Peramus

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Peramus
Temporal range: Tithonian–Berriasian
NHMUK PV OR 47742.jpg
Peramus tenuirostris NHMUK PV OR 47742
Peramus tenuirostris.jpg
P4 and P5 of Peramus tenuirostris
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Peramura
Family: Peramuridae
Genus: Peramus
Owen, 1871

Peramus is an extinct genus of cladotherian mammal. It lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe and North Africa.

Contents

Species

There are three known extinct species in the genus: [1]

Additionally, indeterminate remains are known from the Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco, dating to the Tithonian-Berriasian, [2] and the Angeac-Charente bonebed in France, dating to the Berriasian. [3]

Phylogeny

Peramus is generally considered an advanced cladotherian. In the analysis performed by Panciroli and colleagues (2018), Peramus was recovered as within a clade also including Palaeoxonodon and Amphitherium, as derived members of Cladotheria. Peramus, Palaeoxonodon and Amphitherium were united by the shared traits of "convergence of the Meckel’s sulcus with the ventral border of the mandible; and possessing open rooted postcanines." but the placement of Peramus as a more advanced cladotherian cannot be ruled out. [4] In a 2018 analysis by Bi and colleagues, Peramus was recovered in a clade with Palaeoxonodon and Nanolestes also as advanced cladotherians. [5] In a 2022 study of cladotherian relationships, it was recovered as a member of Zatheria, closer to Theria than either Palaeoxonodon and Nanolestes. [6]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dryolestida</span> Extinct order of mammals

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paurodontidae</span> Extinct family of mammals

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<i>Henkelotherium</i> Extinct family of mammals

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Donodon is an extinct genus of mammal from the Ksar Metlili Formation of Talssint, Morocco, which has been dated to the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous epochs. The type species D. perscriptoris was described in 1991 by the palaeontologist Denise Sigogneau-Russell. A second species, D. minor, was named in 2022. Donodon was a member of Cladotheria, a group that includes therian mammals and some of their closest relatives. It differed from dryolestids in having upper molars that were not compressed mesiodistally. Some studies have suggested that it was closely related to various South American cladotherians in the clade Meridiolestida, with specific similarities to Mesungulatum, a herbivorous mesungulatid, being noted. On the other hand, a 2022 phylogenetic analysis found it to be only distantly related to meridiolestidans, and instead closer to crown group therians.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meridiolestida</span> Extinct clade of mammals

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The Ksar Metlili Formation is a geological formation in eastern High Atlas of Morocco, it is late Tithonian to Berriasian in age. It is approximately 80 metres (260 ft) thick and primarily consists of mudstone and sandstone, with thin calcareous beds. One of these calcareous beds near the middle of the sequence is an important microvertebrate locality. Subsequent to the original site, several other localities have been sampled. The depositional environment is thought to be near shore deltaic.

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Thereuodon is a genus of extinct mammal known from the Early Cretaceous of southern England, Morocco and France. The type species, named by Denise Sigogneau-Russell in 1989 for teeth from the earliest Cretaceous Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco, is Thereuodon dahmani, while the referred species named by Sigogneau-Russell and Paul Ensom for teeth from the Lulworth Formation of England is Thereuodon taraktes. The two species are separated by a break in the cingulum in T. dahmani, a more obtuse medial crest in T. taraktes, a duller stylocone in T. taraktes, a "c" cuspule in T. dahmani, and a reduced facet A in T. taraktes. The genus Thereuodon is the only taxon in the symmetrodont family Thereuodontidae, which may be closely related to Spalacotheriidae. A tooth referred to T. cf. taraktes is known from the Berriasian aged Angeac-Charente bonebed of France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angeac-Charente bonebed</span>

The Angeac-Charentebonebed is a fossil deposit located near Angeac-Charente in western France. It dates to the Berriasian stage of the Early Cretaceous, and is coeval with the Purbeck Group of Southern England. It has amongst the most diverse assemblages of earliest Cretaceous vertebrates known from Europe.

References

  1. "Fossilworks: Peramus". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  2. Lasseron, Maxime; Allain, Ronan; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Haddoumi, Hamid; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Métais, Grégoire; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (March 2020). "New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)". Geological Magazine. 157 (3): 367–392. doi:10.1017/S0016756819000761. ISSN   0016-7568.
  3. Ronan Allain, Romain Vullo, Lee Rozada, Jérémy Anquetin, Renaud Bourgeais, et al.. Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J/K boundary. Geodiversitas, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, In press. ffhal-03264773f
  4. "New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica". www.app.pan.pl. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  5. Bi, Shundong; Zheng, Xiaoting; Wang, Xiaoli; Cignetti, Natalie E.; Yang, Shiling; Wible, John R. (June 2018). "An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy". Nature. 558 (7710): 390–395. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   29899454. S2CID   91737831.
  6. Lasseron, Maxime; Martin, Thomas; Allain, Ronan; Haddoumi, Hamid; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Zouhri, Samir; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2022-06-02). "An African Radiation of 'Dryolestoidea' (Donodontidae, Cladotheria) and its Significance for Mammalian Evolution". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29 (4): 733–761. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09613-9. ISSN   1064-7554. S2CID   249324444.