Tung Chung New Town 東涌新市鎮 | |
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Nickname: Tung Chung | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Special administrative region | Hong Kong |
District | Islands District |
Area | |
• City | 25 km2 (10 sq mi) |
Population (2018) | |
• City | 130,000 |
• Density | 9,639/km2 (24,960/sq mi) |
• Urban | 78,000 |
Website | www.districtcouncils.gov.hk/island/tc |
Mean solar time UTC+08 |
North Lantau New Town | |||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 北大嶼山新市鎮 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 北大屿山新市镇 | ||||||||||||
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North Lantau New Town is the newest of the nine new towns in Hong Kong,a special administrative region of China,located on the northern coast of the Lantau Island in the New Territories. It covers Tung Chung,Tai Ho Wan,Siu Ho Wan,other parts of northeast Lantau Island,and the reclaimed land along the coast between them. [1] It is the only new town in the Islands District and the youngest new town in Hong Kong. As the commercial,residential and community facilities in the New Town are concentrated in Tung Chung,it has been renamed Tung Chung New Town in recent official government documents. [2]
The development of North Lantau was first proposed in the late 1970s when the government proposed to build a new airport at Chek Lap Kok. In the North Lantau Development Investigation Study published in 1983,the idea of building a new town of nearly 300,000 people in Tung Chung and Tai Ho along the coast of North Lantau was proposed. [3]
According to the current planning,Tung Chung New Town will have a total area of 830 hectares and the population is planned to reach 280,000 by 2030 when the development is fully completed. [4]
On 20 April 2012,the former deputy director of the Chief Executive-elect's Competition and Election Office,Mr. Ho Wing-him,stated that Leung Chun-ying planned to transform Tung Chung and Tin Shui Wai after taking office,and would then plan to build hotels and shopping malls and other consumer venues in Tung Chung,mainly to attract visitors to Hong Kong. As Tung Chung has a population of only 100,000,there is still plenty of room for development,and the proximity to the Hong Kong International Airport and AsiaWorld-Expo has a large number of tourists passing through. [5]
In the Tung Chung New Town expansion plan,the proposed Tung Chung East Railway Station will become a regional business center. With the commercial development above the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge and the Hong Kong SkyCity,more tourists will be attracted to Hong Kong and the huge economic potential of North Lantau would be released. [6] [7]
With a current population of 105,000,the study conducted by the Planning Department and the Civil Engineering and Development Department identified Tung Chung as a potential new town of 220,000 people. The Tung Chung New Town Expansion Plan would examine the development potential and opportunities of Tung Chung,identify the scale of expansion of Tung Chung New Town and improve community and regional facilities. [8]
A three-stage public engagement exercise was launched by the Planning Department and the Civil Engineering and Development Department,with the first stage ending on 12 August of the same year, [9] and the views collected will be used to formulate a preliminary outline development plan. [10]
On 17 February 2017,the Chief Executive in Council approved the draft outline zoning plans for Tung Chung East and Tung Chung West. [11] [12] [13]
On 5 February 2018,the Tung Chung New Town Extension Project was launched,in which 130 hectares of land will be reclaimed and the first phase of reclamation is expected to be completed in 2020. The first phase of reclamation is expected to be completed by 2020. Upon completion,it will be able to accommodate an additional 140,000 people. [14] This is the first reclaimed land for a new town expansion project after the Tseung Kwan O South reclamation in 2003 and the completion of the final phase of reclamation in Tung Chung in the same year. [15]
In his 2016 policy address,then Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying said he would study the 30-hectare Siu Ho Wan depot above the MTR for residential development. The MTRCL commissioned a consultancy study,and the preliminary development proposal released in July 2017 indicated that up to 108 residential blocks could be built above the depot,providing 14,000 dwellings and a 320,000-square-foot shopping mall. [16] The environmental assessment report for this development was approved with conditions on 29 November 2017,and the statutory planning process of the Town Planning Board is expected to commence in the first quarter of 2018.
Meanwhile,Siu Ho Wan was listed as one of the five proposed near-shore reclamation sites during the 2013 Stage 2 Public Engagement for Land Supply Enhancement. The government-commissioned consultant released a preliminary development proposal in early January 2018,proposing to shape the reclaimed land into a high quality of life and knowledge district with low-density residential and educational facilities. [17]
By 2019,according to the MTR property director,Tang Chi-fai,private and subsidized housing will be provided above the Siu Ho Wan depot,with a total of 14,000 units. It will also provide community facilities such as a shopping mall,school and kindergarten with an area of about 300,000 square feet. The project requires the relocation of the existing depot and the construction of a brand new Siu Ho Wan station,which is considered to be very difficult to develop and requires further discussion with the government on the details,which is expected to take 10 years to develop. [18]
Tung Chung residents have been fighting for public markets for years. [19] There are four markets in the district,of which three,namely Fu Tung,Yat Tung and Man Tung,are outsourced by Link Management,while the remaining one is outsourced by the Housing Department. In order to save money,many people in the district will let their elderly buy groceries from public markets in Tsing Yi or Tsuen Wan. [20] However,there are yet still difficulties in building more public markets in Tung Chung.
