Lamma Island,also known as Y Island,Pok Liu Chau or simply Pok Liu,is the third largest island in Hong Kong. Administratively,it is part of the Islands District.[2] Lamma Island is a rural area.
The island was named Lamma because of a chart reading error by Alexander Dalrymple in the 1760s. He acquired a Portuguese chart of the entrance to the Pearl River. Close to the west of the island,the Portuguese owner had written "Lama". Dalrymple misinterpreted that as the name of the island. However,it was a Portuguese note describing the consistency of the seabed for the sake of anchoring there. The Portuguese word "lama" refers to mud. In early charts the name was spelled with only one "m". The island acquired a British name by error. The name was acculturated phonetically in characters,"Lam a" can mean "south fork" in Cantonese,with the original muddle being all but forgotten. At some point,things became further obscured by the addition of the second "m" in the English spelling.
In ancient times,Lamma used to be named as Pok Liu or Pok Liu Chau.[3]
Geography
Lamma Island is located to the southwest of Hong Kong Island. It is the third largest island of Hong Kong,with an area of 13.55km2 (5.23sqmi)[4] and a length of 7 kilometres (4.3mi). The northern village is called Yung Shue Wan (Banyan Tree Bay) and the eastern village is called Sok Kwu Wan (Rainbow Bay,literally Cable Fishing Net Bay). Few people live on the southern part of Lamma. Access for much of this part is by hiking or private boat. Beaches along Lamma's south-facing edge include Yung Shue Ha Beach and Sham Wan.
Mount Stenhouse (山地塘,Shan Tei Tong) is the tallest mountain in Lamma at 353 metres (1,158 feet)above sea level,situated between Sok Kwu Wan and Sham Wan. Unusually shaped rocks can be found all over this mountain,but a grueling hike is necessary to access these.
Example of a naturally formed rock found near the summit of Mt. Stenhouse.
Walking the trail between Sok Kwu Wan and Yung Shue Wan
History
According to archaeological findings,human settlement on the northern and eastern part of Lamma Island can be traced back to around 4000–3000 BC,[5] the Middle Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Yung Shue Ha,one of Lamma's earliest villages,was settled in the early 19th century by a clan from China's Bao'an County.
Lamma has an estimated population of 5,900 people as of 2014. However,with future developments such as a planned beach community in Sok Kwu Wan the population capacity is expected to double to 11,000 residents.[1]
Actor Chow Yun-fat (周潤發) grew up on the island in the village of Wang Long near Yung Shue Wan. His relatives used to operate a seafood/pigeon restaurant called "Shau Kee" in the main village.[6]
Lamma has a significant Western and international population. As of 2021,the island is 55% Chinese,ethnic minorities include white (23%) and Filipino (11.4%).
The island has a reputation for alternative lifestyles and has a relaxed atmosphere. Lamma is being urbanised and property prices are increasing as a result of the attraction of this lifestyle. [7]
Description
In contrast to Hong Kong Island and Kowloon,Lamma is peaceful and tranquil with an abundance of natural scenery. Buildings higher than three storeys are prohibited and there are no automobiles but diminutive fire trucks and ambulances,as well as village vehicles;distinctive open-back vehicles to transport construction materials. The community's only means of transport is either by foot or bicycle.
Lamma provides an alternative to the hectic life in the city. Property and rents are cheap compared with those of central Hong Kong. These factors have attracted a significant expatriate community to Lamma Island. It is also popular with younger people and a haven for artists and musicians.
Yung Shue Wan (Banyan Bay) is the most populated area on Lamma Island. Several decades ago, it was the centre of the plastics industry. The factories have now been replaced by seafood restaurants, pubs, grocery stores and shops which sell oriental and Indian-style handicraft. Hung Shing Yeh Beach, Lamma Power Station, North Lamma Island Public Library and Lamma Winds are also located in the northern part of the island.
Overlooking the fish farms and restaurants at Sok Kwu Wan
The big street of Sok Kwu Wan consists mainly of seafood restaurants. Sok Kwu Wan has the largest fish farming site in Hong Kong. Tourists can barbecue and fish at Lo So Shing Beach which is a ten-minute walk from the village. The trail between Yung Shue Wan and Sok Kwu Wan is surrounded by grassland and offers a picturesque walk. From there one can see a nice portion of the coastline of the island. It takes roughly an hour to walk the trail.
Walkers may notice a few 'caves' on the trail near Sok Kwu Wan, labelled on tourist signs as 'kamikaze grottos'. These caves were dug out by the Japanese during the war, to store munitions alongside the suicide boats. When the British Navy reclaimed Hong Kong, they discovered rows of speedboats with explosives rigged to the bow in Sok Kwu Wan.[8]
In addition to the caves, the Japanese also dug tunnels into the island's peaks, including two known tunnels on Ling Kok Shan[9] and one on Mt. Stenhouse.[10]
Sham Wan is one of the five most important archaeological sites in Hong Kong. The bay is the site of an important Bronze Age settlement which was unearthed by archaeologists in the 1970s. It yielded evidence of people living on Lamma during the "Middle Neolithic" phase (c. 3800–3000 BC).
