While a scheduled monument can also be recognised as a listed building, Historic England considers listed building status as a better way of protecting buildings than scheduled monument status. If a monument is considered by Historic England to "no longer merit scheduling" it can be descheduled.[2]
Lancashire has over 140 scheduled monuments including burial mounds, Roman remains, medieval sites, mining relics, castles and various bridges.
On a limestone knoll at Ashnott Farm. Lead mining occurred here in periods from at least the 1300s up to the 19th century. There are earthworks and buried remains of the surface workings, mine shafts and dams built to supply water to the site. The listing also includes a single-pot lime kiln, possibly built here to make use of waste rock from the mine.[3]
A univallate (single-walled) defended enclosure c.70 metres (230ft) across, surrounded by an approximately 11-metre (36ft) ditch, with entrances in the north and south. On a hilltop overlooking the Lune valley, there is also a deep hollow way ascending the hill, thought to be a track to the site.[4]
A cave about 20 metres (66ft) up the west face of Warton Crag, overlooking Morecambe Bay. The cave chamber is approximately 5 by 3 metres (16.4 by 9.8ft), with a partially blocked passage leading from the mouth which opens onto a 6-by-1.5-metre (19.7 by 4.9ft) platform. Excavations have revealed evidence of human occupation dating back to the Paleolithic period.[5]
The late 16th-century Bailey Hall is on the moated site of an earlier building. Next to the hall are the ruins of the early 14th-century chantry chapel dedicated to St John the Baptist. This is the only moated site in Lancashire known to have contained a parochial chapel. The listing also includes two hollows to the west, thought to have been fishponds.[6] The hall and the remains of the chapel are GradeII listed.[7][8]
At the western end of Beadle Hill, with extensive views over the surrounding area. Inner and outer ditches are separated by an earth and stone rampart, around a farmstead enclosure about 75 metres (246ft) square, with an entrance on the eastern side.[9]
North-west of Bellman Farm are the remains of lime kilns and associated short tramway, next to the Chatburn to Blackburn railway line. James Carter and William Rowe opened the limeworks in c.1869. A bank of four massive lime kilns up to 15 metres (49ft) high. Built in 1877 from limestone blocks with brick arches, each kiln is lined with firebricks. Served by a chain-driven tramway from Bellmanpark quarry, small trucks ran across a large wooden trestle bridge to the top of the kilns. The kilns unloaded directly into the wagons which passed through the base of the structure. Little work continued at the site after 1960.[10][11]
On the summit of Bleara Moor, on the border with North Yorkshire, the round cairn is thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 21-metre (69ft) by 19-metre (62ft) oval mound of peat and heather-covered stones up to 1.4 metres (4ft 7in) high, with a 0.4-metre (1ft 4in) deep, rectangular hollow, 3 metres (9.8ft) by 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) on the top.[12]
On a flat hilltop between the tributary streams of the River Brock. A grave and cremation urns were found in the central mound, around which 11 oak posts formed a ring approximately 11 metres (36ft) across. The Bronze Age urnfield was enclosed by a ditch and a palisaded timber ring c.50 metres (160ft) in diameter.[13]
A bowl barrow thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. It is a 66.5-metre (218ft) by 62-metre (203ft) oval mound of earth and stones between 1.8 and 2.5 metres (5ft 11in and 8ft 2in) high. South of Boar's Den Farm.[14]
Bomber Camp Romano-British farmstead
Bomber Camp Romano-British farmstead and associated enclosure
4th-century farmstead within an enclosure c.70 metres (230ft) square, surrounded by a ditch with inner and outer banks, which are still visible. The entrance was on the south east side and two raised areas inside are believed to be hut platforms.[15] It is north of the Roman road from Ribchester to Ilkley (Margary 72a / RR 72a).[16]
Two bowl barrows to the north of Hacking Boat House
On the flood plain, north of the River Ribble, close to its confluence with the Calder, 170 metres (560ft) north-east and 250 metres (820ft) north of Hacking Boat House are two bowl barrows thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. Both oval mounds of earth, the easterly is the more prominent, at up to 6 metres (20ft) high and 44 by 35 metres (144 by 115ft) across. The westerly barrow is larger at 60 by 35 metres (197 by 115ft) wide and up to 2.5 metres (8ft 2in) high. An archaeological excavation in 1894 has left an approximately 9-metre (30ft) diameter, 1.7-metre (5ft 7in) deep hollow at the centre of the westerly barrow.[17][18]
140 metres (460ft) and 155 metres (509ft) east of Beadle Hill are two bowl barrows thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. The turf-covered, circular mounds of earth and small stones are surrounded by an approximately 1-metre (3ft 3in) wide shallow ditch, which is unusual in Lancashire. The westerly is the larger, at 9.5 metres (31ft) diameter and 0.1-metre (3.9in) high. The easterly is 8.5 metres (28ft) wide and a similar height.[19][20]
90 metres (300ft) east of the Twist Castle Romano-British farmstead is a bowl barrow thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. It is a 13.7-metre (45ft) circular mound, constructed of earth and small stones to a height of up to 0.3 metres (1ft 0in). In 1889, an intact ceramic food vessel was recovered from the centre of the barrow.[21]
In the forest on either side of Brown Hills Beck, are two bowl barrows thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. Both oval mounds of earth, the easterly is the larger, at 40 by 30 metres (131 by 98ft) and up to 10 metres (33ft) high. The smaller westerly barrow is 25 by 15 metres (82 by 49ft) wide and up to 8 metres (26ft) high. There are no records to suggest that either has ever been excavated.[22][23]
On Hameldon Pasture is a bowl barrow thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. It is an up to 0.5-metre (1ft 8in) high, oval mound 21.5 by 17 metres (71 by 56ft), constructed of earth and small stones. At the barrow's centre, there is a 0.3-metre (1ft 0in) deep hollow, approximately 5 by 4 metres (16 by 13ft), containing two gritstone boulders. These, along with another boulder a short distance away, are thought to be the remains of a stone cist, which was opened in 1886 but found to be empty.[24]
Bradley Hall Farm is on a moated site of an earlier building thought to date from the medieval period. Although partially infilled, the moat survives best on the south-east and north-east sides where its width is between 10 and 15 metres (33 and 49ft) and depth of up to 2 metres (6ft 7in). Around the moat there are also three fishponds that were connected to it by water channels. The farmhouse is excluded from the schedule, but it is GradeII listed.[25][26]
North of Bretters Farm are the remains of a moated site, thought to have been the location of Heath Charnock's manor house from at least the 13th century. Today a 48-by-38-metre (157ft ×125ft) island is surrounded by a partly waterlogged moat about 15 metres (49ft) wide and 3 metres (9.8ft) deep in places. Outside western and northern arms are two fishponds, one is approximately triangular, 18 by 24 metres (59ft ×79ft) and the other an almost circular shape with a 14-metre (46ft) diameter. Short channels connect both to the moat.[27]
