Pomacea canaliculata

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Pomacea canaliculata
Pomacea canaliculata1.jpg
Pomacea canaliculata 01.JPG
Five views of a shell of Pomacea canaliculata, Shell diameter 8 cm (3+1⁄4 in)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda
informal group Architaenioglossa
Superfamily:
Ampullarioidea
Family:
Ampullariidae
Genus:
Pomacea
Subgenus:
Pomacea
Species:
P. canaliculata
Binomial name
Pomacea canaliculata
(Lamarck, 1819)

Pomacea canaliculata, commonly known as the golden apple snail or the channeled apple snail, is a species of large freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails. South American in origin, this species is considered to be in the top 100 of the "World's Worst Invasive Alien Species". [2] It is also ranked as the 40th worst alien species in Europe and the worst alien species of gastropod in Europe. [3]

Contents

Distribution

The native distribution of P. canaliculata is basically tropical and subtropical, [4] including Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil. [5] The southernmost record for the species is Paso de las Piedras reservoir, south of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. [6]

Drawing of the animal and the shell of Pomacea canaliculata Pomacea canaliculata 001.png
Drawing of the animal and the shell of Pomacea canaliculata

Non-indigenous distribution

This species also occurs in the United States, where the initial introductions were probably from aquarium release, aka "aquarium dumping". The non-indigenous distribution includes: Lake Wawasee in Kosciusko County, Indiana; [7] Langan Park and Three Mile Creek in Mobile, Alabama; [8] [9] a pond bordering the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta in Baldwin County, Alabama; [9] Little Wekiva River, Orlando, Florida; a lake near Jacksonville, Florida; [10] Miramar Reservoir in San Diego County, California; and a pond near Yuma, Arizona. Established populations exist in California and Hawaii. [11]

Moving North, the Government of Alberta has labelled channeled apple snails as an invasive species. [12] Alberta's Minister of Environment and Protected Areas Rebecca Schulz, alongside the Alberta Invasive Species Council, is working hard to make Alberta invasive species free, which includes addressing the issue of channeled apple snails.

The species has been found in China since 1981. [13] Its initial point of distribution in China was Zhongshan city. [14]

The species has been found in Chile since 2009 with a restricted distribution. [15]

The species has also been found in the Philippines, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Papua New Guinea, parts of Indonesia and Malaysia, Singapore, and Guam. In 1980, the apple snail was introduced to south-east Asia as a food item and aquarium pet. First, it was introduced to Taiwan, then Japan, then Thailand and the Philippines. Instead of catching on, snails were released or escaped and have become a major agricultural pest. [16]

Samples taken 3 December 2020 in Mwea Constituency, Kirinyaga County, Kenya were the first in that country, and indeed the first in continental Africa. [17]

Shell description

The shells of these applesnails are globular in shape. Normal coloration typically includes bands of brown, black, and yellowish-tan; color patterns are extremely variable. Albino and gold color variations exist. [18] [11]

The size of the shell is up to 150 millimetres (6 in) in length. [11]

Ecology

Habitat

Pomacea canaliculata egg masses are typically laid on emergent vegetation over freshwater bodies of water. Egg mass.jpg
Pomacea canaliculata egg masses are typically laid on emergent vegetation over freshwater bodies of water.

This species lives in freshwater lake, river, pond and swamp habitats and tolerates a wide range of temperatures. [19] In natural settings, they rely on grasses and other emergent vegetation growing along the perimeter of bodies of water to lay their eggs. Where invasive, they can utilize crops such as rice and taro as a substrate for reproduction. [20]

Feeding habits

Pomacea canaliculata is extremely polyphagous, feeding on vegetal (primarily macrophytophagous, feeding on floating or submersed higher plants), detrital, and animal matter. Diet may vary with age, with younger smaller individuals feeding on algae and detritus, and older, bigger (15 millimetres (19⁄32 in) and above) individuals later shifting to higher plants. [21]

This species negatively impacts rice and taro agriculture worldwide where it has been introduced. [11]

Life cycle

The egg masses of Pomacea canaliculata are a bright pink or orange in color Pomacea canaliculata eggsonhand.jpg
The egg masses of Pomacea canaliculata are a bright pink or orange in color
Eggs of Pomacea canaliculata, scale bar in cm ( 25/64 in). Pomacea canaliculata eggs.jpg
Eggs of Pomacea canaliculata, scale bar in cm (25⁄64 in).