Historically Sham Wan was also a place for green sea turtles to lay eggs. The endangered green turtles are a special group of marine organisms with distinctive navigation behaviour between their nesting, breeding, development and reproduction sites. As Sham Wan is the only existing nesting site for them in Hong Kong, every year there is a period of restricted access to it from 1 June to 31 October to allow the turtles to breed.[11] The breeding site is about 5,100m2 (54,896sqft). The last known nesting at Sham Wan was in 2012.[12]
Sham Wan
View of Mount Stenhouse
Traditional festivals
Tin Hau Temple in Yung Shue Wan.
Tin Hau temples are typical places of worship in Hong Kong's coastal communities because Tin Hau is believed to be the goddess of the sea and of fishermen, protecting them and ensuring full nets. There are three Tin Hau temples on Lamma, located in Yung Shue Wan,[13] Sok Kwu Wan,[14] and Luk Chau Village.[15]
The Tin Hau Festival (twenty-third of the third month of the Lunar Calendar) is widely celebrated by the fishermen's communities in Lamma. Cantonese opera and floral paper offerings known as Fa Pau at both Sok Kwu Wan and Yung Shue Wan are the highlights of the celebration.
Lamma Island is also one of the few remaining places in Hong Kong where traditional Chinese New Year celebrations still take place: at the stroke of midnight, fireworks will be set off by the main families of the villages to frighten away the evil spirits, sending off a deafening thunder that can last up to 30 minutes.
Transportation
An aerial view of South Lamma
There are regular ferry services to Yung Shue Wan and Sok Kwu Wan from Central on Hong Kong Island, as well as to Yung Shue Wan via Pak Kok, and to Sok Kwu Wan via Mo Tat Wan, from Aberdeen. It takes about 25 minutes by ferry between Yung Shue Wan and Central. There are no cars on Lamma Island.[16]
Two ferries collided off Yung Shue Wan on 1 October 2012 at 8:20pm local time. With 39 killed and 92 injured, the incident was the deadliest maritime disaster in Hong Kong since 1971.[17]
As the island is not connected by road to the rest of Hong Kong, the only vehicles on the island are those used by the emergency services, and village vehicles, which are used to transport goods. The main method of getting around the island is on foot or by bicycle.
Education
Lamma Island is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 96, which contains a single aided school, Northern Lamma School; no government primary schools are in this net.[18]
The Islands District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is part of the New Territories. It had a population of 185,282 in 2021.
Hong Kong has a long coastline that is full of twists and turns with many bays and beaches. Many of them are well sheltered by mountains nearby, as Hong Kong is a mountainous place. As a result, large waves seldom appear at the bays, making them suitable for human swimming.
Hong Kong counts approximately 600 temples, shrines and monasteries. While Buddhism and Christianity are the most widely practiced religions, most religions are represented in the Special Administrative Region.
Yung Shue Wan is the main population centre on Lamma Island, Hong Kong. It has a population of approximately 6,000.
Yung Shue Ha is a village on the south side of Lamma Island, Hong Kong. It is across the bay Shek Pai Wan (石排灣) from the village of Tung O (東澳). Both villages are sparsely populated and many places are abandoned.
Hong Kong & Kowloon Ferry Ltd (HKKF) is a ferry service company in Hong Kong. It was formed by a number of shipping and shipbuilding firms, and was incorporated in Hong Kong in February 1998.
Sok Kwu Wan or Picnic Bay is a bay on the east coast of Lamma Island, Hong Kong. The bay has a cluster of seafood restaurants and village houses.
A Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI is a special area to protect wildlife, habitats and geographic features based on scientific interest in Hong Kong. Scientific interests are special features relating to animal life, plant life, geology and/or geography. After being identified by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, these areas are documented by the Planning Department and added to maps. From 1975 to 2005, 67 locations were designated SSSIs throughout Hong Kong.
The Central Ferry Piers are situated on the northeast part of Central, Hong Kong Island. The ferries mostly depart to Outlying Islands in the New Territories, with the exception of Pier 1 serving as a government pier, and ferries from piers 7 and 8 going to Kowloon.
Articles related to Hong Kong include:
Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong are dedicated to Tin Hau (Mazu). Over 100 temples are dedicated to Tin Hau in Hong Kong. A list of these temples can be found below.
Outlying Islands Ferry Pier means the ferry piers which provide ferry service outside Victoria Harbour in Central, Hong Kong. It now refers to Central Piers No.2 to No.6, near International Finance Centre. The ferry routes travel between Central and Ma Wan, Lantau Island, Lamma Island, Cheung Chau and Peng Chau.
The Nine Alliances of Lek Yuen or Kau Yeuk was a regional organization of various groups in Sha Tin Valley, Hong Kong.
Luk Chau Village is a village located on the northeast coast of Lamma Island, the third largest island in the territory of Hong Kong.
Hamilton, Eric; Schofield, Walter; Peplow, S. H.; Tsui, Paul; Coates, Austin; Hayes, James (2010). "Chapter 4. Lamma Island". In Strickland, John (ed.). Southern District Officer Reports: Islands and Villages in Rural Hong Kong, 1910-60. Hong Kong University Press. pp.131–158. ISBN9789888028382.
"Archaeological Finds on Lamma Island", 1932–1936 article series in The Hong Kong Naturalist by Daniel J. Finn: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII
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