Although recorded on the schedule as a packhorse bridge over the River Brock, south of Brooks Farm, it might have been misclassified. A bridge doesn't appear on the first Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in the 1840s, suggesting a construction date in the later 19th century. It may actually be a pedestrian bridge, built to improve access to Saint Eadmer's church.[28][29]
A circular univallate (single-walled) defended enclosure c.45 metres (148ft) across, surrounded by a ditch and bank, with entrances in the east and west. Today the 0.3-metre (1ft 0in) wide ditch is only approximately 0.2 metres (7.9in) deep and the bank no more than 0.3 metres (1ft 0in) high and about 2 metres (6ft 7in) across. The site, on Broad Bank Hill, overlooking the valley of Thursden Brook, is thought to be a prehistoric settlement; limited archaeological excavation in 1950 recovered some Neolithic finds but was insufficient to more accurately date the site.[31]
Camp House moated site, moated outwork and connecting channels
South-west of Camp House is a moated site thought to date from the medieval period. A system of channels link the main moated site with the River Lune350 metres (1,150ft) northeast. About 90 metres (300ft) to the north of the main site is a moated outwork consisting of a small island surrounded by a shallow moat which was connected by a ditch to the water channel.[32]
A small multivallatehillfort is on a hilltop overlooking the valley system of the River Calder and its tributaries, on the edge of the South Pennines. Thought to date from the Iron Age, triple rubble ramparts up to 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) high, separated by ditches of similar depth, surround the site on all sides except the north. The inner rampart may have been timber-laced and revetted with stone and enclosed an oval area measuring approximately 115 by 76 metres (377 by 249ft). The hillfort has been damaged by coal mining with old bell pits evident both inside and around the site.[33]
On high ground overlooking the River Ribble, are the remains of a late Anglo-Saxon or early Normanringwork castle. A circular earth mound 5–6 metres (16–20ft) high survives, topped by a breastwork, and largely surrounded by a 2-metre (6ft 7in) deep ditch. It is called Castle Haugh but also known locally as Cromwell's Basin.[34]
Next to St Mary's Church, the earth mound survives of the motte-and-baileyPenwortham Castle, overlooking an ancient ford across the River Ribble. Its diameter is approximately 36.5 metres (120ft) at the base and 7.6 metres (25ft) at the summit. The castle was named in the Domesday Book, but appears to have fallen into ruins during the 13th century.[35]
Located at the end of a promontory overlooking the River Lune is the site of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle. Today the truncated motte is topped by a flagpole, and during World War II an observation post was built on it (since removed). The castle was one of several similar fortifications along the Lune valley.[36]
Overlooking the River Wyre, an earth mound survives, about 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) high and 20 metres (66ft) maximum diameter, partially destroyed by a neighbouring 19th-century quarry. Known as Castle Hill, this was the site of a medieval motte castle, although little is known of its history.[37][38]
East of Leck Beck on a flat-topped spur is a defended enclosure thought to date to between the seventh and fifth centuries BC. The sub-circular enclosure is about 80 by 67 metres (262ft ×220ft) and contains two hut circles and is surrounded by three banks, the largest 1.2 metres (3ft 11in) high and up to 6 metres (20ft) wide, along with two ditches. There are entrances on the northern and southern sides.[39]
Next to St Wilfrid's Church the earth mound survives of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle. The castle was one of several similar fortifications along the Lune valley. The motte became part of the garden of the old vicarage and has been landscaped to include a flight of stone steps, a terrace and retaining wall.[40]
Overlooking Loyn Bridge across the River Lune, the earth mound and sections of the ditches survive of the motte-and-bailey Castle Stede. It is one of a group of similar castles established along the Lune valley in the late 11th century. It is the best preserved example of this type of castle in Lancashire. On the south side of the site, the scheduling also includes a World War IIpill box, constructed on the outer edge of the bailey ditch.[41]
Next to St John's Church, the earth mound survives of the motte-and-bailey Arkholme Castle, overlooking an ancient ford across the River Lune. It is one of a group late 11th-century castles established along the Lune valley, with the church sited within the former bailey.[42]
The early 17th-century Chingle Hall is on a moated site of an earlier building thought to date from the medieval period. The approximately 44-by-40-metre (144 by 131ft) rectangular island, was surrounded by an up to 10-metre (33ft) wide waterfilled moat. The moat survives best at to west and south and today is accessed by a brick-built bridge on the south side. The house and bridge are excluded from the scheduling, but are GradeII listed.[43][44]
A 10th-century Viking burial mound in Sandhole Wood, possibly re-using the site of a bowl barrow thought to date from the Late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. Made of sand, it measures about 17 by 13 metres (56 by 43ft) and up to 0.3 metres (1ft 0in) high and would have been surrounded by a ditch.[45]
On the south side of the River Wenning, east of Clintsfield Farm, a colliery operated during the 18th and early 19th centuries. During its lifetime a number of shafts where constructed, with horses used for winding, and two features on the ground are thought to have been gin circles. The structures of the steam engine house, which in 1839 contained a 5 horsepower (3.7kW)beam engine used for pumping, and also the boiler house and chimney are still standing. There are also three reservoirs with dams.[46] The engine house is also a GradeII listed building.[47]
Early medieval enclosure castle on a limestone rock outcrop overlooking the River Ribble in Clitheroe. It was probably built in the 12th century, the property of the de Lacy family. The castle site remained in private ownership until 1920. The keep is the second smallest surviving stone-built keep in England.[48]
The remains of Broad-head Colliery (closed 1893), including shaft mounds, gin circles, platforms and roadways. Also 8 stone built beehive coking ovens arranged in 3 banks.[51][52]
The mound is an up to 1.9 metres (6ft 3in) high, T-shaped earthwork about 37 metres (121ft) by 8 and 12 metres (26 and 39ft) next to Moss Leach Brook, about 350 metres (1,150ft) north east of the site of Broughton Tower. Possibly the remains of a dam relating to the medieval tower, it is believed to have been utilised as a temporary fortification by troops of the New Model Army during the Battle of Preston in 1648. It may even have provided Oliver Cromwell his first viewpoint of the battlefield.[53]
