Music of Burkina Faso

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Wooden horn of the Samo people COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oude dwarsgeblazen hoorn van hout gebruikt in geval van oorlog en moord TMnr 3981-195.jpg
Wooden horn of the Samo people

The music of Burkina Faso includes the folk music of 60 different ethnic groups. The Mossi people, centrally located around the capital, Ouagadougou, account for 40% of the population while, to the south, Gurunsi, Gurma, Dagaaba and Lobi populations, speaking Gur languages closely related to the Mossi language, extend into the coastal states. In the north and east the Fulani of the Sahel preponderate, while in the south and west the Mande languages are common; Samo, Bissa, Bobo, Senufo and Marka. Burkinabé traditional music has continued to thrive and musical output remains quite diverse. Popular music is mostly in French: Burkina Faso has yet to produce a major pan-African success.

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Main language regions of Burkina Faso Languages of Burkina Faso.png
Main language regions of Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso's popular music scene has not yet garnered the fame of that of other West African countries, and many popular recordings are imported from Europe, the United States and Democratic Republic of the Congo. In spite of this influx of popular styles, [1] a few early musical acts achieved success such as Koudbi Koala's group Saaba, who perform traditional Mossi music from the region around Ouagadougou, the nation's capital. With a musical career that lasted half a century, singer Amadou Balaké was one of the foremost singers from the country during the 20th century. [2] In his music, Balaké combined Mandé, Mossi, and Afro-Cuban traditions. Other influential artists from the country include George Ouédraogo and Joseph Moussa Salambéré "Salambo". [3]

Popular traditional groups from Burkina Faso include balafon bands, percussion ensembles and others such as Farafina and Gabin Dabiré, who uses elements of traditional Burkinabé music. [4] Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso's second-largest city, is a cultural centre of Burkina Faso's Mandé people of the southwest. Burkinabe artist Barack La Voix D'or is a contemporary artist blending traditional Mande styles with modern afrobeat.

More recently, modern musicians in Burkina Faso are beginning to incorporate more foreign influences into their music, especially those from the United States, with genres such as hip-hop, rap, salsa and techno entering the music scene. [5] The zouglou genre from Côte d'Ivoire, along with its originator zouk, are also popular modern genres in Burkina Faso. [6]

Another modern genre that entered Burkina Faso is the Ivorian coupé-décalé, characterised by its electronic dance beat and percussive rhythm. [5] [7] [8] Modern popular artists in Burkina Faso that have utilised this genre include Floby, Dez Altino, Dicko Fils, Imilo Lechanceux, Kayawoto, Huguo Boss, Razben, , Barsa 1er, Agozo, [9] Bebeto Bongo, [10] Greg Burkimbila, [11] David Le Combattant [12] and Sofiano. [13]

Traditional music

The Djeli, a caste of courtly praise-singers in Burkina Faso, function like the griots elsewhere in West Africa: at each ruler's funeral they recite the names and histories of past rulers, they intervene in people's personal affairs and perform at social gatherings. The Mossi and their griots retain ancient royal courts and courtly music.[ citation needed ]

The kora, the stringed instrument of the djeli , has been popular throughout much of West Africa since the Malian empire of the 1240s. The instrument traditionally featured seven strings until the Gambian griot Madi Woulendi increased that number to twenty-one. The kora can be played in several scales including the hypolydian mode (saouta), silaba, sim'bi and mandéka.

Mande-speakers are also known for the balafon, a kind of wooden xylophone, the exact characteristics of which can vary depending on the maker. The Dagara, Bwa and Senufo peoples also have their own varieties.

Djembe drums, like balafons, are often manufactured in Bobo Dioulasso. The djembe, a vital part of Burkinabé traditional music, is said to be of Malinké origin. It is made from a single piece of wood, usually from a caïlcedrat or lenke tree.

The bendré drum (called bara in Mali and dumaa among the Hausa) is a membranophone made from a gourd with the top cut off and covered with goat or sheep skin. It is an ancient instrument, probably introduced during the reign of Naaba Oubri to be played in sacred music at the royal courts of Moaga by a head drummer (benaaba) who strikes the center or edges of the drum to make varying sounds.

