| Ntcham | |
|---|---|
| Basari | |
| Native to | Togo, Ghana |
| Ethnicity | Gurma |
Native speakers | 390,000 (2004–2013) [1] |
| Latin (Basari alphabet) Basari Braille | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either: bud – Ntcham aks – Akaselem |
| Glottolog | ntch1241 |
Ntcham, or Basari, is a language of the Gurma people in Togo and Ghana. Akaselem (Tchamba) is frequently listed as a separate language.
The phonology used by Chanard and Hartell is given below. Abbott and Cox (1966) had a similar phonology, though the non labial-velar voiceless plosives were analyzed as aspirated, and vowel length was not distinguished. [2] Badie (1995) analyzes /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ as /c/ and /ɟ/ and also includes phonemic /ɱ/, vowel lengths, and nasalized vowels. [3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial- velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | kp |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | g | gb | |
| Fricative | f | s | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋm | |
| Trill | r | |||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Close-mid | eː | oː |
| Open-mid | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Ntcham also has high, low, and mid tones. [4]
 |
| Majuscules | A | B | C | D | EE | F | G | GB | I | J | K | KP | L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscules | a | b | c | d | ee | f | g | gb | i | j | k | kp | l |
| Majuscules | M | N | NY | Ŋ | ŊM | OO | Ɔ | P | S | T | U | W | Y |
| Minuscules | m | n | ny | ŋ | ŋm | oo | ɔ | p | s | t | u | w | y |
Long vowels are indicated by doubling the letter ‹aa, ii, ɔɔ, uu› and two vowels are always long ‹ee, oo›. The tones are represented by acute accents for high tone and grave accents for low tone, on the vowels and the consonants m, n, b, l : ‹ḿ, ń, b́, ĺ›, ‹m̀, ǹ, b̀, l̀›.
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PHOIBLE is a linguistic database accessible through its website and compiling phonological inventories from primary documents and tertiary databases into a single, easily searchable sample. The 2019 version 2.0 includes 3,020 inventories containing 3,183 segment types found in 2,186 distinct languages. It is edited by Steven Moran, Assistant Professor from the Institute of Biology at the University of Neuchâtel and Daniel McCloy, Researcher at the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington.
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