Neighbouring Ormskirk School to the east is Cross Hall Farm. Here there is a moated site with an island around 50 by 30 metres (164ft ×98ft). The moat varies between 10 and 30 metres (33 and 98ft) in width and up to 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) in depth, with a causeway on the eastern side, and today is almost entirely dry. Cross Hall was a residence of the Stanley family, and although the construction date is unknown, the building is thought to have been abandoned in the late 17th or early 18th century when a new Cross Hall (since demolished) was built.[54]
The bridge dates from 1682 and carries a road called The Hillocks over the River Yarrow. It is in sandstone, and consists of a single segmental arch with rounded coping to the parapets, and a humped deck paved with setts. It is also a GradeII listed building.[55][56]
Like Badger Hole, the cave is on the west face of Warton Crag. Similarly, excavations have revealed evidence of early human occupation, with artefacts discovered from the Neolithic, Iron Age and possibly Roman periods.[57][58]
A 17th-century, slate-roofed, brick-built dovecote situated in a field to the south west of the village, 150 metres (490ft) north-east of Gradwells. It has a 4.7-metre (15ft) square plan, and on the roof is a cupola with an ogee roof which is not original. It is also GradeII listed.[59][60]
50 metres (160ft) north of Smithfield Farm is a disused single-pot, flare type lime kiln and a stone-walled storage yard. It is a rare example in north west England of such a complete commercial lime kiln site.[61]
A grant of pontage was issued for a bridge over the River Ribble here in 1339. Today's sandstone bridge contains some Gothic ribbed arches possibly of late-medieval construction. It has nine spans of varying width, four arches crossing the river channel on the east side and a further five partly buried arches with a tight bend over meadow land on the west. The largest arch is the second from the eastern side at 17.98 metres (59.0ft) across, it is thought to have replaced two earlier arches before 1799. The bridge was widened over its full length from c.2.4 metres (8ft) to about 6.1 metres (20ft), sometime before 1903. It is also GradeII listed.[62][63][64][65]
Although not entirely original, the medieval market cross is still in its original location at the Market Place in front of the Royal Oak Hotel. Standing 5 metres (16ft) tall, the base is medieval, but the cross shaft was re-erected with alterations in 1897 to mark Queen Victoria's 60th year on the throne.[67]
Near Lancaster Castle, 23 Castle Hill was home to Shrigley and Hunt's stained glass manufacturing workshops. The main building, fronting Castle Hill, housed studios and workshops and was occupied by the firm from about 1890. Behind this, the cellar of another, historically larger building, previously the main workshops, contains four melting and annealing furnaces. Glassmaking ceased in the mid-20th century. The older building is scheduled, considered an outstanding and unique survival of such furnaces. The main building is GradeII listed.[68]
Due to the difficulty of navigation up the River Lune to the docks in Lancaster, the port commission decided to build a dock at Glasson, which opened in 1787. Several additions have since been made: a link was constructed to the Glasson Branch of the Lancaster Canal in the 1820s, a Graving Dock was built in 1837, and the East Quay was extended to accommodate the Glasson Dock branch line after 1880.[69][70] The late 18th-century lighthouse on the East Quay and former custom house on the North Quay are also GradeII listed.[71][72]
After 1490, Thomas Stanley had the castle built on the site an earlier manor house, overlooking the River Wyre. Without a defended outer enclosure, it is an unusual variant of a tower keep with elements of a quadrangular castle. During the Civil War the castle was held by the Royalists, but the garrison surrendered under siege in 1645, after which it was partially demolished. The south west tower is best preserved, standing up to 10 metres (33ft). The scheduling also includes an area farmed terraces south-east of the castle.[73]
A medieval priest's house (also known as Halsall Abbey or Halsall Priory) near St Cuthbert's Church. Thought to date to the late 14th or early 15th century, the rectory was a substantial structure arranged around at least three sides of a courtyard. Much of the building was demolished in the mid-19th century. The remains of the standing sandstone walls are also GradeII listed.[74][75]
The bombing decoy was toward the summit of Hameldon Hill
During World War II a network of five Starfish site bombing decoys were constructed in the area, designed to protect Accrington. This site on Hameldon Hill, 390 metres (1,280ft) north of Heights Farm, was started in early spring 1941 (during The Blitz) with two control buildings and a number of rectangular areas where fires were ignited, surrounded by firebreak trenches. In the autumn simulated urban lighting was added and the site became a joint QL/SF decoy, operating until at least March 1942. Although the control buildings have been demolished, it is one of only three such combined sites in England still remaining largely in its completed form.[76]
A standing cross near the Watersheddles Reservoir on the moorland border with West Yorkshire. The 1.82-metre (6ft 0in) long stone now rests at an angle against an outcrop, but is thought to have formerly stood upright. Likely of medieval origin, records from 1327 to 1377 show that `Waterschedles crosse' was used to mark the boundary between the Diocese of York and that of Lichfield.[77][78]
Immediately east of Castle Clough gorge, are the remains of medieval castle dating back to at least 1328, when Gilbert de la Leigh purchased Hapton manor. An oval yard about 40 metres (130ft) by 30 metres (98ft) is thought to have been enclosed by a wooden palisade or stone wall, with a stone tower keep inside. Additional defences included a dry ditch, which survives in the south and part of the east sides up to 14 metres (46ft) wide and 4 metres (13ft) deep. It ceased to be the seat of the manor when Hapton Tower was built in 1510, but was still occupied in 1667. However, by 1725 it was in ruins and little was left of the structure by 1800.[79]
Close to the junction of Grimeford Lane, Roscoe Lowe Brow and Rivington Lane, is the lower 1.05 metres (3ft 5in) of a wayside cross shaft thought to date to at least the 12th century. It is constructed of local sandstone with carvings on all sides and set on a modern base. It is topped by a post-medieval flat sandstone slab, with the words TO PRESTON, TO WIGGAN, TO BOULTON and TO BLAGBURN carved on the sides. It is also GradeII listed.[80][81]
Close to St Patrick's Chapel, in the churchyard of St Peter's Church is the lower part of an Anglianhigh cross shaft thought to date to the 9th century. It is constructed of local red sandstone with carvings on all sides and 0.85 metres (2ft 9in) and set on a modern base.[82]
In the churchyard of St Wilfrid's Church is a decorated pre-Norman high cross thought to date to the 11th century. Constructed of local sandstone, it is approximately 3.9 metres (13ft) high and sits on a three-stepped stone base. However the cross has been reassembled from pieces, with only the upper arm of the cross head and the lower and upper and parts of the shaft being original.[83]
On the River Ogden in 1789, the Turner family built a three-storey woollen fulling mill, it still retains fulling stocks and a working backshot water wheel. Next to this in the 1820s they constructed a larger mill that spans the river, which was damaged by fire and rebuilt in 1859–60 as a cotton spinning mill and warehouse. There is also a square chimney on the hillside overlooking the mill and connected to it by an underground flue. Today the buildings form the Helmshore Mills Textile Museum and are also GradeII listed.[84][85][86][87][88]
