Mandurah railway line

Mandurah railway line
Mandurah line in the median of the Kwinana Freeway in Como
Overview
Other name(s)	Mandurah Line
Owner	Public Transport Authority
Termini	Perth Mandurah
Continues from	Joondalup railway line
Stations	12
Service
Type	Commuter rail
System	Transperth
Operator(s)	Transperth Trains
Rolling stock	Transperth B-series trains
Ridership	14,856,023 (year to June 2021)
History
Opened	23 December 2007
Technical
Line length	70.1 km (43.6 mi)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification	25 kV 50 Hz AC from catenary
Route map Legend continues to Joondalup line Perth Elizabeth Quay (formerly Esplanade) Swan River Canning Bridge Canning River Bull Creek Murdoch Cockburn Central Aubin Grove Kwinana Wellard Rockingham Warnbro Karnup (planned) Lakelands (planned) Mandurah This diagram: view talk edit

The Mandurah railway line (officially Mandurah Line) is a commuter railway service on the Transperth Trains network in Western Australia that runs from Perth south to the state's second largest city Mandurah. The service is operated by Transperth Train Operations, a division of the Public Transport Authority. The line is 70.1 kilometres (43.6 mi) long and has 12 stations. At its northern end, the line (travelling south) begins as a continuation of the Joondalup line at Perth Underground, and (travelling north) ends as a continuation of the Joondalup line at Elizabeth Quay. The first 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) of the line is underground, passing under the Perth central business district. The line surfaces and enters the median of the Kwinana Freeway just north of the Swan River. It continues south down the freeway's median for 30 kilometres (19 mi), before veering south-west towards Rockingham. The final stretch of the line goes south from Rockingham to Mandurah.

Planning for a railway line to Mandurah began in the early 1990s, during the construction of the Joondalup Line. The first route proposed was an extension of the Fremantle Line to Mandurah. The preferred route was later changed to a spur off the Armadale Line at Kenwick. Following a change in state government in 2001, the route was changed again, this time to a direct route along the Kwinana Freeway south of Perth. The first contracts for the construction of the line were signed in 2002, and construction began in March 2004. The underground portion of the line, between Perth and Esplanade station, was the first section to open. It began operating on 15 October 2007. The rest of the line opened on 23 December 2007. Since opening, one new station along the line has opened, and another new station has begun construction. The line is set to gain a new connection in 2024, when the Thornlie Line is extended to Cockburn Central station.

Trains take 51 minutes to get from Perth Underground to Mandurah station. The line is the busiest on the Transperth network, with 14,856,023 boardings in the 2020–21 financial year, and 20,900,819 boardings in the 2018–19 financial year. Headways are at least every 15 minutes during the day, rising to every 5 minutes on parts during peak time. ^[1]

History

Proposals and planning

In the early 1990s, Westrail was asked by the Government of Western Australia to commence planning for an extension of Perth's rail system from Fremantle to Mandurah. After some planning, the responsibility for more planning was transferred from Westrail to the Department of Transport. In February 1992, Carmen Lawrence, the Premier of Western Australia, provided an in-principle commitment to build a railway line from Fremantle to Mandurah, via Rockingham. ^{[2] [3] [4] : 1}

A range of options were assessed by the South West Area Transit (SWAT) Steering Committee, including trams, and heavy rail, like the existing Perth rail system. ^{[4] : 1  [5]} Independently of this committee, Westrail was asked by the Department of Planning and Urban Development to investigate doing a direct route for a railway from Perth to Mandurah, instead of via Fremantle. The direct route was to pass through the emerging regional centre of Thomsons Lake, ^{[4] : 1} which is now known as Cockburn Central.