In temperate climates, the egg-laying period of this species extends from early spring to early fall. [22] while in tropical areas reproduction is continuous. The duration of the reproductive period of P. canaliculata decreases with latitude, to a minimum of six months in the southern limit of its natural distribution. [6] Adult females oviposit on emergent vegetation at night, but will also lay their eggs on rocks and manmade surfaces like boats. Once laid, the eggs take approximately two weeks to hatch, during which time the bright pink or orange coloration of the eggs fades. [23]

First direct evidence (of all animals), that proteinase inhibitor from eggs of Pomacea canaliculata interacts as trypsin inhibitor with protease of potential predators, has been reported in 2010. [24]

Predators

The snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis, is a predator of this species in South America. The fire ant, Solenopsis geminata, has also been observed to prey upon this species. [25]

Parasites

Approximately 1% of the Pomacea canaliculata on sale on local markets in Dali City, Yunnan, China were found to be infected with pathogenic Angiostrongylus cantonensis in 2009. [26]

Control

Crude cyclotide extracts from both Oldenlandia affinis and Viola odorata plants showed molluscicidal activity comparable to the synthetic molluscicide metaldehyde. [27] Because submerging developing eggs below the water reduces hatching success, manipulating the water level in agricultural fields and dammed reservoirs may provide a tool for controlling invasive populations. [23]

Human use

Filipino ginataang kuhol (apple snails in coconut milk) 09383jfCabalen restaurants food products buffets in Bulacan Philippinesfvf 27.jpg
Filipino ginataang kuhol (apple snails in coconut milk)

This species is edible. Pomacea canaliculata constitutes one of the three predominant freshwater snails found in Chinese markets. [28] In China and Southeast Asia, consumption of raw or undercooked snails of Pomacea canaliculata and other snails is the primary route of infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis causing angiostrongyliasis. [26]

In Isan, Thailand these snails are collected and consumed. They are picked by hand or with a hand-net from canals, swamps, ponds, and flooded paddy fields during the rainy season. During the dry season when these snails are concealed under dried mud, collectors use a spade to scrape the mud in order to find them. The snails are usually collected by women and children. [29] After collection, the snails are cleaned and parboiled. They are then taken out of their shells, cut, and cleaned in salted water. After rinsing with water, they are mixed with roasted rice, dried chili pepper, lime juice, and fish sauce, and then eaten. [29]


Some French restaurants are trying to use Pomacea canaliculata as an alternative to escargot. [30] After boiling, remove Pomacea canaliculata guts and eggs.  Washing only the muscular body with vinegar will eliminate the odor. As a result, it can be used as an alternative to escargot. [31]

Pomacea canaliculata has displaced some of the indigenous rice field apple snail species in the genus Pila traditionally eaten in Southeast Asia (including Thailand and the Philippines) such as Pila ampullacea and Pila pesmei ; as well as the viviparid trapdoor snail ( Cipangopaludina chinensis ). [32] [33]

In some paddy fields in Japan, Pomacea canaliculata is used to control weeds by allowing the snail to eat them. However, this method runs risk of the snails also eating young rice plants, and of spreading to nearby fields and waterways as an invasive pest. [34] [35] [36]

It is a part of the ornamental pet trade for freshwater aquaria. [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ampullariidae</span> Family of gastropods

Ampullariidae, whose members are commonly known as apple snails, is a family of large freshwater snails that includes the mystery snail species. They are aquatic gastropod mollusks with a gill and an operculum. These snails simultaneously have a gill and a lung as functional respiratory structures, which are separated by a division of the mantle cavity. This adaptation allows these animals to be amphibious. Species in this family are considered gonochoristic, meaning that each individual organism is either male or female.

<i>Marisa cornuarietis</i> Species of gastropod

Marisa cornuarietis, common name the Colombian ramshorn apple snail, is a species of large freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snail family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese mystery snail</span> Species of gastropod

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<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> Species of roundworm

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a nematode (roundworm) parasite that causes angiostrongyliasis, an infection that is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin. The nematode commonly resides in the pulmonary arteries of rats, giving it the common name rat lungworm. Snails are the primary intermediate hosts, where larvae develop until they are infectious.