This three-arch bridge carries Main Street over the River Wenning at Hornby. Constructed of sandstone, probably in 1769, it has segmental arches with triangular cutwaters and a band below the solid parapets. During World War II, the bridge was widened over its full length on the downstream, western side. It is also GradeII listed.[91][92]
In the grounds of Towneley Park, west of the hall, is a disused ice house, thought to have been built by the Towneley family during the 17th century. Repaired in 1976, it is constructed of brick and stone, covered with earth. More recently it was found that bats have roosted here, and it has become very overgrown.[93][94]
Ightenhill was one of the manors of the Honour of Clitheroe, covering a much larger area than the civil parish. The manor house was east of Gawthorpe Hall on the brow of the hill overlooking the River Calder, the site providing a good view of Pendle Forest. The earliest known reference occurred when John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln signed a charter here in 1238. By 1296 a c.760-acre (310ha)deer park had been enclosed around it and a horse stud established here. As well as the hall, the site contained a number of ancillary buildings including a chapel, barn and stable. It was a ruin by 1522 and by 1894 no part of the walls were still standing.[95][96]
Ingrave Farm is built on a moated site of an earlier building thought to date from the medieval period. The partly waterlogged moat about is 15 metres (49ft) wide and 2 metres (6ft 7in) deep in places. About 100 metres (330ft) to the west is a smaller site about 25 metres (82ft) square, the moat of which has since been infilled. It was linked to the larger moat by a still waterlogged channel.[97]
Around Cow Ark, a minor road follows parts of the line of the Roman road north from Ribchester fort (Margary 7c / RR 7c), the two deviating at Browsholme Heights. The exposed section of the Roman road at this junction is protected by an entry on the schedule.[98][99]
Covered by trees on a small hill east of the River Ribble, north of its confluence with Stock Beck, is a bowl barrow thought to date from the Late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. The approximately 0.5-metre (1ft 8in) high and 20-metre (66ft) wide, circular mound of earth and stones is surrounded by an approximately 2.5-metre (8ft 2in) wide ditch up to 0.5 metres (1ft 8in) deep. Traces remain of an outer bank that flanked the ditch, about 2.5 metres (8ft 2in) wide and up to 0.3 metres (1ft 0in) high.[100]
A three-arch sandstone bridge over the River Lune, possibly dating to the late medieval period, next to Castle Stede. It is also a GradeII* listed building.[101][102]
In the hamlet of Holden, 50 metres (160ft) north-east of Holden Green Farm, is a moated site thought to date from the medieval period. Today a grassy island, approximately 43 by 36 metres (141 by 118ft), is surrounded by a c.8-metre (26ft) wide dry moat. The foundations of buildings formerly on the island are indicated by an L-shaped bank on the northern half, and a raised platform at the south-east corner. It was accessed by a causeway across the mid-point of the western arm of the moat.[103]
East of Upp Hall Farm is a moated site thought to date from the medieval period. The oval island is surrounded by a dry moat varying between 6 and 10 metres (20 and 33ft) wide and a depth of up to 1.5 metres (4ft 11in). The width of the moat expands to form a fishpond at the western corner, and a boggy area to the south is thought to have also formerly been a fishpond. The site was abandoned when the present Upp Hall was built around the start of the 19th century.[104]
About 110 metres (360ft) south of Manor House Farm is a moated site thought to date to the medieval period. The moat is still waterlogged on the west side and averages 12 metres (39ft) wide and 0.7 metres (2ft 4in) deep with a projection on the north arm. On the east side are two dry fishponds, the northerly is about 19 by 35 metres (62ft ×115ft), the southerly about 17 by 37 metres (56ft ×121ft).[105]
The moated site of the original Bickerstaffe Hall is situated about 70 metres (230ft) south-west of the present building. A trapezoidal island with maximum dimensions of around 68 by 68 metres (223ft ×223ft) is surrounded by a partially infilled moat between about 3 and 6 metres (9.8 and 19.7ft) wide and up to 1.3 metres (4ft 3in) deep.[106]
Clayton Hall
Moated site of Clayton Hall, adjacent fishponds and channels
The, now demolished, 17th-century Clayton Hall is on a moated site thought to date from the medieval period. The waterfilled moat survives best at its north and north-east sides and access was by a causeway at the north-west corner. To the north and west are two fishponds connected to the moat and also included in the scheduling.[107]
The moated site of the original Scarisbrick Hall, 140 metres (460ft) north-west of the modern Scarisbrick Hall. A tree-covered island measuring c.100 by 50 metres (330 by 160ft) is flanked on two sides by a waterlogged moat, with the north-eastern arm formed by Eas Brook. This hall is recorded in an early 13th-century deed.[108]
120 metres (390ft) south-east of Hollins Farm is part of a medieval open-field system, a part of Rimington lead mines and small limestone quarry with three clamp type lime kilns. It is uncertain when lead mining began here, but it is documented in the late 16th century. Mining for lead and later barytes continued in phases through to the 1950s. There are the remains of shafts, spoil heaps, an ore-processing area, and also a possible buddle pit.[109]
A disused sandstone bridge over the River Hodder, built in 1562, also known as Cromwell's Bridge. It about 2 metres (6ft 7in) wide has three segmental arches, the middle being widest, and was replaced by another bridge a little way upstream in 1819. On 16 August 1648, Oliver Cromwell held a council of war here while his 8,000-strong army passed over the bridge on the eve of the Battle of Preston. It is also GradeII* listed.[114][115][116]
Roman bath-house, Lancaster
Part of a Roman fort and a Benedictine priory on Castle Hill
Lancaster Castle was not the first building on Castle Hill. A Roman fort was founded here c.80 AD, probably to command a crossing point on the River Lune. Re-built and expanded a number of times, around 330 AD the fort underwent a drastic remodelling in a style similar to the Saxon Shore Forts, requiring the demolition of buildings within the vicus area outside it. It is known that in the late 11th century Roger de Poitou founded a Benedictine priory here. Excavations beneath the priory church suggest it was built over a pre-Conquest building, possibly a monastery founded under St Wilfred. Several of the buildings on the site are listed.[117]
This four-arch bridge over the River Ribble, contains some Gothic ribbed arches possibly of late-medieval construction. Largely of sandstone construction with some limestone elements, two older arches cross the river channel on the east side and a further two added sometime after, pass over meadow land on the west. The bridge was widened over its full length from c.2.75 metres (9ft 0in) to about 6.75 metres (22.1ft), and the parapets renewed, probably in the mid-19th century. The Pennine Bridleway National Trail crosses the river at this point. It is also GradeII listed.[118][119][120]