In January 1993, the government announced that the preferred solution was for the line to consist of heavy rail, and go via Fremantle. The line was planned to open as far south as Rockingham in 1996, and to Mandurah by 2001. ^[5] Following a change in government in 1993 from the Labor party to the Liberal party, the government put aside the immediate plans for the railway, saying that it was far too expensive, and too soon after the Joondalup railway line was built. ^[6]

Later, a route branching off from the Armadale railway line at Kenwick became the preferred route. That route had the railway follow the Kwinana freight railway until the Kwinana Freeway; then the railway would follow the freeway, either on the west side or in the median, veering away from the freeway towards Rockingham, and then south to Mandurah. In December 1994, the land for the railway via Kenwick was reserved in the Metropolitan Region Scheme. ^{[4] : 2} The land for the railway was also reserved in the planned Peel Region Scheme. ^[7] This scheme was eventually gazetted on 23 October 2002. ^[8]

On 14 August 1995, premier Richard Court confirmed the government's intention to built the railway from Perth to Mandurah, via the Armadale line. The railway was planned to be staged, with the first section from Kenwick to Jandakot planned to open within 10 years, and cost $150 million. He said the entire line would cost $570 million. ^{[7] [9]}

In April 1997, Cabinet approved the preparation of a master plan. Preparation of the master plan started in late 1997. It was overseen by a steering committee, which consisted of various transport, planning, environmental and treasury government officials. The master plan's purposes included: ^[7]

• Finalising the railway's route
• Establishing the feasibility of the railway
• Creating patronage estimates, and deciding on the location and type of railway stations
• Detailing the operation of the line
• Ensuring the railway meets environmental requirements
• Calculation of the cost of the project
• Detailing possible sources of funding
• Preparation of enabling legislation
• Detailing the requirements of rolling stock

The master plan, called the South West Metropolitan Railway (SWMP) Master Plan, was endorsed by the state government in March 1999. ^{[4] : 2} In the master plan, the following stations were planned to be built initially, from north to south: ^{[10] : 45}

• Thornlie station
• Nicholson Road station
• Canning Vale station
• South Lake station
• Thomsons Lake station
• Thomas Road station
• Leda station
• Rockingham transit station (direct route through Rockingham)
• Ennis Avenue station (loop through Rockingham)
• Rockingham City station (loop through Rockingham)
• Waikiki station
• Mandurah terminus station

Significant changes to Perth station would have also been required under this plan, and station upgrades and level crossing grade separations along the Armadale line were planned too. ^[10] In April 2000, an expanded version of the SWMR Master Plan was released by the government. ^{[4] : 2}

The Railway (Northern and Southern Urban Extensions) Act, which enabled the construction of the Mandurah line via Kenwick, passed the Western Australian Parliament in November 1999. ^{[11] [12] : 1}

However, following a change in State Government in 2001, a bill was passed that saw the route altered to start at Perth station, travel through a 1.6-kilometre (1.0 mi) tunnel, ^[13] traverse the Kwinana Freeway, and then continue along its initial route after Jandakot. ^[14] This second route was much more direct, and allowed through services with the Joondalup line; however it was more costly. ^{[15] [16] [17]} The new route had a 20% faster journey time from Mandurah station to Perth, and a 40% faster journey time from Thomsons Lake to Perth. It also had a higher projected patronage, with 24,950 passengers per day projected, as opposed to 19,100 for the route via Kenwick. The new route also meant that there is a higher maximum capacity for each line, as there are no tracks with multiple lines limiting maximum capacity. It also provided an opportunity for a new station at the south end of the Perth CBD, closer to the offices on St Georges Terrace. ^{[12] : 6} The route included the following stations: ^{[4] : viii}

• William Street (Perth) station
• Esplanade station
• Canning Bridge station
• Leach Highway station
• South Street (Murdoch) station
• Thomsons Lake station
• Thomas Road station
• Leda station
• Rockingham station
• Waikiki station
• Mandurah station

South Lake station was along the new alignment, but was relegated to being built in the future. Leda station was budgeted for, but was planned on opening later than the other stations. Thornlie, Nicholson Road and Canning Vale stations were removed from the plan as they were along the Kwinana freight railway alignment. ^{[4] : viii}

This decision also led to the relocation of the Rockingham station from the city centre to the outer edge in order to offset the additional costs of the Perth section. The original route included tunnels to bring the railway into the Rockingham CBD. As a trade-off for relocating Rockingham station to the outer edge, the State Government promised a light rail link to the Rockingham CBD. This was later revised to a Central Area Transit style bus service partly within a dedicated busway. As part of the work, the Narrows and Mount Henry Bridges were rebuilt. ^{[18] [19]}

