Remain in Light

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Byrne has described the album's final mix as a "spiritual" piece of work, "joyous and ecstatic and yet it's serious"; he has pointed out that, in the end, there was "less Africanism in Remain in Light than we implied ... but the African ideas were far more important to get across than specific rhythms". [14] According to Eno, the record uniquely blends funk and punk rock or new wave music. [9] None of the compositions include chord changes, relying instead on the use of different harmonics and notes. [25] "Spidery riffs" and layered tracks of bass and percussion are used extensively. [13]

The first side contains the more rhythmic songs, "Born Under Punches (The Heat Goes On)", "Crosseyed and Painless", and "The Great Curve", which include long instrumental interludes. [50] "The Great Curve" contains extended guitar solos by Belew, the first contributions that he made during his day in the studio. [23] Despite their electronic qualities, they were developed and performed prior to Belew owning a guitar synthesizer, and were achieved by him playing his Fender Stratocaster through a Roland Jazz Chorus 120 amplifier plus four effects pedals (a Big Muff, an Alembic Strat-o-Blaster reverb unit, an unidentified equalizer and an Electric Mistress flanger). [24]

The second side features more introspective songs. [50] "Once in a Lifetime" pays homage to early rap techniques and the music of the Velvet Underground. [10] The track was originally called "Weird Guitar Riff Song" because of its composition. [49] It was conceived as a single riff before the band added a second, boosted riff on top of the first. Eno alternated eight bars of each riff with corresponding bars of its counterpart. [13] "Houses in Motion" incorporates long brass performances by Hassell, while "Listening Wind" features Arabic music elements and Belew adding textural content via the Electric Mistress and "(bending) the sound up and down while working a delay and the volume control on my guitar". [24] The final track on the album, "The Overload", features "tribal-cum-industrial" beats created primarily by Harrison and Byrne, [50] plus Belew's "growling guitar atmospherics". [24]

Packaging and title

Grumman Avengers, used by the US Navy, in which Weymouth's father had served, inspired the initial cover art, later used on the back of the LP sleeve after the album name change. Grummannavy.PNG
Grumman Avengers, used by the US Navy, in which Weymouth's father had served, inspired the initial cover art, later used on the back of the LP sleeve after the album name change.

Weymouth and Frantz conceived the cover art with the help of Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Walter Bender and his ArcMac team (the precursor to the MIT Media Lab). [27] [51] Using Melody Attack as inspiration, the couple created a collage of red warplanes flying in formation over the Himalayas. [27] The planes are an artistic depiction of Grumman Avenger planes in honor of Weymouth's father, Ralph Weymouth, who was a US Navy Admiral. [47] The idea for the back cover included simple portraits of the band members. Weymouth attended MIT regularly during the summer of 1980 and worked with Bender's colleague, Scott Fisher, on the computer renditions of the ideas. The process was tortuous because computer power was limited in the early 1980s and the mainframe alone took up several rooms. [27] Weymouth and Fisher shared a passion for masks and used the concept to experiment with the portraits. The faces (except for eyes, noses and mouths) were blotted out with blocks of red colour. Weymouth considered superimposing Eno's face on top of all four portraits to insinuate his egotism—Eno wanted to be on the cover art—but decided against it. [52]

The rest of the artwork and the liner notes were crafted by the graphic designer Tibor Kalman and his company M&Co. [51] [52] Kalman was a fervent critic of formalism and professional design in art and advertisements. [53] He offered his services for free to create publicity, and discussed using unconventional materials such as sandpaper and velour for the LP sleeve. Weymouth, who was skeptical of hiring a designing firm, vetoed Kalman's ideas and held firm on the MIT computerized images. The designing process made the band members realize that the title Melody Attack was "too flippant" for the music, and they adopted Remain in Light instead. [52] Byrne has said, "Besides not being all that melodic, the music had something to say that at the time seemed new, transcendent, and maybe even revolutionary, at least for funk rock songs." The image of the warplanes was relegated to the back of the sleeve and the doctored portraits became the front cover. Kalman later suggested that the planes were not removed altogether because they seemed appropriate during the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979–81. [50]

Weymouth advised Kalman that she wanted simple typography in a bold sans serif font. [50] M&Co. complied, with Kalman coming up with the idea of inverting the "A"s in "TALKING HEADS". [54] Weymouth and Frantz decided to use the joint credit acronym C/T for the artwork, while Bender and Fisher used initials and code names because the project was not an official MIT venture. [50] The design credits read "HCL, JPT, DDD, WALTER GP, PAUL, C/T". [47] The final mass-produced version of Remain in Light had one of the first computer-designed record jackets. [10] Psychoanalyst Michael A. Brog has called its front cover a "disarming image, which suggests both splitting and obliteration of identity", and which introduces the listener to the album's recurring theme of "identity disturbance"; he has said, "The image is in bleak contrast to the title with the obscured images of the band members unable to 'remain in light'." [11]

Talking Heads and Eno originally agreed to credit all songs in alphabetical order to "David Byrne, Brian Eno, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison and Tina Weymouth" after failing to devise an accurate formula for the split, [52] but the album was released with the label credit: "all songs written by David Byrne & Brian Eno (except "Houses In Motion" and 'The Overload", written by David Byrne, Brian Eno & Jerry Harrison)". [12] Frantz, Harrison, and Weymouth disputed the credits, especially for a process they had partly funded. [19] According to Weymouth, Byrne told Kalman to doctor the credits on Eno's advice. [47] Later editions credit all band members. [55] Frantz said, "we felt very burned by the credits dispute". [19]

Promotion and release

Talking Heads hired five additional musicians for the Remain in Light promotional tours. Talking Heads band1.jpg
Talking Heads hired five additional musicians for the Remain in Light promotional tours.