The original attempt to build a bridge directly from Preston to Penwortham was completed in 1755, only to collapse the following year. This bridge opened in 1759 and consists of five unequal segmental arches, rising toward the centre. The cutwaters rise to form refuges at the sides of the 5.49-metre (18.0ft) wide, cobbled carriageway. The spandrels are of red sandstone.[121] It is also GradeII listed.[122][123]
Pike Lowe
Pike Low bowl barrow and site of beacon, Bonfire Hill
On the summit of Bonfire Hill is a bowl barrow thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 15-metre (49ft) by 13-metre (43ft) oval mound of earth and stones up to 0.6 metres (2ft 0in) high. The site was used as part of a system of warning beacons during the medieval period and the top of the mound has been flattened to create a platform for the bonfire. This is a rare example of such a combination.[124]
On a ridge on the lower part of Anglezarke Moor is a chambered long cairn thought to date from the Neolithic period. It consists of an up to 48-metre (157ft) long mound of gritstones and glacial erratics up to 0.4 metres (1ft 4in) high, with a single internal chamber about 4.5 by 1 metre (14.8 by 3.3ft) made of stone slabs.[125]
Remains of a quarry and alum works operated between 1609 and the end of the 18th century, south of Alum House Brook. Established by Sir Richard Hoghton of Hoghton Tower, the operation was of sufficient importance that King James I visited the mines in 1617. It is the only surviving example of an alum site from this period in north west England.[126]
A small, possibly Iron Age, hillfort also known as Planes Wood Camp is on a slight promontory to the east of the River Calder. The summit is flat, possibly artificially levelled, over an irregularly shaped area measuring approximately 165 by 110 metres (541 by 361ft). The defences have generally not survived well, but it is thought to be a univallate site, with a least one entrance on the northern side, subsequently modified to become multivallate. In 1966, workmen digging a trench here, discovered a hoard of nine Bronze Age artefacts including a gold bracelet and lock ring.[127]
Prehistoric defended enclosure and six adjacent hut circles at Tatham Park
On a small hillock between the River Wenning and its tributary the Hindburn is a defended enclosure thought to date to between the seventh and fifth centuries BC. The roughly oval main enclosure is about 70 by 50 metres (230ft ×160ft) and is subdivided by an up to 1.5-metre (4ft 11in) high linear bank 2–3 metres (6ft 7in– 9ft 10in) wide. There are six hut circles outside the enclosure, with a 0.5-metre (1ft 8in) deep defensive ditch between 4 and 14 metres (13 and 46ft) wide surrounding the base of the hillock on all sides except the south where a small stream runs.[128]
Prehistoric, Romano-British, medieval and early post-medieval settlements
Across Leck Beck from Castle Hill prehistoric settlement is an extensive area of archaeological remains, the ages of which span a period of approximately 4500 years. East of Bindloss Farm, on both sides of Eller Beck, and crossing over the border with Cumbria, the area contains: nine burial cairns (late Neolithic/early Bronze Age), two prehistoric hut circle settlements, a coaxial type field system of similar age. There are also nine Romano-British settlements, seven medieval dispersed settlements, three medieval shielings, and an early-post-medieval dispersed settlement. Many of the settlements have associated field systems and the area was also within an early-15th-century deer park called High Park.[129]
Coke ovens at Aspen Valley Colliery, Oswaldtwistle
A colliery on the Burnley Coalfield, thought to have been established after this section of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal opened in 1810, and closed in 1930. Alongside the canal are 24 brick and stone built beehive coking ovens arranged in three banks and a partially filled 21.3-by-4.3-metre (70 by 14ft)canal basin. There are also the remains of two capped mineshafts and two stone-built engine beds. The coke ovens are said to be the best preserved 19th-century example in North West England.[130][131]
In 1811 Dolphinholme Worsted Mill, on the banks of the River Wyre, was one of the first mills in England to be lit by gas. It is thought to be the oldest gas plant or gas work remains known to survive in the world. The listing covers the gas plant and also chimney, mill race and waterwheel pit.[132]
On the north bank of the River Ribble, the Roman fort here covered an area of about 2.4 hectares (5.9 acres), but the south-east third has since been eroded by the river. Today St Wilfrid's Church stands at about the centre of it. The earliest fort was established in the early 70s AD, made of turf and timber. It was rebuilt in stone at the end of the century and a substantial vicus developed around it, covering almost the same area as the modern village. The most substantial stone-built construction so far discovered outside the fort is the Roman baths. The site is home to the only specialist Roman Museum in Lancashire.[133][134][135]
25 metres (82ft) east of Ell Clough, close to the saucer barrow, is a ring cairn also thought to date from the Bronze Age. The slightly oval circle of stones formed a ring bank approximately 17.6 by 16.8 metres (58 by 55ft). Hollows at the centre of the ring are the site of an archaeological excavation, undertaken in 1887, during which an interment urn was removed from beneath a flagstone.[136]
A short distance south west of Hell Clough on Slipper Hill, is a ring cairn thought to date from the Bronze Age. The slightly oval circle of stones formed a ring bank approximately 11.7 by 10.4 metres (38 by 34ft). Only six stones survive today, the largest of which is 0.45 metres (1ft 6in) wide and protrudes just 0.2 metres (7.9in) above the surface. A limited excavavation, undertaken in 1887, found human remains.[137]
Burrow Hall was built in the 18th century on the site of Over Burrow Roman Fort. A timber fort was established here probably in the late 1st century (during the Flavian dynasty) but little is known about it. Archaeological excavation of the clay-and-turf ramparts and defensive ditches also suggests a second period of occupation at a so far undetermined time. Probably in the late 3rd or early 4th century, a stone-built fort was constructed, apparently on a slightly different alignment. The fort had a rectangular plan with rounded corners, about 143 by 136 metres (470 by 445ft) with an area of c.1.9 hectares (4.75 acres). A civil settlement is thought to have developed to the west, between the fort and the River Lune. The hall is a GradeI listed building.[138][139][140]
A Roman auxiliary fort with at least two construction phases and connecting roads. Finds from limited archaeological excavation indicate that the site was occupied, probably in the late 1st century. The stone-built fort had a rectangular plan with rounded corners, about 155 by 160 metres (509 by 525ft) with an area of c.2.5–3 hectares (6.2–7.4 acres). An approximately 0.5 hectares (1.2 acres) enclosure overlaying the east rampart is thought to represent a second period of occupation.[141]
20 metres (66ft) north-east of Fairyhill Cottage is the site of two Roman pottery kilns. One is an oval, stone-built, tile kiln, with its 1.4-metre (4ft 7in) high rear wall embedded into the hillside and the floor about 1.8 by 2.4 metres (5ft 11in ×7ft 10in). The second kiln has an approximately 2.0-metre (6ft 7in) diameter. After excavation in the early 1970s, when pottery from the period 80―170 AD was discovered, the first was left exposed while the other has been covered over.[142][143]