Detailed planning and construction

The design and construction of the project was split up into eight packages. They are as follows:

Package	Value [20] : 301–313	Scope [20] : 301–313
A	$310 million	Drainage, earthworks, tracks, traction power network from Mandurah to the Narrows Bridge Roadworks, bridges and underpasses from Mandurah to Glen Iris Signalling and communications for the entire line Mandurah railcar depot
B	$32 million	Cockburn Central, Kwinana and Wellard stations
C	$38 million	Rockingham, Warnbro and Mandurah stations
D	$32 million	Canning Bridge, Bull Creek and Murdoch stations
E	$105 million	Roadworks along the Kwinana Freeway, including new bridges, barriers, and modification of the existing bridges
F	$324.5 million	Tunnelling, Perth Underground station, Esplanade station, connection to the rest of the rail network
G	$10.6 million	New train control system
H		Various minor works

All of these packages were managed by New MetroRail, except for Package E, which was managed by Main Roads Western Australia. New MetroRail was a division of the Public Transport Authority set up to manage extensions to Perth's rail network in the 2000s.

The first contracts were awarded in April 2002: the contract for designing Package B was awarded to Woodhead International Architects, at a cost of $2.1 million; and the contract for designing Package C was awarded to Jones Coulter Young Pty Ltd, at a cost of $2.5 million. ^{[12] : 6} Woodhead recruited MPS Architects to do part of the design work for Package B; and Jones Coulter Young recruited Taylor Robinson Architects to do part of the design work for Mandurah and Warnbro stations. ^{[20] : 301–3} The $9.7 million design contract for Package A was awarded to Maunsell SKM Joint Venture in September 2002, and the $3.1 million design contract for Package D was awarded to Woodhead International Architects and MPS Architects in October 2002. ^{[12] : 6} Woodhead designed Bull Creek and Canning Bridge stations, and MPS designed Murdoch station. ^{[20] : 305}

The Railway (Jandakot to Perth) Act passed parliament on 27 November 2002, and received royal assent on 5 December 2002, enabling the construction of the railway between Perth and Jandakot to begin. ^{[12] : 1}

In order to manage the expansion of Perth's rail network in the 2000s, the Western Australian Government Railways Commission (later the Public Transport Authority) formed the New MetroRail division. This division managed the construction of the Mandurah line, as well as an extension to the Joondalup line, and upgrades along the Armadale line. ^{[12] : 1}

Expressions of interest for the construction of Package F closed on 16 April 2003. The five proponents that applied were City Connect (joint venture between Clough, McConnell Dowell and Obayashi); Bilfinger Berger–Baulderstone Hornibrook; Leighton–Kumagai Gumi Team; Multiplex–John Holland–Tyco Group; and Henry Walker Eltin–Bouygues. ^[21] City Connect and Leighton–Kumagai Gumi Team were shortlisted on 29 May 2003. The request for proposals began on 16 June 2003, and the detailed submissions from each consortia were due on 18 September 2003. ^{[22] : 2}

In July 2003, the Environmental Protection Authority submitted a Public Environmental Review to the Minister for Environment, Judy Edwards. She approved the environmental review on 14 November 2003. ^[23]

Expressions of interest for the construction of the three station packages, packages B, C and D, opened in September 2003, and closed on 30 October. ^{[24] [25]}

In December 2003, Cabinet decided to award the construction contract for Package E to Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd, and the construction contract for Package F to Leighton-Kumagai Gumi Team. The completion date of the entire line to Mandurah was also brought forward to December 2006. ^[26] Leighton Contractors had been selected as the preferred proponent for Package E, ^[27] and Leighton-Kumagai Gumi Team had been selected as the preferred proponent for Package F in October 2003. ^{[28] : 3}

Transperth B-series train passing across the Narrows Bridge

The contract for the design and construction of Package E was signed on 14 January 2004. This package consisted of all the roadworks along the Kwinana Freeway. This included construction of a new bridge between the two existing Narrows Bridges, for the southbound tracks. The northbound tracks were built on the existing northbound road bridge, which had to be strengthened to withstand the weight of a train. The Mount Henry Bridge had to have a new bridge for northbound road traffic built next to the existing bridge. The existing bridge was strengthened, for railway tracks to go across it. Existing bridges along the Kwinana Freeway had to have various modifications, including pier strengthening and protection. The freeway had to undergo minor realignment in parts, so that the railway could fit. The layout of onramps and offramps at Leach Highway and South Street had to be changed, as that was where Bull Creek and Murdoch stations were to be built respectively. ^{[20] : 307}