<i>Pila</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Pila is a genus of large freshwater snails with an operculum, African and Asian apple snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

<i>Pila ampullacea</i> Species of gastropod

Pila ampullacea, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

<i>Pomacea</i> Genus of gastropods

Pomacea is a genus of freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails. The genus is native to the Americas; most species in this genus are restricted to South America.

<i>Pomacea haustrum</i> Species of gastropod

Pomacea haustrum, common name the titan applesnail, is a species of large freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the applesnails.

<i>Pomacea diffusa</i> Species of gastropod

Pomacea diffusa, common name the spike-topped apple snail or Mystery Snail, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

<i>Pomacea paludosa</i> Species of gastropod

Pomacea paludosa, common name the Florida applesnail, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

<i>Pomacea maculata</i> Species of gastropod

Pomacea maculata is a species of large freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freshwater snail</span> Non-marine snail

Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater respire using gills, whereas other groups need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a lung. Most feed on algae, but many are detritivores and some are filter feeders.

<i>Pomacea cumingii</i> Species of snail

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Pomacea aurostoma is a South American species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

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The perivitellinefluid is an extracellular fluid found in the eggs of most gastropods and constitutes the main source of nutrition and defense for their embryos. It replaces the egg yolk of other animals, which in snail eggs is reduced to non-nutritive proteinaceous granules with putative enzymatic function.

Perivitellins are egg proteins found in the perivitelline fluid of many gastropods. They are multifunctional complexes providing the developing embryo with nutrition, protection from the environment, and defense against predators.

Ovorubin is the most abundant perivitellin of the perivitelline fluid from Pomacea canaliculata snail eggs. This glyco-lipo-caroteno protein complex is a approx. 300 kDa multimer of a combination of multiple copies of six different ~30 kDa subunits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomacea columellaris</span> Species of snail

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References

This article incorporates public domain text from reference [11] and CC-BY-2.0 text from reference [29] and CC-BY-2.5 text from reference. [26]