A Roman Milestone on the line of the Roman road north from Ribchester fort (Margary 7c / RR 7c), 150 metres (490ft) south-east of Overtown Farm. Made of stone, it has a cylindrical shaft now only approximately 0.61 metres (2ft) high and any inscription is no longer visible.[144][145]
Near Walves Reservoir, Bury Road briefly follows part of the line of the Roman road south from Ribchester fort (Margary 7b / RR 7b), the two deviating at Bottom o' th' Knotts Brow. The exposed section of the Roman road at this junction is protected by an entry on the schedule.[146][147]
Winery Lane
Roman settlement and industrial area at Winery Lane
At Walton-le-Dale, a Roman settlement and industrial area where the River Darwen joins the River Ribble. The site is on the route of the western Roman main road north from Wigan (Margary 70c / RR 70c), which continues on to Lancaster (Margary 70d / RR 70d). Its purpose is still not fully understood, but the foundations of many large buildings, apparently reconstructed several times over the centuries, have been discovered. Along with evidence of iron-working and pottery production and the site of a possible Roman villa.[148][149][150][151]
The summit of Mellor Moor was the location of a Roman signal station with the site providing extensive views, especially towards the fort at Ribchester (Bremetennacum). A building platform approximately 19 by 10 metres (62 by 33ft), surrounded by a ditch and bank, is thought to have contained a central tower possibly originally constructed of wood and later replaced by a stone structure. Limited archaeological excavations have dated the construction to around 80 AD. A trig point at the western side is also included in the scheduling.[152]
375 metres (1,230ft) ENE of Collingholme is the site of a settlement enclosure thought to date to the Roman period. The sub-rectangular enclosure contains five hut circles, the largest about 20 metres (66ft) in diameter, along with a smaller enclosure, perhaps a stock pen. It has a turf-covered, rubble bank 1 to 1.5 metres (3ft 3in to 4ft 11in) high and 4 to 5 metres (13 to 16ft) wide, along the north and south sides. The east side has been cut into the hillslope and the west end is less clearly defined.[153]
230 metres (750ft) east of Manor Farm is a round cairn thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is an up to 0.7-metre (2ft 4in) high, 19.5-by-31-metre (64 by 102ft) oval mound of turf covered stones.[154]
In the West Craven area historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 230 metres (750ft) west of the Bleara Lowe round cairn, is another, also thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 23-metre (75ft) by 21-metre (69ft) oval mound of peat and heather-covered stones up to 1.2 metres (3ft 11in) high.[155]
On Hameldon Pasture, close to the bowl barrow, is a round cairn thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 13-metre (43ft) wide, circular mound of earth and stones up to 0.3 metres (1ft 0in) high. Hollows at the centre of the barrow are the site of an archaeological excavation, undertaken in 1843, during which an interment urn was discovered.[156]
On the northern side of the summit of Noon Hill is a round cairn, thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 21-by-19-metre (69 by 62ft) oval mound of stones and earth up to 1.3 metres (4ft 3in) high. Believed to have had a surrounding kerb of gritstone boulders, today only three can be seen of the south side of the cairn. There is another nearby on Winter Hill.[157]
At the summit of Parlick Pike in the Forest of Bowland, there is a Bronze Age round cairn. It consists of a circular mound of mainly turf covered stones up to 1.4 metres (4ft 7in) high and 17 metres (56ft) in diameter.[158]
On the eastern slope of Summerhouse Hill, toward the summit, is a round cairn, thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a turf-covered, 12.5-by-9.4-metre (41 by 31ft) oval mound of limestone rubble and earth up to 0.6 metres (2ft 0in) high, with a surrounding kerb of limestone blocks. An excavation undertaken in 1778, has left a 0.3-metre (1ft 0in) deep, 2.5-metre (8ft 2in) diameter circular depression at the centre of the cairn.[159]
430 metres (1,410ft) east of Meg Hall, at a local high point on Thornley Hall Fell, is a round cairn, thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 36-metre (118ft) diameter circular mound of stones and earth up to 0.5 metres (1ft 8in) high. The cairn has been disturbed on the northern side and a pile of loose stones dumped on it.[160]
On the northern side of the summit plateau of Winter Hill is a round cairn, thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a 19.2-metre (63ft) circular mound of stones and earth up to 0.3 metres (1ft 0in) high, with a surrounding kerb about 0.4 metres (1ft 4in) high. Analysis of pollen retrieved during an excavation in the 1950s, suggests it was constructed between 1600 and 1400 BC. There is another nearby on Noon Hill.[161]
A bowl barrow thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. It is a 73-metre (240ft) by 66-metre (217ft) oval mound, constructed of earth and small stones to a height of 3.6 to 5.5 metres (12 to 18ft).[162]
A medieval moated site at Longshaw Wood. The now tree covered 30-by-25-metre (98ft ×82ft) island and the surrounding moat 5–10 metres (16–33ft) wide and 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) deep, with access causeways on two sides.[163]
90 metres (300ft) east of Ell Clough is a saucer barrow thought to date from the Bronze Age. The approximately 0.4-metre (1ft 4in) high and 14-metre (46ft) wide, circular mound of earth and stones is surrounded by an approximately 1.5-metre (4ft 11in) wide ditch up to 0.2 metres (7.9in) deep. An outer bank flanks the ditch, about 2.5 metres (8ft 2in) wide and up to 1 metre (3ft 3in) high. A circular hollow at the centre of the mound is the site of an archaeological excavation, undertaken in 1887.[164]
A Cistercian abbey operated here from 1149 until 1536, founded by William de Percy, originally as a colony of Newminster Abbey. As with Whalley, the last abbot was executed for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace. The most visible remains today are the ruins of the church and attached buildings, which still retains walls standing up to 8 metres (26ft) high. It is also a GradeI listed building.[165]
A medieval holy well a short distance north of Scarisbrick Park wayside cross. Before to the construction of the park wall the well would have been accessible from both the road and the medieval wayside cross, for the benefit of travellers.[166]
A medieval wayside cross a short distance south of Scarisbrick Park holy well, on the edge of Scarisbrick Park. It is about 1.7 metres (5ft 7in) tall and 0.3 metres (1ft 0in) thick. and all of the cross arms have been partly damaged. It marked the route between Scarisbrick and Ormskirk.[167]
On the eastern slope of Sellet Bank near the River Lune is a defended enclosure thought to date to between the seventh and fifth centuries BC. The sub-circular enclosure is approximately 52 by 50 metres (171ft ×164ft). On the western side a steep slope has been formed by the enclosure having been cut into the hillside and on the south side there is a single 0.3-metre (1ft 0in) high bank approximately 6 metres (20ft) wide perhaps with a ditch. The northern and eastern sides have double banks separated by about 6 metres (20ft), the inner measuring up to 0.4 metres (1ft 4in) high and 6–9 metres (20–30ft) wide, the outer measuring up to 0.8 metres (2ft 7in) high and 4–8 metres (13–26ft) wide.[168]
