Ramnadi | |
---|---|
![]() The Ramnadi at Baner | |
Location | |
Country | India |
State | Maharashtra |
City | Pune |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Sahyadri Range |
• location | near Kathpewadi |
• elevation | 957 m |
Mouth | Mula River |
• elevation | 550 m |
Length | 19.2 km |
Basin size | 181.65 km2 |
Basin features | |
Waterbodies | Pashan Lake, Manas lake |
Ramnadi is a river in Pune District and is a tributary of Mula. It originates in the Sahyadris near Kathpewadi, north-west of Pune city. The river flows through the Bhugaon, Bhukum, Bavdhan, Pashan, Baner and Aundh areas of Pune city. It is defined as a brook by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC).
The width of the river channel has decreased due to illegal constructions and dumping of construction debris. These constructions are yet to be removed. Many rallies have been held to save the river. However, it has been turned into a sewage canal due to dumping of garbage on its banks. Many local residents are in fact unaware of the river's existence. At present the condition of river is like a nullaha. Hence the PMC has undertaken a project to beautify this river. The proposal includes development of a garden along the banks of the river. [1]
The Pashan Lake and Manas lake are the major water bodies on the river basin.
The river originates in the western ghats at an elevation of 957 m above sea level. It then flows in the north-west direction eventually merging with the Mula River at an elevation of 550 m. The villages Bhukum, Bhugaon and Pirangut along with the Bavdhan, Aundh, Pashan and Karvenagar suburbs of Pune lie in the Ramnadi watershed. [2] Major water bodies on the river basin are Pashan Lake and Manas lake both of which are man-made. [3]
Activists and experts believe the floods to be a result of decreased water carrying capacity of the river. [4] Encroachment and illegal constructions have decreased the width of the river channel and reduced its water carrying capacity. [3] These illegal constructions are yet to be removed. [6] The construction of a retaining wall along the river channel by the PMC has allowed for reclamation of land in the flood plain for construction activities. The lack of a proper flood line demarcation has further allowed for constructions in the flood plain. This has reduced the channel area by almost 15%. Construction debris and sewage deposition have obstructed the natural flow of the river. [3]
Ramnadi is fed by around 416 stream out of which 106 no longer exist. Most of them have been destroyed as a result of construction and encroachment activities. This has destroyed the natural catchment area. [3] Together these factors have made the areas surrounding the river flood prone.
Years of unchecked dumping of trash, as well as illegal encroachments on the banks of the river, has nearly destroyed its ecosystem. [7] Hence it has sparked several restoration projects led by environmental activists as well as concerned citizens over the years.
The Ramnadi Restoration Mission (RRM) is one of the biggest river restoration projects in Pune, [7] involving nearly 15,000 students from 38 colleges, 25 schools and 18 city-based environmental groups, local politicians and residents. [8] [9] It aims to restore the river to at least its state in 1949 (70 years prior). It official started on June 4, 2019. [7] The mission has youth at the heart of its efforts. “We believe that school children are the strongest catalyst between the RRM and the society. In our initiative, we have adopted 1.5 lakh students. When we teach them, they in turn educate their families about the cause.”, says Virēndra Citrav, coordinator of the mission. The 19.2 km long river has been divided into nine stretches of around 2 km each. Each stretch has been allotted to three local colleges, who will carry out the mission's 40-point program designed to form a bond between the students and the river. Activities include cleaning the water body, natural farming, workshops on film-making, and competitions like elocution, photography and painting. Students are encouraged to create artifacts from garbage retrieved during river cleanup. [9]
At the same time, environmental groups in the RRM address the more fundamental aspects of restoration. Phase 1 of the project involves the rejuvenation of Khatpewadi lake. Removal of silt from the water body will help increase its capacity, the silt will be used to reduce the gradient of its banks. Plantation of trees along the bank will also be done. Construction of artificial islands in the lake is also being considered to provide ample space for migratory birds to nest and rest. [7] Phase 1 is expected to span over a period of 3 years. [8] Initial restoration efforts part of Phase 1, resulted in a 25% increase in the water sustaining capacity of the Khatpewadi lake. [10] In February 2022, the RRM announced its plan to convert the lake into a lotus lake. [11] Led by Saṅjay Gurav, a fine arts teacher from Khāmgāv in Vidarbha, the efforts are expected to enhance the health of the water near the source of the Ramnadi.
