Rye (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Rye
Former county constituency
for the House of Commons
County East Sussex
Major settlements Rye
1955–1983
SeatsOne
Created from Hastings
Replaced by Hastings and Rye, Bexhill and Battle and Wealden [1]
1885–1950
Type of constituency County constituency
Replaced by Eastbourne, East Grinstead and Hastings
1366–1885
Seats1366–1640: One
1640–1832: Two
1832–1885: One
Type of constituency Borough constituency

Rye was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Rye in East Sussex. It returned two Members of Parliament to the Parliament of England before 1707, Parliament of Great Britain until 1801 and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its representation was halved under the Reform Act 1832.

Contents

From the 1832 general election, Rye returned one Member of Parliament until its abolition for the 1950 general election, when the town of Rye itself was transferred to the redrawn Hastings constituency.

The constituency was re-created for the 1955 general election, and abolished again for the 1983 general election.

Boundaries

1885–1918: The Municipal Boroughs of Hastings and Rye, the Sessional Divisions of Battle, Burwash, Frant, Hastings, and Rye, the ancient town of Winchelsea, and the Liberty of the Sluice and Petit Iham.

1918–1950: The Municipal Boroughs of Bexhill and Rye, the Urban District of Battle, the Rural Districts of Battle, Hastings, Rye, and Ticehurst, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the civil parishes of Heathfield, Herstmonceux, Hooe, Ninfield, Warbleton, and Wartling.

1955–1983: The Municipal Boroughs of Bexhill and Rye, the Rural District of Battle, and part of the Rural District of Hailsham.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1366–1640

ParliamentFirst MemberSecond Member
1372 John Salerne
1373 John Salerne
1381 Simon Lunceford [2]
1386 Stephen Elyot John Baddyng [3]
1388 (Feb) Stephen Elyot William Marchaunt [3]
1388 (Sep) William atte Vawte John Macop [3]
1390 (Jan) Laurence Lunceford Laurence Corboyle [3]
1390 (Nov)
1391 John Salerne Laurence Lunceford [3]
1393 John Baddyng John Bertelot [3]
1394
1395 John Baddyng William Ormed [3]
1397 (Jan) Richard Tichebourne John Langeport [3]
1397 (Sep)
1399 John Baddyng William atte Vawte [3]
1401
1402 John Baddyng John Roberd [3]
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406 William atte Vawte Laurence Mersey [3]
1407 John Baddyng Thomas Long [3]
1410 John Shelley William Long
1411
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May) William Long Robert Onewyn [3]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov) William Long Robert Onewyn [3]
1415
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct)
1417 John Shelley Richard Posterf [3]
1419 Robert Onewyn William Long [3]
1420 John Shelley William Long [3]
1421 (May) Robert Onewyn Thomas Piers [3]
1421 (Dec) William Thirlwall John Shelley [3]
1504 Richard Berkeley
1510 Nicholas Sutton Richard Berkeley [3]
1512 Nicholas Sutton Robert Mede [3]
1515 Robert Mede Nicholas Sutton [3]
1523 Thomas Cheseman alias Baker Thomas Basseden [3]
1529 Nicholas Sutton, died
and replaced by 1534 by Richard Inglet 		John Fletcher [3]
1536 Richard Inglet John Fletcher [3]
1539 Thomas Birchet William Mede [3]
1542 John Fletcher William Oxenbridge [3]
1545 Alexander Welles Robert Wymond [3]
1547 Alexander Welles George Reynolds [3]
1553 (Mar) Richard Fletcher John Holmes [3]
1553 (Oct) Clement Heigham John Holmes [3]
1554 (Apr) John Holmes Richard Fletcher [3]
1554 (Nov) John Holmes Thomas Smith [3]
1555 John Holmes Reginald Mohun [3]
1558 Thomas Fletcher Thomas Cheyne [3]
1559 Richard Fletcher I Robert Marche [4]
1562–3 George Reynolds I John Bredes [4]
1571 John Donning Thomas Fanshawe [4]
1572 Clement Cobbe, died
and replaced July 1575 by Robert Carpenter 		Henry Gaymer [4]
1584 John Hammond Robert Carpenter [4]
1586 Henry Gaymer Robert Carpenter [4]
1588–9 Audley Dannett Robert Carpenter [4]
1593 Henry Gaymer Robert Carpenter [4]
1597 Sampson Lennard Thomas Hamon [4]
1601Sir Arthur Gorges Thomas Colepeper [4]
1604–1611 Thomas Hamon, died
and replaced by Heneage Finch 		John Young
1614 Edward Hendon Thomas Watson
1621–1622 Emanuel Gifford John Angell
1624 Thomas Conway Sir Edward Conway, sat for Warwick
and replaced by John Angel
1625 Thomas Fotherley Sir John Sackville
1626 Thomas Fotherley Sir John Sackville
1628 Richard Tufton Thomas Fotherley
1629–1640No Parliaments summoned