Newsholme was mentioned in the Domesday Book but little is known of the old hall's history. Next to the Ribble, north-west of Castle Haugh and next to Demesne Farm, the site now has shallow ditches around a level earth area 80 by 100 metres (260 by 330ft), containing the hall's foundations.[169][170]
This bridge over the River Lune was designed by Thomas Harrison and was completed in 1787. It consists of five shallow semi-elliptical arches with semicircular cutwaters, and was the first major public bridge in England to have a flat deck. The east end has been altered to make a passage for a railway which opened in 1849. It is also a GradeII* listed building.[171][172]
About 80 metres (260ft) east of the summit of Delf Hill there is a small stone circle, thought to date from the late Neolithic to the middle Bronze Age. Seven stones, some of which are still standing, have been arranged in a 7-metre (23ft) circle. In the centre is a 0.2-metre (7.9in) high, 2.4-metre (7ft 10in) diameter cairn surrounded by a shallow ditch. Limited archaeological excavation on the cairn was undertaken in 1842, during which three interment urns were discovered.[173]
At the north end of the village is a position for a 'Blacker Bombard' anti-tank 29mm spigot mortar dating to World War II. It comprises two 3-metre (9.8ft) diameter sunken firing emplacements, each with a concrete thimble to mount the weapon and a ready-use ammunition locker, along with an Anderson shelter style store. Only a handful of these emplacements are known to exist in the North West.[174]
On the headland above St Peter's Church is the ruin of an earlier chapel, dedicated to Saint Patrick, itself built over the foundations of an even older building. The scheduling also includes the cemetery, with six rock-cut graves to the west of the chapel and a further two to the south east. Excavations at the site suggest it has been a Christian place of worship since possibly the 8th century.[175][176]
In the valley of Stock Beck, north of Barnoldswick, was a settlement of unknown age, thought to have been abandoned during the 14th century. Evendence remains of enclosures or paddocks, hollow ways, house platforms, allotments or crofts, and wells. To the south, a communal, medieval open-field system spreads over Hawber Hill, which is topped by a square building platform. The site is unusual as it appears not to have a defined form and seems to represent a less structured, piecemeal development.[179]
On the summit of Summerhouse Hill there is a stone circle, thought to date from the late Neolithic to the middle Bronze Age. Four stones remain, arranged in a 140-metre (460ft) circle, their sizes 1.3–1.6 metres (4ft 3in– 5ft 3in) high by 2.1–3.3 metres (6ft 11in– 10ft 10in) long by 0.9–1.8 metres (2ft 11in– 5ft 11in) wide. A further 13 small hollows have been located, thought to be the socket holes of stones which previously formed part of the circle. There are also two outlying stones situated to the east and west. The circle was largely surrounded by a ditch, except on the eastern side.[180]
Cheetham Close
Stone circle, ring cairn and two round cairns on Cheetham Close
Mining at Thieveley commenced shortly after lead was discovered here in 1627, but is only thought to have continued for about a decade, with parts of the area reworked for another short period sometime after 1753. The original smeltmill is believed to have utilised foot-powered bellows, but was soon superseded by a larger mill at the bottom of the valley. The eastern end of the site, 330 metres (1,080ft) south-west of Buckleys, includes several shafts, an ore processing area and the buried remains of the early smelt mill. 910 metres (2,990ft) WSW of Buckleys, close to Black Clough there is another a shaft, a leat, and the remains of a buddle.[182]
In the churchyard of St Mary's Church are three decorated pre-Norman cross shafts thought to date to the early 11th century. They are constructed of local sandstone with the tallest being approximately 2.9 metres (9ft 6in). Less than 50 high crosses survive in England and, although partly weathered and damaged, they have survived reasonably well and as a group are unparalleled in Lancashire.[183]
On top of a small hill to the north east of Torrisholme is a bowl barrow thought to date from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. It is a flat topped 32-metre (105ft) circular mound, constructed of earth and small stones to a height of up to 2.3 metres (7ft 7in). A trig point on the barrow is also included in the scheduling.[184]
At the western end of Twist Hill, with extensive views over the surrounding area. An earth and stone rampart surviving up to 1 metre (3ft 3in) high, around a rectangular farmstead enclosure about 44 by 40 metres (144 by 131ft), with an entrance on the eastern side. There would also have been an outer ditch but little trace now remains. Attached to the south eastern side of the enclosure, next to the entrance, is a c.18-metre (59ft) square annexe also with an earth and stone wall.[185]
On the roadside, 250 metres (820ft) east of Twiston Mill, is a disused 19th-century lime kiln and the earthwork remains of a short tramway from the adjacent quarry. The single-pot, draw hole type kiln is about 7 metres (23ft) high with a segmental draw arch approximately 2 metres (6ft 7in) high and 4 metres (13ft) wide. To the south west c.30-metre (98ft) long embankment carried the tramway up to the 6-metre (20ft) diameter charge hole on top of the kiln.[186]
Ring Stones Camp
Two Romano-British farmsteads known as Ring Stones
South of Twist Castle, across Swinden Water, Ring Stones Camp is the site of two Romano-British farmsteads, a later one built partially over the earlier. The older farmstead was about 50 metres (160ft) square and part of the flanking ditch is still faintly visible. Some time after a replacement was constructed offset and less square, the earth and stone rampart surviving up to 0.5 metres (1ft 8in) high, with a 3-metre (9.8ft) wide outer ditch of similar depth. The enclosure measuring 48 by 33 by 39 by 37 metres (157 by 108 by 128 by 121ft), with entrances on the east and west sides. Attached to the north eastern side of the enclosure, is a c.10-metre (33ft) square annexe also with an earth and stone wall, utilising part of the earlier farmstead.[187]
Univallate prehistoric defended enclosure, hollow way and secondary enclosure
Overlooking the River Lune, 250 metres (820ft) north of Claughton Hall is a D-shaped univallate defended enclosure c.58 by 57 metres (190ft ×187ft) across, surrounded by an up to 9-metre (30ft) ditch and bank. An oval terraced area at the centre of the enclosure is thought to be a hut circle or hut platform. An entrance in the north-west side aligns with a 10–15-metre (33–49ft) wide hollow way which descends the hill. On the west side of the enclosure is a 70-by-45-metre (230ft ×148ft) sub-rectangular secondary enclosure also with a slight ditch.[188]
On either side of Everage Clough, 450 metres (1,480ft) north-east of New Copy Farm, is a medieval rabbit-breeding warren. It consists of eight pillow mounds, the longest 20.7 metres (68ft), each surrounded by a shallow ditch. No records are known to exist about the warren, but it is presumed to be connected with Towneley Hall a little way to the north-east.[190]