Experts and environmentalist working with the Ramnadi Restoration Mission prepared a report titled "Ramnadi Flood Report" which analysed the unprecedented flooding of the river during the 2019 monsoon. Key points included loss of tree cover and encroachment by buildings and strongly emphasised the need for flood mapping. The report was submitted to the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). [12] [13]
In June 2021, the PMC "agreed in principle" to set up a dedicated committee to streamline the restoration efforts of the RRM. PMC commissioner Vikram Kumar approved the demand to prepare an independent development plan for Ramnadi and invite the representatives of the NGOs to be part of the committee, with the mayor as the chairman. [14] The gram panchayats of Bhukum and Bhugaon have taken action to show their support for the efforts of the RRM - in April 2022, they issued notices to the PMC and the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) to halt excavation work for a garbage collection facility that falls too close to Ramnadi's floodlines. [15]
The 2005 Maharashtra floods impacted many parts of the Indian state of Maharashtra including large areas of the metropolis Mumbai, a city located on the coast of the Arabian Sea, on the Western coast of India, in which approximately 1,094 people died. It occurred just one month after the June 2005 Gujarat floods. The term 26 July, is used to refer to the day when the city of Mumbai came to a standstill due to flooding.
The MeenachilRiver or Meenachilaar, also known as Kavanar, Valanjar, is a river in Kerala. It is one of the most treacherous rivers in Kerala due to its flash floods, heavy undercurrents and woods and debris it carries from the mountains. It flows through the heart of Kottayam district, Kerala state in southern India. 78km long, originates in the Western Ghats main tributaries are Theekoy aaru from Vagamon hills, Poonjar Aaru and Chittar, flowing westward through the city of Kottayam and other towns like Poonjar, Teekoy, Erattupetta, Bharananganam, Pala, Mutholy, Cherpunkal, Kidangoor and Kumarakom before emptying into the Vembanad Lake on the shore of the Indian Ocean.
The Mula is a river in Pune, in Maharashtra state of India. It is dammed near the Western Ghats at the Mulshi Dam that forms the Mulshi Lake. Further downstream, in Pune city, it merges with the Pawana River on the left bank and Mutha River on the right bank to form the Mula-Mutha river, which later meets the Bhima River.
Gurgaon district, officially known as Gurugram district, is one of the 22 districts of Haryana in northern India. The city of Gurgaon is the administrative headquarters of the district. The population is 1,514,432. It is one of the southern districts of Haryana. On its north, it is bounded by the district of Jhajjar and the Union Territory of Delhi. Faridabad district lies to its east. To its south lie the districts of Palwal and Nuh. To the west lies Rewari district.
Jyotisar, on the bank of Jyotisar Sarovar wetland, is a Hindu pilgrimage site in the city of Kurukshetra in Haryana state of India. According to Hindu tradition, Krishna delivered the sermon of Bhagavad Gita - the doctrine of Karma and Dharma to his wavering friend Arjuna to guide him to resolve his ethical dilemma and revealed his vishvarupa to him.
Aundh is an upscale, affluent neighbourhood in the city of Pune, India. Since its inception in the mid-1990s, Aundh has developed significantly as a residential area with proximity to the University of Pune.
Pashan is suburb of Pune, India. It is located off the Mumbai-Bangalore national highway, by-passing Pune city. Pashan road serves as the main approach road for Mumbai-Pune expressway. Pashan is bordered by Baner in north, Sus on west, Bavdhan in south and Pune University in east. It was majorly developed by the D R Kulhalli Company. Pashan is mostly a residential suburb of Pune and large portions are occupied by various governmental and educational institutions. In October 2019, Pashan received more rainfall than the wettest place on Earth.
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is the civic body that governs the inner limits of Pune, India. It is in charge of the civic needs and infrastructure of the metropolis, which is spread over an area of 484.61 sq. km. and has 3.4 million residents. Established on 15 February 1950, the executive power of the PMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra. The position is held by Vikram Kumar, IAS.The general body of the PMC consists of 162 directly elected councilors, popularly known as "corporators", headed by a mayor. Murlidhar Mohol (BJP) was elected as the mayor and Sunita Wadekar as the deputy mayor by the newly elected in April 2021. The land for Pune Municipal Corporation was donated by Late Hon. Shri. Bhausaheb Shirole (Patil) who was second Mayor of Pune city and later became an MLC. The Pune Municipal Corporation has launched an e-Governance initiative, with the goal of leveraging Information Technology to mobilize Government resources and optimize their utilization in order to provide a superior level of service.
The Mula-Mutha is a river in India, formed by the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers in the city of Pune, Maharashtra state, which later flows into the Bhima River, which itself is a tributary of the Krishna River and finally empties into the Bay of Bengal.