MPs 1640–1832

YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
April 1640 John Culpepper
November 1640 Sir John Jacob [5] Royalist John White Royalist
1641 William Hay Parliamentarian
February 1644White disabled from sitting - seat vacant
1645 John Fagg
1653Rye was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654 Herbert Morley Rye had only one seat in the First and
Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656 William Hay
January 1659 Mark Thomas
May 1659 Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660 Herbert Morley William Hay
May 1661 Richard Spencer
November 1661 Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet
1667 Sir John Austen, 2nd Baronet
February 1679 Thomas Frewen
October 1679 Sir John Darrel
1685Sir Thomas Jenner
January 1689 Sir John Darrel
April 1689 Sir John Austen, 2nd Baronet
1694 Thomas Frewen
1698 Joseph Offley Country Whig
1699 Sir Robert Austen, 3rd Baronet
1701 Thomas Fagg
1702 Edward Southwell
1705 Philip Herbert
1707 Phillips Gybbon Whig
1708 Admiral Sir John Norris
1722 The Lord Aylmer
1727 John Norris
1733 Matthew Norris
1734 Admiral Sir John Norris
1749 Thomas Pelham
1754 George Onslow
1761Captain John Bentinck
1762 John Norris
1768 Rose Fuller
1774 Middleton Onslow
1775 Hon. Thomas Onslow
1777 William Dickinson
1784 Charles Wolfran Cornwall
1789 Charles Long Tory
1790 Hon. Robert Jenkinson [6] Tory [7]
1796 Robert Dundas Tory [7]
1801 The Lord de Blaquiere Tory [7]
1802 Thomas Davis Lamb Tory [7]
1803 by-election Sir Charles Talbot Tory [7]
April 1806 by-election Major General the Hon. Sir Arthur Wellesley Tory [7]
November 1806 Patrick Craufurd Bruce Whig [7] Michael Angelo Taylor Whig [7]
May 1807 Sir John Nicholl Tory [7] The Earl of Clancarty Tory [7]
July 1807 by-election Sir William Elford Tory [7] Stephen Rumbold Lushington Tory [7]
1808 by-election William Jacob Tory [7]
October 1812 Thomas Phillipps Lamb Tory [7] Sir Henry Sullivan
also elected at Lincoln		 Tory [7]
December 1812 by-election Charles Wetherell Tory [7]
1813 by-election Richard Arkwright Tory [7]
1816 by-election John Maberly Whig [7]
1818 Charles Arbuthnot [8] Tory Peter Browne Tory [7]
February 1819 by-election Thomas Phillipps Lamb Tory [7]
July 1819 John Dodson Tory [7]
1823 by-election Robert Knight Whig [7]
1826 Richard Arkwright Tory [7] Henry Bonham Tory [7]
March 1830 by-election Philip Pusey [9] Tory [7]
May 1830 De Lacy Evans Radical [7]
August 1830 Hugh Duncan Baillie Whig [7] Francis Robert Bonham Tory [7]
1831 Thomas Pemberton Tory [7] De Lacy Evans Radical [7]
1832 Representation reduced to one member

MPs 1832–1950

ElectionMemberParty
1832 Edward Barrett Curteis Whig [10] [7]
1837 Thomas Gybbon Monypenny Conservative [7]
1841 Herbert Barrett Curteis Whig [11] [7] [12]
1847 by-election Herbert Mascall Curteis Whig
1852 William Alexander Mackinnon (younger) Whig
1853 by-election William Alexander Mackinnon (elder) Peelite [13] [14] [15]
1859 Liberal
1865 Lauchlan Bellingham Mackinnon Liberal
1868 John Gathorne-Hardy Conservative
1880 Frederick Inderwick Liberal
1885 Arthur Montagu Brookfield Conservative
1903 by-election Charles Frederick Hutchinson Liberal
1906 George Courthope Conservative
1945 William Cuthbert Conservative
1950 constituency abolished