Package E also included the construction of the railway formation layer along the Kwinana Freeway, construction of drainage along that section, construction of concrete barriers between the freeway and the railway, and construction of noise walls along some stretches. It also included the moving of the bus bridge that goes from Canning Highway to the freeway northbound 9.5 metres (31 ft) west, as the bridge was in the way of the railway. Initially, this bridge was going to be demolished and rebuilt, but it was determined that moving the bridge was viable and more economical. ^{[20] : 307}

Construction at Perth Underground station on 2 January 2007

The contract for the design and construction of Package F was awarded to Leighton–Kumagai Gumi on 14 February 2004. The main part of this package was the tunnelling under the Perth central business district, and the construction of Perth Underground and Esplanade stations. The tunnelling consisted of two 700-metre (2,300 ft) long bored tunnels between Perth rail yard (the track west of Perth station) and Esplanade station, and 600 metres (2,000 ft) of cut-and-cover tunnel south of Esplanade station. The two stations were also cut-and-cover. ^{[20] : 309} Smaller parts of Package F included changes to the traction power supply sections around Perth station, changes to the layout of the Perth rail yard, alterations and strengthening of the Horseshoe Bridge, construction of a pedestrian tunnel under Wellington Street to link Perth underground to the existing Perth station, and landscaping and changes to the road layout around the southern tunnel portal. ^{[20] : 309  [29]} Construction on Package F began in March 2004, making this package the first one to begin construction. ^{[20] : XVII}

The contractors used a tunnel boring machine manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. ^{[30] [31]} The first tunnel was completed on 3 June 2006, ^[32] and the second on 27 October 2006. ^[33]

On 23 May 2004, the contract for the construction of Package A was awarded to RailLink Joint Venture: a joint venture between John Holland, Macmahon Contractors, and Multiplex Constructions, ^[34] after being named the preferred tenderer in late 2003. ^{[28] : 1} As only parts of this package were fully designed by MSKM and New MetroRail during the design contract, the construction contract also included a design component. This package included bulk earthworks for stations between Mandurah and Cockburn Central; civil works, drainage, and track structure between Mandurah and the Narrows Bridge; the traction power network from Mandurah to north of the Narrows Bridge, including overhead wires, feeder stations at Jandakot and Karnup, and track sectioning cabins; roadworks between Mandurah and Glen Iris, including rail, road, and pedestrian bridges; signals and communication for the entire line; Mandurah railcar depot; and connecting the signalling, power and communications systems to the rest of the network at Perth Yard. ^{[20] : 301  [34]}

In May 2004, construction began on Package E, with works commencing on the Mount Henry Bridge. The new bridge opened to traffic on 22 January 2006. ^{[20] : XVII}

In November 2004, the contract for Package D was awarded to John Holland. ^{[20] : XVII  [35]} In March 2005, the contract for Package B was awarded to Doric Brierty Joint Venture, a joint venture between Doric Constructions and Brierty Contractors. ^{[20] : XVII  [36]} The Doric Brierty Joint Venture was again awarded a contract in June 2005, for Package C[a], which was for Rockingham and Warnbro stations; the contract for Package C[b], which was for the construction of Mandurah station, was awarded to J.M. & E.D. Moore. ^{[20] : XVII  [37]} The construction of the stations from Canning Bridge to Mandurah started from mid- to late-2005.^{[ citation needed ]}

The tunnel boring machine, manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, was lifted into position in the Esplanade station box on 14 August 2005. It started tunnelling on 25 October 2005. It finished boring the first tunnel on 7 February 2006. The machine was transported back to Esplanade station to do the second tunnel. It finished boring the second tunnel on 24 October 2006. ^{[20] : XVII}

Track laying commenced, starting from the track laying depot in Hillman, on 16 March 2006. The track laying was completed in December 2006.