Another stringed instrument is called the n'goni. Legend says it was invented by a Senufo hunter. The n'goni is also played in Niger, Senegal and Mali.

The Fula people (Fulbe) of the north play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, hoddu (or xalam , a plucked skin-covered lute related to the banjo) and the riti or riiti (a one-string bowed instrument), and use complex vocal techniques with clapping percussion. Their griots are known as gawlo.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dyula language</span> Mande language spoken in West Africa

Dyula is a language of the Mande language family spoken mainly in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Mali, and also in some other countries, including Ghana, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. It is one of the Manding languages and is most closely related to Bambara, being mutually intelligible with Bambara as well as Malinke. It is a trade language in West Africa and is spoken by millions of people, either as a first or second language. Similar to the other Mande languages, it uses tones. It may be written in the Latin, Arabic or N'Ko scripts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ouagadougou</span> Capital of Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou or Wagadugu is the capital of Burkina Faso, and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic centre of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 2,415,266 in 2019. The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balafon</span> Type of wooden xylophone originating in Mali

The balafon is a gourd-resonated xylophone, a type of struck idiophone. It is closely associated with the neighbouring Mandé, Senoufo and Gur peoples of West Africa, particularly the Guinean branch of the Mandinka ethnic group, but is now found across West Africa from Guinea to Mali. Its common name, balafon, is likely a European coinage combining its Mandinka name ߓߟߊ bala with the word ߝߐ߲ fôn 'to speak' or the Greek root phono.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of Mali</span> Aspect of Mali culture

The music of Mali is, like that of most African nations, ethnically diverse, but one influence predominates: that of the ancient Mali Empire of the Mandinka. Mande people make up around 50% of Mali's population; other ethnic groups include the Fula (17%), Gur-speakers 12%, Songhai people (6%), Tuareg and Moors (10%).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of Guinea</span>

Guinea is a West African nation, composed of several ethnic groups. Among its most widely known musicians is Mory Kanté - 10 Cola Nuts saw major mainstream success in both Guinea and Mali while "Yeke Yeke", a single from Mory Kanté à Paris, was a European success in 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griot</span> Storyteller, singer, or musician of oral tradition in West Africa

A griot is a West African historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet, and/or musician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mossi people</span> Ethnic group of Burkina Faso

The Mossi are a Gur ethnic group native to modern Burkina Faso, primarily the Volta River basin. The Mossi are the largest ethnic group in Burkina Faso, constituting 52% of the population, or about 11.1 million people. The other 48% of Burkina Faso's population is composed of more than 60 ethnic groups, mainly the Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Bissa and Fulani. The Mossi speak the Mòoré language.

Bilgho Akaramata Kora, also known as Bil Aka Kora is a musician. He was one of the 17 children of Mahama and Teoura Bilgho. He is married to Astride, and is the father of Korane Prisca. Bil Aka Kora's sound draws upon traditional music from the language, instruments, rhythm and themes of the south of Burkina Faso.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of West Africa</span>

The music of West Africa has a significant history, and its varied sounds reflect the wide range of influences from the area's regions and historical periods.

Articles related to Burkina Faso include:

Farafina is a music and dance group from Burkina Faso, established in 1978. The eight-member group is Burkina Faso's best known musical group, and one of Africa's most internationally prominent musical groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ballaké Sissoko</span> Malian player of the kora (born 1968)

Ballaké Sissoko is a Malian player of the kora. He has worked with Toumani Diabaté and Taj Mahal, and is a member of the group 3MA with Driss El Maloumi and Rajery.

Dramane Kone is a master drummer and griot from Burkina Faso. He is best known for his appearance in the Taali Laafi Rosselini documentary film Great Great Grandparents Music, which featured vignettes of Dramane Kone's griot family life in west Africa. He specializes in the goblet-shaped hand drum called djembe. He is a member of the Dioula ethnic group.

Mamadou Sidiki Diabaté is a prominent Mandé kora player and jeli from Bamako, Mali. He is the 71st generation of kora players in his family and a son to Sidiki Diabaté.

