform of the former chapel is marked by a 20th-century memorial pillar. To the southeast are earthworks remaining from the old hall.[72][73][74][75]
A mound which formerly held the keep of the castle of the Barons of Malpas. There is no sign of a bailey or a ditch. The church of St Oswald lies within the castle precinct.[79][80][81]
These consist of an almost complete circuit round the city, 2 miles (3km) long, including four gates and several towers linked by a red sandstone wall. The north and east walls follow the Roman foundations, while the south and west walls were extended in the medieval period.[91][92][93][94]
The moated site and three associated fishponds are scheduled. The site contains a house in two ranges, one built about 1330 and the other in the mid-16th century.[95][96][97]
A rectangular moated platform formerly occupied by Darley Old Hall. The moat is waterlogged and in good condition on three sides. There is now no evidence of a previously recorded drawbridge.[101][102][103][104]
Site of St Andrew's Hospital, a monastic hospital for travellers to Ireland; dissolved in 1496. Later occupied by a parsonage which was demolished in 1738. Now consists of earthworks and parts of ruined buildings; also present are the remains of a limekiln.[108][109][110][111]
A moated site formerly occupied by Dodleston Hall. The moat is almost complete other than the southeast corner which is covered by buildings.[115][116][117]
This consists of a square cross-base and an octagonal shaft on a stepped plinth in the churchyard of St James'. There are carvings of beasts at the corners of the plinth. It is listed at GradeII.[146][147][148][149]
This consists of a plinth of dressed gritstone blocks rising to two steps, which is surmounted by a gritstone block cut into two steps with a fragment of shaft. It was the base for a preaching cross.[150][151][152]
Evidence of several ditched enclosures shown by aerial photography which are overlain by an ornamental moat. These probably represent a deserted village.[159][160][161][162]
Formerly a monastic grange. There are also earthworks from a possible moat and a fishpool and portions of a boundary wall. The former hall and domestic range were restored in the 2000s. The hall is listed at GradeI.[204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213]
It consists of a square stone with a hollowed top on a 19th-century plinth, thought to have been a wayside cross and also a plague stone. It is listed at GradeII.[236][237][238]
Site of a moated medieval manor house with its ice house on a mound to the west. A later house has been built on the moated platform and a modern summer house on the site of the ice house.[245][246][247][248]
A trapezoidal piece of sandstone with a chamber on the front face. Possibly the base of a wayside cross or a plague cross. It is listed at GradeII.[249][250][251][252]
This consists of the broken shaft of a cross on a stepped plinth in the churchyard of StJames and StPaul. It is listed at GradeII. The rest of the shaft is inside the church.[257][258][259][260]
A moated site which contained a monastic grange which is accessed by a bridge with associated fishponds. The site includes the mutilated socket stone of a sandstone cross.[261][262][263][264]
A moated site with eight fishponds and connecting channels. It was originally a monastic grange and later the site of Middleton Hall and a chapel.[268][269][270]
The base is square below and shaped to octagonal above into which a rectangular shaft is set. It stands in St Mary's churchyard and is listed at GradeII.[283][284][285][286]
Built in buff and red sandstone, this consists of a massive square base on which are three steps and a cube-shaped block. Into this is set a broken rectangular shaft. It is listed at GradeII.[287][288][289][290]
The largest moat in Cheshire, partly water-filled. A stone chamber outside the moat, which was formerly a cess-pit, is linked by a stone-lined culvert.[294][295][296]
This consists of a water-filled moat which is lined with a stone wall. The house burnt down in the 1660s and an 1840 house now occupies the platform.[309][310][311]
The cross base is square rising to octagonal and the shaft was added in 1907. It stands in St Lawrence's churchyard and is listed at GradeII. Part of the shaft of the cross is used elsewhere in the churchyard to support a sundial and is also listed at GradeII.[312][313][314][315][316][317]
The base of the cross consists of two stepped stones, which are probably medieval, in the churchyard of StChristopher's. The shaft and cross were added later. It is listed at GradeII.[318][319][320][321]
This consists of a square sandstone block with a hollow in its top. It is sited at a road junction and was probably the base for a cross.[346][347][348]
The base is a massive piece of gritstone formed into two steps. On this is part of the shaft which is rectangular at the bottom, rising to octagonal. It stands in St Mary's churchyard.[349][350][351]
This consists of a massive square block of local sandstone with the lower part of a shaft which has been made into a sundial. It stands in St Lawrence's churchyard and is listed at GradeII.[369][370][371][372]
This consists of the remains of a house built in 1380, and subsequently extended, which used to contain a timber-framed hall. It partly collapsed in 1927 and was abandoned leaving a shell of the building which is listed at GradeII*.[386][387][388][389][390]
This consists of a square base of red sandstone and a shaft of yellow sandstone which stands in St Helen's churchyard. It is listed at GradeII.[391][392][393][394]
A cross base of three steps and a socket stone to which a later shaft has been added. It stands in St Leonard's churchyard and is a GradeII listed building.[426][427][428]
The remains of medieval wayside cross at the junction of four lanes which consist of a square section of a shaft standing on a socket stone on a number of pieces of stone from a later date. It is listed at GradeII*.[435][436][437][438]
Hornsea is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The settlement dates to at least the early medieval period. The town was expanded in the Victorian era with the coming of the Hull and Hornsea Railway in 1864. In the First World War the Mere was briefly the site of RNAS Hornsea Mere, a seaplane base. During the Second World War the town and beach was heavily fortified against invasion.
Howell is a village in the civil parish of Asgarby and Howell, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the A17, 4 miles (6 km) east from Sleaford, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north from Heckington. In 1921 the parish had a population of 58.
There are 37 scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building that has been given protection against unauthorised change by being placed on a list by the Secretary of State for Digital Culture, Media and Sport; Historic England recommends sites for scheduling to the Secretary of State. Scheduled monuments are defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the National Heritage Act 1983. There are nearly 20,000 entries on the schedule, which is maintained by Historic England as part of the National Heritage List for England; more than one site can be included in a single entry. While a scheduled monument can also be recognised as a listed building, Historic England's aim is to set the most appropriate form of protection in place for the building or site. Applications to deschedule a site are administered Historic England, who will carry out an assessment and make a recommendation to the Secretary of State.
Tydd St Mary is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about 9 miles (14 km) east of the town of Spalding and about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. The civil parish includes the village of Tydd Gote which lies partly in Tydd St Mary and partly in Tydd St Giles, Cambridgeshire. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1047.
There are 27 scheduled monuments in Maidstone, Kent, England. In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is an archaeological site or historic building of "national importance" that has been given protection against unauthorised change by being placed on a list by the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport; Historic England takes the leading role in identifying such sites. Scheduled monuments are defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the National Heritage Act 1983. They are also referred to as scheduled ancient monuments. There are about 20,000 scheduled monument entries on the list and more than one site can be included in a single entry. While a scheduled monument can also be recognised as a listed building, Historic England considers listed building status as a better way of protecting buildings than scheduled monument status. If a monument is considered by Historic England to "no longer merit scheduling" it can be removed from the schedule.
Milecastle 70 (Braelees) was one of a series of Milecastles or small fortlets built at intervals of approximately one Roman mile along Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY35155898).
This is a list of scheduled monuments in the English county of Lancashire.
There are 588 scheduled monuments in the county of Lincolnshire, England. These protected sites date in some cases from the Neolithic period, and include barrows, artillery forts, ruined abbeys, castles, and Iron Age hill forts. In the United Kingdom, the scheduling of monuments was first initiated to ensure the preservation of "nationally important" archaeological sites and historic buildings. Protection is given to scheduled monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.
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