Between 2004 and 2006, the Leighton Kumagai Joint Venture was affected by a series of industrial disputes involving the Construction Forestry Mining and Energy Union. This culminated in the prosecution of 107 workers for taking illegal industrial action, by the Australian Building and Construction Commission. ^[38] Prosecution of "the Perth 107" became a national and international cause célèbre, in part because it occurred as the Federal Government's industrial relations policy WorkChoices was taking place.^{[ citation needed ]}

In January 2007, Mandurah, Kwinana, Wellard and Cockburn Central stations were complete. Rockingham and Warnbro stations were completed on 9 March 2007. ^{[20] : XVII} Canning Bridge, Bull Creek and Murdoch stations reached practical completion in June 2007. ^[39]

The first test train ran on the line, between Perth Yard and Esplanade station, in August 2007. In September 2007, the overhead wiring system was energised between Perth Yard and south of Esplanade station. ^{[20] : XVII} This section reached practical completion in September 2007, with the site being handed over to the Public Transport Authority on 10 September 2007. ^[39]

From 7 to 14 October 2007, a planned shutdown of the whole Fremantle line and partial closure of the Joondalup line between Perth and Leederville stations was undertaken to allow workers to connect the Mandurah line to the Joondalup line. On 15 October 2007, Perth Underground and Esplanade stations opened. On this day, the railway also carried its first passengers with the extension of Joondalup line services to Esplanade station. ^[40]

On 9 November 2007, the first train crossed the Narrows Bridge to Rockingham station, testing the new railway line at around 07:30 with a driver and a group of engineers. After the line testing completed, driver training was undertaken. ^[41]

Plaque at Mandurah station commemorating the opening of the line

The line was officially opened on 23 December 2007, with the first train carrying 1,500 passengers, including 1,000 members of the public selected by ballot. ^{[42] [43] [44]}

The line replaced bus services that previously travelled along the freeway to the city, which now terminate at Mandurah line stations. The exception is Canning Highway services, which stop at Canning Bridge station before continuing to the city. ^[45]

Post-opening

Since opening, there have been proposals for stations to be built at South Perth, Aubin Grove, Karnup and Lakelands. Of those stations, Aubin Grove was opened in 2017, and Lakelands station started construction in 2021.

After the opening of the Mandurah line, the government committed to building a station by 2010 at Richardson Street in South Perth. ^[46] The station would serve major attractions such as Perth Zoo and crowds heading to the South Perth foreshore to watch the City of Perth Skyworks. After a change in government in September 2008, South Perth station was delayed to opening in 2013. ^[46] The station was not in the 2009 state budget, ^[47] and has not been built since.

In August 2012, the government announced plans for the construction of Aubin Grove station, at Russell Road between Cockburn Central station and Kwinana station. The station was planned to cost $80 million. ^{[48] [49] [50]} A tender for the construction of the station was released in July 2014. ^{[51] [52]} In February 2015, CAMPS, which is a joint venture between Coniglio Ainsworth Architects and M. P. S. Architects, was selected to design the station. ^{[53] [54]} In late-2015, Georgiou was awarded the construction contract. ^[55] Construction began in March 2016, ^[56] and on 23 April 2017, the station was opened. The project had a final cost of $125 million, of which $72 million was for the station. ^{[57] [58] [59]}

Ahead of the 2017 state election, both major parties promised to build a $520 million extension of the Thornlie railway line to link up with the Mandurah line at Cockburn. The line was planned to follow the previously planned alignment of the Mandurah line, along the Kwinana freight railway, and have stations at Ranford Road and Nicholson Road, before entering the Kwinana Freeway and terminating at a new platform at Cockburn Central station. One of the publicised advantages of the line was that it would make getting to Perth Stadium quicker for people south of Cockburn Central, as the stadium, which was under construction at the time, is along the Armadale/Thornlie line. ^{[60] [61]} The Labor Party also promised to built a station at Karnup, between Mandurah and Warnbro, as part of their proposed Metronet program of public transport expansion. ^[62]