Victor Démé was a Burkinabé musician and singer-songwriter originating from a Mandinka family. His death was caused by a bout of malaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Floby (musician)</span> Ivorian-Burkinabé singer

Florent Belemgnegré, better known by his stage name Floby, is an Ivorian-Burkinabé singer and musician. He sings in the French and Mòoré languages. His music uses African sounds such as the kora and djembe but also rap and electric guitar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dicko Fils</span> Burkinabé musician of Fulɓe origin (born 1975)

Moulaye Dicko, better known by his stage name Dicko Fils, is a Burkinabé musician of Fulɓe origin. He sings and plays the kamale n'goni.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sofiano</span> Burkinabé singer (born 1991)

Sofiane Balzak Kanazoé, also known by his stage name Sofiano, is a singer from Burkina Faso.He is a negro from the country of Burkina Faso that creates music. His music generally encompasses the afro-zouk and coupé-décalé genres. He has worked with the Burkinabé artists Floby, Dez Altino and Agozo and has performed in the Jardin de la Musique Remdoogo, a music and arts festival in the Burkinabé capital, Ouagadougou. Sofiano won two national Kundé awards, the Kundé of revelation and the Kundé of hope, in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamadou Diabaté (Burkinabe musician)</span> Musical artist

Mamadou Diabaté is a Burkinabe musician mostly known for his balafon playing. He lives in Vienna, Austria and has toured internationally with his ensemble Mamadou Diabaté & Percussion Mania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dez Altino</span> Burkinabé singer and guitarist

Tiga Wendwaoga Désiré Ouédraogo, better known by his stage name Dez Altino, is a Burkinabe singer and guitarist. He sings in the Mòoré and French languages, and most of his music falls under the coupé-décalé genre. He has collaborated on numerous occasions with other high-profile Burkinabé artists such as Floby and Agozo.

References

  1. Rupley, Lawrence; Bangali, Lamissa; Diamitani, Boureima (2013-01-01). Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 141. ISBN   9780810867703.
  2. Wood, Nigel (August 21, 2015). "Amadou Balaké: In Conclusion". The Irish Times . Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  3. Fayola, Toyin; Fleming, Tyler (2012). Music, Performance and African Identities. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 69. ISBN   9781136830280.
  4. "Music of Burkina Faso". Frank Bessem's Musiques d'Afrique. Archived from the original on 2005-04-06. Retrieved 15 December 2005.
  5. 1 2 Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2015-09-23). Burkina Faso 2016 Petit Futé (in French). Petit Futé. pp. Search term "La Nirvana". ISBN   9782746995772.
  6. "Musique du monde – Côte d'Ivoire: Le groupe " les 100 façons " réinvente le zouglou !". L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24. 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  7. "Analyse du phénomène "coupé-décalé" - Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso". ouaga-ca-bouge.net. Archived from the original on 2017-02-28. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  8. "BURKINA FASO. Au rythme du coupé-décalé". Courrier international (in French). 2010-11-04. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  9. "Concert musical "Les monstres sacrés de la musique burkinabè" : Le cri du cœur des organisateurs aux sponsors". www.sidwaya.bf. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  10. "Bebeto Bongo". 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  11. Ibrabiga. "MUSIQUE :L'interview de Greg«C'est mon physique qui fait (...)". www.burkinatourism.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  12. "KUNDE 2016 : Les nominés sont connus | ActuBurkina". actuburkina.net (in French). Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  13. "Floby : J'ai déposé des briques pour construire Sofiano ! | Tackborse.TV - 100% Culture - Film, Clips, Musique, MP3 du Burkina Faso". Bienvenue sur Tackborse.tv | 100% Culture - Film, Clips, Musique, MP3 du Burkina Faso (in French). 2016-08-13. Retrieved 2017-02-28.

Two current CDs of traditional Burkinabe music are available through Nonesuch Records: 1. Savannah Rhythms and 2. Music of the Grasslands

Documentary films of traditional Burkinabe musicians and celebrations have been published by African Family Films.