Brian Eno advised Talking Heads that the music on Remain in Light was too dense for a quartet to perform. [28] The band expanded to nine musicians for the tours in support of the album. The augmenting members recruited by Harrison were Belew, Funkadelic keyboardist Bernie Worrell, bassist Busta "Cherry" Jones, Ashford & Simpson percussionist Steven Scales, and backing vocalist Dolette MacDonald. [4] The larger group performed soundchecks in Frantz's and Weymouth's loft by following the rhythms established by Worrell, who had studied at the New England Conservatory and Juilliard School. [56]

The expanded band's first appearance was on August 23, 1980, at the Heatwave festival in Canada in front of 70,000 people; Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times called the band's new music a "rock-funk sound with dramatic, near show-stopping force". [57] On August 27, the expanded Talking Heads performed a showcase of tracks to an 8,000-person full house audience at the Wollman Rink as well as approximately another 10,000 seated on the grass outside the walls in New York City's Central Park. [58] The Canada and New York gigs were the only ones initially planned, but Sire Records decided to support the nine-member band on an extended tour. [4] After the promotional tour, the band went on hiatus for several years, leaving the individual members to pursue a variety of side projects. [45]

Remain in Light was released worldwide on October 8, 1980, and received its world premiere, airing in its entirety, on October 10 on WDFM. [59] According to writer David Sheppard, "it was received as a great cultural event as much as a vivid art-pop record." [39] Unusually, the album's press release included a bibliography submitted by Byrne and Eno citing books by Chernoff and others to provide context for how the songs were conceived. While the publicity shaped the album's critical reputation, not everybody was on board. “I didn't read those books,” said an incensed Weymouth. [60]

Remain in Light was certified Gold by the Canadian Recording Industry Association in February 1981 after shipping 50,000 copies, [61] and by Recording Industry Association of America in September 1985 after shipping 500,000. [62] Over one million copies have been sold worldwide. [63]

Critical reception

Remain in Light
TalkingHeadsRemaininLight.jpg
Studio album by
ReleasedOctober 8, 1980 (1980-10-08)
RecordedJuly–August 1980
Studio
Genre
Length40:10
Label Sire
Producer Brian Eno
Talking Heads chronology
Fear of Music
(1979)
Remain in Light
(1980)
The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads
(1982)
Singles from Remain in Light
  1. "Once in a Lifetime"
    Released: January 1981
  2. "Houses in Motion"
    Released: May 1981 [1]
  3. "Born Under Punches (The Heat Goes On)"
    Released: August 1981 (Japan)
  4. "Crosseyed and Painless"
    Released: November 1981 (Germany)
Retrospective professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [64]
Chicago Tribune Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [65]
Christgau's Record Guide A [66]
The Irish Times Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [67]
Mojo Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [68]
Pitchfork 10/10 [40]
Rolling Stone Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [69]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [70]
Spin Alternative Record Guide 10/10 [71]
Uncut Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svg [72]

The album attained widespread acclaim from media outlets. Ken Tucker of Rolling Stone felt it was a brave and absorbing attempt to locate a common ground in the early 1980s' divergent and often hostile musical genres; he concluded, "Remain in Light yields scary, funny music to which you can dance and think, think and dance, dance and think, ad infinitum ." [73] Robert Christgau, in The Village Voice , called the record one "in which David Byrne conquers his fear of music in a visionary Afrofunk synthesis—clear-eyed, detached, almost mystically optimistic". [74] Michael Kulp of the Daily Collegian wrote that the album deserved the tag "classic" like each of the band's three previous full-length releases, [75] while John Rockwell, writing in The New York Times , suggested that it confirmed Talking Heads' position as "America's most venturesome rock band". [76] Sandy Robertson of Sounds praised the record's innovation, [77] while Billboard wrote, "Just about every LP Talking Heads has released in the last four years has wound up on virtually every critics' best of list. Remain in Light should be no exception." [78]

AllMusic's William Ruhlmann wrote that Talking Heads' musical transition, first witnessed in Fear of Music, came to full fruition in Remain in Light: "Talking Heads were connecting with an audience ready to follow their musical evolution, and the album was so inventive and influential." [64] In the 1995 Spin Alternative Record Guide , Jeff Salamon praised Eno for reining in any excessive appropriations of African music. [71] In 2004, Slant Magazine 's Barry Walsh labeled its results "simply magical" after the band turned rock music into a more global entity in terms of its musical and lyrical scope. [79] In a 2008 review, Sean Fennessey of Vibe concluded, "Talking Heads took African polyrhythms to NYC and made a return trip with elegant, alien post-punk in tow." [32]