The original plan underestimated the population growth of Tung Chung and relied too much on the population ratios of the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG),resulting in a serious shortage of public community facilities in the Tung Chung New Town. In his 2006-2007 Policy address,former Chief Executive Donald Tsang pledged to build a library,sports centre,swimming pool and other leisure facilities in Tung Chung,and to enhance the planning and coordination of community support facilities. These facilities were completed between 2009 and 2011. [21] [22] [23] However,most of the community facilities are concentrated in Tung Chung Town Center and Tung Chung North,which are mainly private residential areas,and are still inconvenient to residents of Yat Tung Estate,which is located in the western part of Tung Chung. [24]
Although the North Lantau Hospital was approved for construction in 2009 and opened in September 2013,many facilities have not yet been opened,resulting in a waste of resources and the need for some residents to continue to travel long distances to seek treatment at Princess Margaret Hospital. [25]
Tung Chung does not have any public markets planned,only markets attached to public housing estates,and with the lack of competition and under the management of Link REIT,Tung Chung tends to have one of the highest prices in Hong Kong. [26] In May 2016,the Yat Tung Market,which was contracted out by Link to the Kin Wah Group,was under renovation. Many residents could not bear the years of monopoly and were worried that prices would be further pushed up,so in 2016,residents went out of their way to organize a market with Eddie Chu,and at one point clashed with Link's security and outsourced contractors. [27] The then Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying stated in his 2017 policy address that he would study the possibility of allocating land for a public market in the Tung Chung Development Area,but concern groups argued that the market would take more than 10 years to complete,making it difficult to meet the immediate needs of residents. [28]
According to the 2011 census,Tung Chung had a population of 115,000,but only 6,000 residents were able to work in the Lantau area. Although there are many job opportunities in the surrounding areas of Tung Chung,such as the airport and Hong Kong Disneyland,the low employment rate in the area is mainly due to the fact that the types and nature of jobs do not match the needs of the residents. Some groups have advocated for Tung Chung to develop a "bridgehead economy", [29] and to take advantage of the economic opportunities of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. However,the employment opportunities created by the bridgehead economy are still mainly in the retail,catering,and tourism hospitality industries,which have limited effect on improving the employment situation in Tung Chung. [30]
The pollution problem in Tung Chung has become increasingly serious since 2010;in the first five months of 2017 alone,Tung Chung recorded 26 hours of Very High or Severe Health Risk Levels of 10 or 10+ in the Air Quality Health Index,and 42 days in 2016 when Tung Chung was in the top three in terms of health risk. [31] With the opening of the HZMB in the second half of 2018 and the construction of a third runway,as well as the rapid urbanization in Tung Chung,many people expect the air quality in Tung Chung to deteriorate further.
After the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge in October 2018,a large number of tourists came to Tung Chung every Sunday for shopping. Residents in the area complained about the excessive number of tourists and the noise that affected their lives,and demanded that bus stops be moved away from residential areas. The shopping mall is crowded,the cafes and fast food restaurants are full,and the hygiene of the toilets has become bad. Residents said that some goods had been snapped up by tourists,affecting people's livelihood,and that Tung Chung had "fallen". [32] [33] On 11 November,a campaign was launched called "Reclaim Tung Chung" to reduce the impact of excessive tourists on people's livelihood. [34] [35]
Lantau Island is the largest island in Hong Kong,located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula,and is part of the New Territories. Administratively,most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.
Tsuen Wan New Town is a new town in Hong Kong. It spans Tsuen Wan,Kwai Chung and the eastern part of Tsing Yi Island. Traditionally,the administrative officials of Tsuen Wan managed the area of Tsuen Wan proper,Kwai Chung,Tsing Yi Island,Ma Wan and Northeast Lantau Island. Its total development area is about 24 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi). The population of the new town is approximately 801,800,with the planned capacity being 845,000.
Tung Chung,meaning "eastern stream",is an area on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island,Hong Kong. One of the most recent new towns,it was formerly a rural fishing village beside Tung Chung Bay,and along the delta and lower courses of Tung Chung River and Ma Wan Chung in the north-western coast of Lantau Island. The area was once an important defence stronghold against pirates and foreign military during the Ming and the Qing dynasties.
