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This local electoral calendar for 2017 lists the subnational elections held in 2017 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referendums are also included.
By-elections, also spelled bye-elections, are used to fill elected offices that have become vacant between general elections.
The Japanese political process has three types of elections: general elections to the House of Representatives held every four years, elections to the House of Councillors held every three years to choose one-half of its members, and local elections held every four years for offices in prefectures, cities, and villages. Elections are supervised by election committees at each administrative level under the general direction of the Central Election Administration Committee, an attached organization to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC). The minimum voting age in Japan's non-compulsory electoral system was reduced from twenty to eighteen years in June 2016. Voters must satisfy a three-month residency requirement before being allowed to cast a ballot.
Elections in Indonesia have taken place since 1955 to elect a legislature. At a national level, Indonesian people did not elect a head of state – the president – until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the 560-member People's Representative Council and the 128-seat Regional Representative Council.
There are six types of elections in the United Kingdom: elections to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elections to devolved parliaments and assemblies, elections to the European Parliament, local elections, mayoral elections and Police and Crime Commissioner elections. Within each of those categories, there may be by-elections as well as general elections. Elections are held on Election Day, which is conventionally a Thursday. Since the passing of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 for general elections, all six types of elections are held after fixed periods, though early elections to parliament and the devolved assemblies and parliaments can occur in certain situations. Currently, six electoral systems are used: the single member plurality system, the multi member plurality system, party-list proportional representation, the single transferable vote, the additional member system and the supplementary vote.
India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India, which defines the power distribution between the union, or central, government and the states.
This local electoral calendar for the year 2011 lists the subnational elections held in 2011 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referenda are also included.
The 17th unified local elections in Japan took place in April 2011. In the first phase on April 10, 2011 12 governors, 41 prefectural assemblies as well as five mayors and 15 assemblies in cities designated by government ordinance were elected. In the second phase on April 24, 2011 mayors and/or assemblies in hundreds of cities, cities of Tokyo, towns and villages were up for election. Additionally, a by-election for the National Diet was held in Aichi on April 24.
This local electoral calendar for the year 2012 lists the subnational elections held in 2012 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referenda are also included.
This local electoral calendar for 2013 lists the subnational elections held in 2013 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referenda are also included.
This local electoral calendar for 2015 lists the subnational elections held in 2015 in de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referenda are also included.
This local electoral calendar for 2014 lists the subnational elections held in 2014 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referenda are also included.
This local electoral calendar for 2016 lists the subnational elections held in 2016 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referenda are also included.
This local electoral calendar for 2018 lists the subnational elections to be held in 2018 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referendums are also included.
This local electoral calendar for 2019 lists the subnational elections to be held in 2019 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referendums are also included.