MPs 1955–1983

ElectionMemberParty
1955 Godman Irvine Conservative
1983 constituency abolished

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

Bonham resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 1 March 1830: Rye [7] [16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory Philip Pusey 10 83.3
Radical George de Lacy Evans 216.7
Majority866.6
Turnout 12c. 60.0
Registered electors c. 20
Tory hold Swing N/A
General election 1830: Rye [16] [7]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Hugh Duncan Baillie 12 33.3
Tory Francis Robert Bonham 12 33.3
Radical George de Lacy Evans 616.7
Whig Benjamin Smith616.7
Turnout 18c. 90.0
Registered electors c. 20
Majority00.0N/A
Whig gain from Tory Swing
Majority616.6
Tory hold Swing
General election 1831: Rye [16] [7]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical George de Lacy Evans 7 41.2 +24.5
Tory Thomas Pemberton 5 29.4 +12.8
Tory Philip Pusey 317.6+1.0
Whig Benjamin Smith211.8−21.5
Whig Alexander Donovan00.0−16.7
Turnout 10c. 50.0c. −40.0
Registered electors c. 20
Majority529.4N/A
Radical gain from Whig Swing +21.8
Majority211.8−4.8
Tory hold Swing +16.0
General election 1832: Rye [17] [7]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Edward Barrett Curteis 162 55.9 +44.1
Radical George de Lacy Evans 12844.1+2.9
Majority3411.8N/A
Turnout 29068.7c. +18.7
Registered electors 422
Whig gain from Radical Swing +20.6
General election 1835: Rye [17] [7]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Edward Barrett Curteis 211 67.6 +11.7
Conservative Thomas Gybbon Monypenny 10132.4New
Majority11035.2+23.4
Turnout 31266.2−2.5
Registered electors 471
Whig hold Swing +11.7
General election 1837: Rye [17] [7]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Thomas Gybbon Monypenny Unopposed
Registered electors 523
Conservative gain from Whig

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Rye [7] [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Herbert Barrett Curteis 262 70.8 New
Conservative Charles Frewen 10829.2N/A
Majority15441.6N/A
Turnout 37064.7N/A
Registered electors 572
Whig gain from Conservative Swing N/A
General election 1847: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Herbert Barrett Curteis 239 67.9 −2.9
Conservative Benjamin Bacon Williams [18] 11332.1+2.9
Majority12635.8−5.8
Turnout 35261.3−3.4
Registered electors 574
Whig hold Swing −2.9

Curteis' death caused a by-election.

By-election, 23 December 1847: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Herbert Mascall Curteis Unopposed
Whig hold

Curteis' election was declared void on petition on 27 March 1848, due to insufficient notice being given of the election, causing a by-election. [19]

By-election, 6 April 1848: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Herbert Mascall Curteis Unopposed
Whig hold

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig William Alexander Mackinnon (younger) 240 53.6 −14.3
Conservative Richard Curteis Pomfret [20] 20846.4+14.3
Majority327.2−28.6
Turnout 44879.7+18.4
Registered electors 562
Whig hold Swing −14.3

Mackinnon was unseated when his election was declared void on petition due to bribery and treating, causing a by-election. [21] £220 was left behind a sofa cushion at the Red Lion to pay for a dinner. [22]

By-election, 23 May 1853: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Peelite William Alexander Mackinnon (elder) 216 54.0 +0.4
Conservative Richard Curteis Pomfret18446.0−0.4
Majority328.0+0.8
Turnout 40078.7−1.0
Registered electors 508
Peelite gain from Whig Swing +0.4
General election 1857: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Peelite William Alexander Mackinnon (elder)Unopposed
Registered electors 462
Peelite gain from Whig
General election 1859: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal William Alexander Mackinnon (elder)Unopposed
Registered electors 470
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Lauchlan Bellingham Mackinnon 180 51.1 N/A
Conservative William Macdonald Macdonald [23] 17248.9New
Majority82.2N/A
Turnout 35294.4N/A
Registered electors 373
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1868: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Hardy 513 50.7 +1.8
Liberal William Jones-Loyd [24] 49949.3−1.8
Majority141.4N/A
Turnout 1,01283.8−10.6
Registered electors 1,208
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.8