The Tung Chung line is one of the ten lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong,linking the town of Tung Chung with central Hong Kong. It was built in the 1990s as part of the Airport Railway project,part of the construction of the new Chek Lap Kok Airport. The line currently travels through eight stations in 31 minutes along its route. The line is coloured orange on the MTR system map.
The Airport Core Programme was a series of infrastructure projects centred on the new Hong Kong International Airport during the early 1990s. The programme was part of the Port and Airport Development Strategy,commonly known as the Rose Garden Project.
North Lantau Highway is an expressway forming part of Hong Kong's Route 8,linking Hong Kong International Airport and Lantau Island with the rest of the territory. The road has three lanes in each direction for its entire length with full-width hard shoulders for emergencies and breakdowns. The speed limit is 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph) for most of its length,the highest of any road in Hong Kong.
Shek Pik is an area located along the southwestern coast of Lantau Island,Hong Kong. When the Shek Pik Reservoir was built,villages at Shek Pik were demolished and the villagers were relocated to other parts of Lantau Island and to Tsuen Wan. Below the dam of the reservoir is Shek Pik Prison.
Sha Lo Wan is a bay in the northwest Lantau Island,Hong Kong. The bay faces north to Hong Kong International Airport. The area is occupied by indigenous inhabitants. There is no vehicular access to the area and thus their communication is on foot or by ferry. Because of their inconvenient access to urban areas,villages in the area have suffered from depopulation. Only older generations live in these villages.
Citygate is a commercial complex at the town centre of Tung Chung,Lantau Island,Hong Kong. It comprises a shopping centre called Citygate Outlets,an office tower,and the Novotel Citygate hotel.
Tung Chung Development Pier also known as Tung Chung New Development Ferry Pier (東涌新發展碼頭) and Tung Chung New Ferry Pier (東涌新碼頭) is a ferry pier in Tung Chung Waterfront Road (東涌海濱路),Tung Chung,Lantau Island,New Territories,Hong Kong. It was built to replace Tung Chung Old Ferry Pier that is located further west,in Ma Wan Chung (馬灣涌).
Tung Chung West is the proposed MTR terminus station of the Tung Chung line,west of Tung Chung,Lantau Island,New Territories,Hong Kong,which would follow on from Tung Chung station. When Yat Tung Estate in Tung Chung West was constructed,the MTR Corporation and the Hong Kong SAR Government reserved a site to build the station. It will replace Airport as the westernmost railway station in Hong Kong when it opens in 2029.
Tung Chung Bay is a bay west of Tung Chung,Lantau Island,Hong Kong,near North Lantau New Town and Hong Kong International Airport. It is also the location of Old Tung Chung Pier.
This is a list of public housing estates on Lantau Island,Hong Kong.
North Lantau Hospital is a rural general hospital in central Tung Chung,on Hong Kong Lantau Island. It was completed in late 2012 and began services on 24 September 2013. The hospital has a 24-hour accident and emergency service,and various outpatient services including the North Lantau Community Health Centre. This hospital belongs to Kowloon West Cluster of Hospital Authority.
Tung Chung East is a proposed MTR station on the Tung Chung line to be constructed to the east of Tung Chung,Lantau Island,New Territories,Hong Kong.
Dai pai dong is a type of traditional food stall in Hong Kong. It was popular in Hong Kong during the 1960s and 1970s. The literal meaning of dai pai dong in English is “big license stall”. The characteristics of dai pai dong are a lack of air-conditioners,unclean environment,and various kinds of food. Starting from 1980s,the government stopped issuing new licenses and began buying them back. Due to its hygienic problem and the deaths of the license holders,most dai pai dong closed down and were replaced by different kinds of restaurants. Urban development has also had an impact on dai pai dong. There are only 25 dai pai dong left in Hong Kong according to the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department,which manages the licenses. Because of the desire to preserver the local food culture,it has been suggested that licenses should be issued again for new and existing dai pai dong owners.
Leung Kwun Chung is a Hong Kong professional football player who plays as a defensive midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern.
The Tung O Ancient Trail on Lantau Island,Hong Kong,was once an important passage for villagers to commute between Tung Chung and Tai O. The coastal trail starts at modern Tung Chung in the east,passes mangroves and bays and ends in the traditional Tai O fishing village. About 10 km in length,it is one of the most popular walking trails in Northwest Lantau.
Oyster Bay,previously known as Siu Ho Wan in proposals,is an MTR station on the Tung Chung line to be constructed southwest of Siu Ho Wan depot in Siu Ho Wan,on Lantau Island. The station will be built at-grade around existing Tung Chung line tracks. The construction of the station was gazetted by the Hong Kong Government in June 2021. The station is expected to open for service in 2030,with the depot remaining in use.