The summit of the hill is the site an ancient, approximately 3.2-hectare (7.9-acre) enclosure. It was defended by rock scarps and steep slopes to the south and west with triple stone ramparts forming an arc on the other sides. The scheduling classifies it as a small Iron Agemultivallatehillfort,[191] however in 2016, research by Historic England proposed that the structure was instead a non-defensive in nature, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age.[192]
Across the street from St Oswald's Church are the ruins of an early 14th-century stone house that was formerly the rectory. It was a ruin by 1721, but considered to be well preserved with the gables surviving to almost full height. It is also a GradeI listed building.[193][194]
Whalley Bridge spans the River Calder and its core is thought to be ancient. First mentioned in 1317, in 1634 an order to rebuild the bridge was made. A major overhaul was completed in 1917 when it was widened on both sides and the traditional pointed cutwaters replaced with rounded ones.[195][196]
In 1296 the Cistercian monks from the unfortunate Stanlow Abbey moved to this site, next to the River Calder. Construction of the abbey slowly continued through 12th and 13th centuries, and it was dissolved at the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Like Sawley, the last abbot was executed for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Afterward a large house was built on the site and many of the abbey's buildings were demolished, however remains of the two gateways, the north wall, the east and south ranges of the cloister, the abbot's lodging, and a chapel survive. It is also a GradeI listed building.[197]
St Michael's Church has been constructed within the bailey of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle, overlooking the floodplain of the River Lune. The oval-shaped motte survives within the churchyard, its diameter approximately 52 metres (171ft) at the base and it is 3.6 metres (12ft) high. There are burials on the motte and it is surmounted by a sundial. The castle was one of several similar fortifications along the Lune valley. The church, sundial and graves are all excluded from the schedule.[198]
The ruins of a manor house and associated farm, on the north bank of the River Blakewater downstream of the Feniscliffe Bridge in the south-west corner of Witton Country Park. The building is believed to date from around to 1544, however as the manor (part of the Honour of Clitheroe) dates to the 13th century, the site could contain earlier remains.[199][200]
Also called the Clam Bridge, it is formed from a single 3.65-metre (12ft) slab of millstone grit. It spans Wycoller Beck, supported by rudimentary piers in each bank. The bridge is not possible to accurately age, it could be over 1,000 years old, but a 15th- or 16th-century date is more probable. It is also a GradeII* listed building.[201][202][203][204]
Wycoller Hall dates back to the end of the 16th century, and was extended several times. The Cunliffe family settled at the estate in the early 17th century and after the last member of the family died, heavily endebted, in 1819 it was abandoned as a residence. It is also a GradeII* listed building.[205][206][207]
Also known as Druids’ Bridge or Weavers’ Bridge. It is a basic clapper bridge structure of two big gritstone slabs supported by a central pier and the banks of Wycoller Beck. Also undateable, it may have been originally constructed in the 16th or 17th century. To repair the bridge after a fracture of the eastern clapper, an additional pier has been added. It is also GradeII* listed.[201][202][208][209]
Double-arched packhorse bridge over Wycoller Beck, from the 17th century or earlier. Also known as Sally's Bridge (named after a member of the Cunliffe family who lived in Wycoller Hall in the 1900s). It is also a GradeII* listed building.[201][210][211]
There are 37 scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building that has been given protection against unauthorised change by being placed on a list by the Secretary of State for Digital Culture, Media and Sport; Historic England recommends sites for scheduling to the Secretary of State. Scheduled monuments are defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the National Heritage Act 1983. There are nearly 20,000 entries on the schedule, which is maintained by Historic England as part of the National Heritage List for England; more than one site can be included in a single entry. While a scheduled monument can also be recognised as a listed building, Historic England's aim is to set the most appropriate form of protection in place for the building or site. Applications to deschedule a site are administered Historic England, who will carry out an assessment and make a recommendation to the Secretary of State.
Briercliffe is a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England. It is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Burnley. The parish contains suburbs of Burnley, and the rural area north east of the town. Hamlets in the parish include Cockden, Lane Bottom and in the Extwistle area, the tiny hamlet of Roggerham. According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish has a population of 4,031.
There are over 670 scheduled monuments in the ceremonial county of Somerset in South West England. The county consists of a non-metropolitan county, administered by Somerset County Council, which is divided into five districts, and two unitary authorities. The districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somerset, Taunton Deane, Mendip and Sedgemoor. The two administratively independent unitary authorities, which were established on 1 April 1996 following the breakup of the county of Avon, are North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset. These unitary authorities include areas that were once part of Somerset before the creation of Avon in 1974.
This is a list of scheduled monuments in Staffordshire, a county in England.
This is a list of scheduled monuments in the district of Amber Valley in the English county of Derbyshire.
This is a list of scheduled monuments in the district of Derbyshire Dales in the English county of Derbyshire.
This is a list of scheduled monuments in the district of High Peak in the English county of Derbyshire.
This is a list of scheduled monuments in the district of North East Derbyshire in the English county of Derbyshire.
This is a list of scheduled monuments in the district of South Derbyshire in the English county of Derbyshire.
There are 588 scheduled monuments in the county of Lincolnshire, England. These protected sites date in some cases from the Neolithic period, and include barrows, artillery forts, ruined abbeys, castles, and Iron Age hill forts. In the United Kingdom, the scheduling of monuments was first initiated to ensure the preservation of "nationally important" archaeological sites and historic buildings. Protection is given to scheduled monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.
References
Notes
1 2 3 This row contains two entries on the official schedule list.
↑ Charlesworth, Dorothy (1965). "A Roman milestone near Overtown, Lancs"(PDF). Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society. 65: 427. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
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