Pune Metro is a mass rapid transit system serving the city of Pune, India. The system comprises 3 lines with a combined length of 54.14 km (33.64 mi), of which 24.12 km (14.99 mi) on two lines are operational as of August 2023.The extended metro line from Ruby Hall Clinic to Ramwadi, including the Bund Garden, Kalyani Nagar and Ramwadi metro stations, covering a distance of 6 km, was inaugrated on 6 March 2024. The 16.59 km (10.31 mi) Purple Line from PCMC Bhavan to Swargate runs on an elevated viaduct between PCMC Bhavan to Range Hills, from where it goes underground. The Aqua Line runs from Vanaz to Ramwadi covering a distance of 14.66 km (9.11 mi) on an elevated viaduct. The 23.33 km (14.50 mi) elevated Line 3 will run from the Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi via Balewadi to Civil Court. All three lines will align at the Civil Court interchange station.
Lakes and tanks in the metropolitan area of Greater Bangalore and the district of Bangalore Urban are reservoirs of varying sizes constructed over a number of centuries by various empires and dynasties for rainwater harvesting. Historically, these reservoirs were primarily either irrigation tanks or for the water supply, with secondary uses such as bathing and washing. The need for creating and sustaining these man-made dammed freshwater reservoirs was created by the absence of a major river nearby coupled with a growing settlement. As Bangalore grew from a small settlement into a city, both of the primary historical uses of the tanks changed. Agricultural land witnessed urbanization and alternate sources of water were provisioned, such as through borewells, piped reservoir water and later river water from further away.
Balewadi is a residential suburban town of Pune, located in the city's Western Metropolitan Corridor. It is famous for the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex which had hosted both the National Games in 1994 and the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. The complex had also hosted the second edition of Khelo India Youth Games, which kicked off on 9 January 2019.
The Adyar River, originating near the Chembarambakkam Lake in Kanchipuram district, is one of the three rivers which winds through Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India, and joins the Bay of Bengal at the Adyar estuary. The 42.5-kilometre (26.4 mi) long river contributes to the estuarine ecosystem of Chennai. Despite the high pollution levels, boating and fishing take place in this river. The river collects surplus water from about 200 tanks and lakes, small streams and the rainwater drains in the city, with a combined catchment area of 860 square kilometres (331 sq mi). Most of the waste from the city is drained into this river and the Cooum.
Baner is a suburb in the Western Metropolitan Corridor of Pune, India. Baner is well known for "Varkari" Parampara and Bhakti Aradhana from many years. Baner is bordered by Pashan in south, Balewadi to the west, Aundh to the north and Pune University to the east.
The Baner-Pashan Biodiversity Park is a proposed 200 hectare protected region currently under development in the Baner and Pashan suburbs of Pune, India by the Pune Municipal Corporation. The park is being constructed to protect the biodiversity near and around the Baner Hill and its spur, the Pashan Hill.
Pimple Saudagar is an upscale neighbourhood in the city of Pune, India. Situated 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Chinchwad and closeby to prominent suburbs of Baner, Wakad, and Aundh, the locality is a progressive residential area that attracts the newer population of the city.
Wakad is a neighbourhood in the city of Pimpri-Chinchwad, India. Given its close proximity to Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi, Wakad has recently emerged to be a popular neighbourhood for techies and expats. It is very diverse and cosmopolitan.
Pallavaram Lake, also known as Periya aeri or Pallavaram aeri, is situated along Pallavaram Thuraipakkam Radial Road. It used to be a large lake, but it dried up and was polluted by industrial wastewater and garbage.
Pashan Lake is an artificial lake near the suburb of Pashan, about 12 km from the city center of Pune, India. The lake was built in the British era to accommodate the water requirement of the neighbourhood. The main inlet of the lake is a small river (Ramnadi), which is even controlled by the barrage located to the north of the lake. The river originates from Bavdhan and flows via Pashan, Sutarwadi, Baner to Someshwarwadi before flowing into the main Mula river. Pashan lake has a total catchment area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi), and serves as a source of water to the old Pashan village, and the governor's residence, as well. Recent urbanisation around the lake has led to the fall in the quality of the water.
Bavdhan is a suburb located along the Western Metropolitan Corridor of Pune, Maharashtra, India. It has become a popular residential area and features cafés and newly opened brand stores. Bavdhan is surrounded by hills, showcasing its natural beauty. Just off the Mumbai-Bangalore national highway, Bavdhan serves as the outlet for Mumbai-Pune expressway. Bavdhan, consisting of Chandani Chowk, is bordered by Pashan on the North, Bhugaon village on the West, NDA reserved forest area on the South and Kothrud on its Eastbound Exit.