The Labor Party won the election. Construction started in September 2020,^{[ citation needed ]} and the extension is expected to open in 2024. ^{[63] [64] [65]} As part of a major realignment of railway tracks at the Cockburn Central railway station, the Mandurah line is closed between Elizabeth Quay and Aubin Grove from 26 December 2021 to 14 January 2022. In this time, the existing Mandurah line tracks will be moved to the edge of the rail corridor to make room for the new Thornlie line tracks who will take its place at the location. ^[66]

Description

The railway has a gauge of 1,067 millimetres (3 ft 6 in); the same as the rest of the Transperth network. It is designed for a maximum train speed of 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph), however trains do not go above 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph) in regular operation. Fencing is used along the entire line aside from the freeway and tunnel sections. Concrete barriers are along the freeway section of the line, separating road traffic from the railway. ^{[4] : 89}

The line uses an overhead 25 kV AC power supply system, which is the same system as the rest of the Transperth network. Third rail 750 V DC power was considered, but was not chosen because it would require rolling stock to be modified to use both power systems, which would reduce performance and cost over $20 million. This system would also require that traction supply substations be located within 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) intervals. ^{[4] : 95, 97}

Stations

Services are operated by B-series trains, with services previously being operated by A-series trains. The section between the Perth Underground and Elizabeth Quay stations is considered to be part of both the Joondalup and Mandurah lines.

Key

Icon	Purpose
	Under construction

Station	Distance from Perth [67]		Fare zone [1]	Suburbs served	Opened	Connections
	km	mi
Perth Underground	0.0	0.0	1/FTZ	Perth	15 October 2007	Bus transfers at Perth Busport Train transfers to Australind, Armadale/Thornlie, Fremantle and Midland Lines Services continue on the Joondalup Line
Elizabeth Quay	0.6	0.4	1/FTZ	Perth	15 October 2007	Bus transfers at Elizabeth Quay Bus Station
Canning Bridge	7.2	4.5	1	Como	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Bull Creek	11.7	7.3	2	Bateman, Bull Creek	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Murdoch	13.9	8.6	2	Leeming, Murdoch	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Cockburn Central	20.5	12.7	3	Cockburn Central, Jandakot	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Aubin Grove	23.8	14.8	3	Atwell, Success	23 April 2017	Bus transfers
Kwinana	32.9	20.4	4	Bertram, Parmelia	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Wellard	37.1	23.1	4	Wellard	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Rockingham	43.2	26.8	5	Cooloongup, Rockingham	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Warnbro	47.5	29.5	5	Warnbro	23 December 2007	Bus transfers
Lakelands	64.5	40.1	7	Lakelands	2023	Bus transfers
Mandurah	70.8	44.0	7	Mandurah	23 December 2007	Bus transfers

Service

The Mandurah railway line has two stopping patterns in addition to all stops services. All stops services run every 15 minutes during the day Monday to Sunday, every 10 minutes during the weekday peak, and every half an hour or every hour at night. In addition, there is the W stopping pattern, which stops at all stations between Perth and Cockburn Central, terminating there. This runs every 10 minutes during the weekday peak, so stations between Perth and Cockburn Central have a service every 5 minutes in each direction during peak. There is also the K stopping pattern, which stops at all stations between Perth and Rockingham, and runs once per weekday before the morning peak. ^[1]

Patronage

Prior to the Mandurah Line opening, the Kwinana Freeway bus system carried 16,000 passengers per day. Within the first few weeks of operation, the Mandurah Line reached 50,000 passengers per day, which was the projected patronage on the line. ^[68] In the 2018-19 financial year, the year before the COVID-19 pandemic, the line had 20,900,819 boardings. In the 2020-21 financial year, the line had 14,856,023 boardings. ^[69]

Mandurah railway line annual patronage

Year	Patronage	±%
2010–11	18,519,864	—
2011–12	20,293,223	+9.58%
2012–13	21,150,408	+4.22%
2013–14	20,663,690	−2.30%
2014–15	20,699,900	+0.18%
2015–16	20,595,401	−0.50%
2016–17	20,343,828	−1.22%
2017–18	20,545,716	+0.99%
2018–19	20,900,819	+1.73%
2019–20	16,882,261	−19.23%
2020–21	14,856,023	−12.00%

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External links

Media related to Mandurah railway line at Wikimedia Commons