Accolades and legacy

Remain in Light was named the best album of 1980 by Sounds, ahead of the Skids' The Absolute Game , and by Melody Maker , [80] [81] while The New York Times included it in its unnumbered shortlist of the 10 best records issued that year. [82] It figured highly in other end-of-year best album lists, notably at number two, behind The Clash's London Calling , by Christgau, [83] and at number six by NME . [84] It featured at number three—behind London Calling and Bruce Springsteen's The River —in The Village Voice's 1980 Pazz & Jop critics' poll, which aggregates the votes of hundreds of prominent reviewers. [85]

"So they congregated in a Nassau studio with Brian Eno and created a record without precedent ... Both daringly experimental and pop-accessible, Remain in Light may be the Talking Heads' defining moment." [86]

Pitchfork's Ryan Schreiber in 2002

In 1989, Rolling Stone named Remain in Light the fourth-best album of the 1980s. [87] In 1993, it was included at number 11 in NME's list of The 50 Greatest Albums Of The '80s, [88] and at number 68 in the publication's Greatest Albums Of All Time list. [89] In 1997, The Guardian collated worldwide data from renowned critics, artists, and radio DJs, which placed the record at number 43 in the list of the 100 Best Albums Ever. [90] In 1999, it was included by Vibe as one of its 100 Essential Albums Of The 20th Century. [91] In 2000 it was voted number 227 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums . [92] In 2002, Pitchfork featured Remain in Light at number two behind Sonic Youth's Daydream Nation in its Top 100 Albums Of The 1980s list. [86] In 2003, VH1 named the record at number 88 during its 100 Greatest Albums countdown, [93] while Slant Magazine included it in its unnumbered shortlist of 50 Essential Pop Albums. [94] Rolling Stone placed it at number 129 in its December 2015 issue of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time", higher than three other Talking Heads releases. [16] In 2006, Q ranked Remain in Light at number 27 in its list of the 40 Best Albums of the 80s. [95] In 2012, Slant listed the album sixth on its list of the "Best Albums of the 1980s". [96] In 2020, Rolling Stone included Remain in Light in its "80 Greatest albums of 1980" list, praising the band for fusing "new Wave, world beat, funk, and more, which resulted in the most danceable record of their career." [97] The same year, Rolling Stone ranked it number 39 on its updated list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". [98]

The English band Radiohead credited Remain in Light as a major influence on their 2000 album Kid A . [99] The guitarist Jonny Greenwood had assumed Remain in Light was composed of loops, but later learnt from Harrison that Talking Heads had played the parts repetitively. Greenwood said: "It's played the same exact thing for five minutes, which is really interesting. And that's why it's not exhausting to listen to because you're not hearing the same piece of music over and over again. You're hearing it slightly different every time. There's a lesson there." [100]

In 2018, the Beninese singer Angélique Kidjo released a song-for-song cover of Remain in Light (produced by Jeff Bhasker and released on his Kravenworks label). She described herself as a longtime fan of the song "Once in a Lifetime" and wanting to pay tribute to the album by emphasizing its inspiration from African music. [101] [102]

In 2022, Harrison and Belew united for three concert dates in honor of the album's 40th anniversary, where they played all of Remain in Light plus several more Talking Heads songs. In 2023 they expanded the project to a full North American tour. [103] [104]

Track listing

All lyrics are written by David Byrne, except "Born Under Punches (The Heat Goes On)" and "Crosseyed and Painless", written by David Byrne and Brian Eno; all music is composed by Byrne, Eno, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison and Tina Weymouth

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Born Under Punches (The Heat Goes On)"5:49
2."Crosseyed and Painless"4:48
3."The Great Curve"6:28
Side two
No.TitleLength
1."Once in a Lifetime"4:19
2."Houses in Motion"4:33
3."Seen and Not Seen"3:25
4."Listening Wind"4:43
5."The Overload"6:25

Personnel

Those involved in the making of Remain in Light were: [50] [51] [55]

Talking Heads

Additional musicians

Production

Charts

Weekly sales chart performance of Remain in Light
Chart (1980/81)Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report) [105] 25
Canadian Albums Chart [106] 6
New Zealand Albums Chart [107] 8
Norwegian Albums Chart [107] 28
Swedish Albums Chart [107] 26
UK Albums Chart [108] 21
US Billboard 200 [4] 19
Weekly chart performance for Remain in Light
Chart (2023)Peak
position
Croatian International Albums (HDU) [109] 10
Hungarian Physical Albums (MAHASZ) [110] 23
Year-end chart performance for Remain in Light
Chart (1981)Position
US Billboard 200 [111] 87

Certifications and sales

Sales certifications for Remain in Light
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada) [112] Gold50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI) [113] Gold100,000
United States (RIAA) [114] Gold500,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

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Bibliography

Further reading