  1. ↑ Pastorino, G.; Darrigan, G. (2012). "Pomacea canaliculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T166261A1124485. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T166261A1124485.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. Global Invasive Species Database http://www.iucngisd.org/database, accessed 29 September 2023.
  3. ↑ Nentwig W, Bacher S, Kumschick S, Pyšek P, Vilà M (18 December 2017). "More than "100 worst" alien species in Europe". Biological Invasions. 20 (6): 1611–1621. doi: 10.1007/s10530-017-1651-6 . hdl: 10261/158710 .
  4. ↑ Ihering H. (1919). "Las especies de Ampullaria' en la Argentina". I Reunión Nac Soc Arg Cs Nat (Actas): 329-350, Tucumán, Argentina.
  5. ↑ Cowie R, Thiengo SC. "The apple snails of the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Asolene, Felipponea, Marisa, Pomacea, Pomella): a nomenclatural and type catalog". Malacologia. 45 (1): 41–100.
  6. 1 2 Martín PR, Estebenet AL, Cazzaniga NJ (2001). "Factors affecting the distribution of Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) along its southernmost natural limit". Malacologia. 43 (1–2): 13–23.
  7. ↑ "Channeled Applesnail." Aquatic Invasive Species. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, 16 June 2005. Web. 9 November 2013. < http://www.in.gov/dnr/files/CHANNELED_APPLE_SNAIL.pdf >.
  8. ↑ D. Shelton, pers. comm. In: United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/4/2008
  9. 1 2 Ben Raines (29 January 2011). "Amazonian apple snails found in Baldwin pond". Press Register. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
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  11. 1 2 3 4 5 United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/4/2008
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  13. ↑ doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000368.g004 map of distribution in 2007 Archived 7 September 2012 at archive.today
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  15. ↑ Jackson D, Jackson D (2009). "Registro de Pomacea canaliculata (LAMARCK, 1822) (AMPULLARIIDAE), molusco exótico para el norte de Chile". Gayana . 73 (1): 40–44. doi: 10.4067/s0717-65382009000100006 .
  16. ↑ Mohan, Nalini (25 February 2002). "Introduced Species Summary Project Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)". Columbia University. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  17. ↑ Buddie, Alan G. (ORCID); Rwomushana, Ivan (ORCID); Offord, Lisa C. (ORCID); Kibet, Simeon; Makale, Fernadis (ORCID); Djeddour, Djamila (ORCID); Cafa, Giovanni (ORCID); Vincent, Koskei K.; Muvea, Alexander M. (ORCID); Chacha, Duncan (ORCID); Day, Roger K. (ORCID) (25 March 2021). "First report of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata in Kenya". CABI Agriculture and Bioscience . 2 (1). CABI (Springer): 11. Bibcode:2021CABio...2...11B. doi: 10.1186/s43170-021-00032-z . ISSN   2662-4044.{{cite journal}}: External link in |first10=, |first11=, |first1=, |first2=, |first3=, |first5=, |first6=, |first7=, and |first9= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Howells, R. Personal communication. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. In: United States Geological Survey. 2008. Pomacea canaliculata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 2/4/2008
  19. ↑ Wada T, Matsukura K (December 2007). "Seasonal Changes in Cold Hardiness of the Invasive Freshwater Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae)". Malacologia. 49 (2): 383–392. doi:10.4002/0076-2997-49.2.383. S2CID   85173507.
  20. ↑ Rawlings TA, Hayes KA, Cowie RH, Collins TM (June 2007). "The identity, distribution, and impacts of non-native apple snails in the continental United States". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 97. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...97R. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-97 . PMC   1919357 . PMID   17594487.
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  22. ↑ Bachmann A (October 1960). "Apuntes para una hidrobiología argentina. II. Ampullaria insularum Orb. y A. canaliculata Lam.(Moll. Prosobr., Ampullaridae). Observaciones biológicas y ecológicas". Actas y Trabajos Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoología. 1. La Plata, Argentina: 19–24.
  23. 1 2 Ismail SN, Abdul Wahab NI, Mansor M (2018). "Behavioural study of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in a Tropical Lake, Chenderoh Reservoir, Malaysia". Lakes & Reservoirs: Science, Policy and Management for Sustainable Use. 23 (3): 256–260. Bibcode:2018LRRM...23..256I. doi:10.1111/lre.12223. ISSN   1440-1770. S2CID   91175186.
  24. ↑ Dreon MS, Ituarte S, Heras H (December 2010). "The role of the proteinase inhibitor ovorubin in apple snail eggs resembles plant embryo defense against predation". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15059. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515059D. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015059 . PMC   2997075 . PMID   21151935.
  25. ↑ Yusa Y (2001). "Predation on eggs of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullaridae) by the fire ant Solenopsis geminata". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 67 (3): 275–279. doi: 10.1093/mollus/67.3.275 .
  26. 1 2 3 Lv S, Zhang Y, Chen SR, Wang LB, Fang W, Chen F, et al. (September 2009). Graeff-Teixeira C (ed.). "Human angiostrongyliasis outbreak in Dali, China". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (9): e520. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000520 . PMC   2739427 . PMID   19771154.
  27. ↑ Plan MR, Saska I, Cagauan AG, Craik DJ "Backbone cyclised peptides from plants show molluscicidal activity against the rice pest Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail)." J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jul 9;56(13):5237-41
  28. ↑ Lv S., Zhang Y., Steinmann P. &, Zhou X.-N. (2008). "Emerging angiostrongyliasis in mainland China". Emerging Infectious Diseases 14(1): 161–164. HTM.
  29. 1 2 3 Setalaphruk C, Price LL (October 2007). "Children's traditional ecological knowledge of wild food resources: a case study in a rural village in Northeast Thailand". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 3 (3): 33. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-33 . PMC   2100045 . PMID   17937791.
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  32. ↑ Wood TS, Anurakpongsatorn P, Chaichana R, Mahujchariyawong J, Satapanajaru T (May 2006). "Heavy predation on freshwater bryozoans by the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 (Ampullariidae). Tropical Natural History". The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University. 6 (1): 31–6.
  33. ↑ Baoanan ZG, Roberto C P (2006). "Taxonomy of Golden Apple Snails (Ampullariidae)". In Joshi RC, Sebastian LS (eds.). Global advances in ecology and management of golden apple snails. Philippine Rice Research Institute. ISBN   9789712201844.
  34. ↑ "自然栽培米・自然農法米の除草作業の特徴". 自然栽培米・自然農法米ミナミニシキ (in Japanese). Retrieved 30 September 2021.
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