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Hardy 597 52.6 +1.9
Liberal Albert Fytche [25] 53947.4−1.9
Majority585.2+3.8
Turnout 1,13688.3+4.5
Registered electors 1,287
Conservative hold Swing +1.9

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Rye [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Frederick Inderwick 626 50.3 +2.9
Conservative John Gathorne-Hardy 61849.7−2.9
Majority80.6N/A
Turnout 1,24489.6+1.3
Registered electors 1,389
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +2.9
Inderwick Frederick Andrew Inderwick.jpg
Inderwick
General election 1885: Rye [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Arthur Montagu Brookfield 4,526 51.3 +1.6
Liberal Frederick Inderwick 4,30348.7−1.6
Majority2232.6N/A
Turnout 8,82985.7−3.9
Registered electors 10,304
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.6
General election 1886: Rye [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Arthur Montagu Brookfield 4,592 59.7 +8.4
Liberal George Julius de Reuter3,09440.3−8.4
Majority1,49819.4+16.8
Turnout 7,68674.6−11.1
Registered electors 10,304
Conservative hold Swing +8.4

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Rye [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Arthur Montagu Brookfield 4,699 54.1 −5.6
Lib-Lab George M. Ball 3,98845.9+5.6
Majority7118.2−11.2
Turnout 8,68777.8+3.2
Registered electors 11,159
Conservative hold Swing -5.6
General election 1895: Rye [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Arthur Montagu Brookfield Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1900s

Hutchinson Charles Hutchinson.jpg
Hutchinson
General election 1900: Rye [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Arthur Montagu Brookfield 5,376 65.1 N/A
Liberal Charles Frederick Hutchinson 2,88734.9New
Majority2,48930.2N/A
Turnout 8,26369.7N/A
Registered electors 11,856
Conservative hold Swing N/A
1903 Rye by-election [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Charles Frederick Hutchinson 4,910 52.9 +18.0
Conservative Edward Boyle 4,37647.1−18.0
Majority5345.8N/A
Turnout 9,28674.0+4.3
Registered electors 12,543
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +18.0
General election 1906: Rye [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Courthope 6,122 55.2 −9.9
Liberal Charles Frederick Hutchinson 4,96444.8+9.9
Majority1,15810.4−19.8
Turnout 11,08686.3+16.6
Registered electors 12,842
Conservative hold Swing −9.9

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Rye [27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Courthope 7,352 60.8 +5.6
Liberal St John Hutchinson 4,75039.2−5.6
Majority2,60221.6+11.2
Turnout 12,10288.0+1.7
Conservative hold Swing +5.6
General election December 1910: Rye [27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Courthope 6,673 59.9 −0.9
Liberal St John Hutchinson 4,46140.1+0.9
Majority2,21219.8−1.8
Turnout 11,13481.0−7.0
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1918: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
C Unionist George Courthope 10,37872.0+12.1
Liberal George Ellis4,03428.0−12.1
Majority6,34444.0+23.2
Turnout 14,41253.1−27.9
Unionist hold Swing
Cindicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1922: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist George Courthope 10,922 59.3 −12.7
Liberal George Ellis7,48840.7+12.7
Majority3,43418.6−25.4
Turnout 18,48062.4+11.3
Unionist hold Swing -12.7
General election 1923: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist George Courthope 11,167 53.6 −5.7
Liberal George Ellis9,65146.4+5.7
Majority1,5167.2−11.4
Turnout 20,81869.4+7.0
Unionist hold Swing -5.7
General election 1924: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist George Courthope 14,871 67.1 +13.5
Liberal George Ellis7,28932.9−13.5
Majority7,58234.2+27.0
Turnout 22,16071.2+1.8
Unionist hold Swing
General election 1929: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist George Courthope 18,061 56.9 −10.2
Liberal William Stanley Osborn10,19832.1−0.8
Labour George A. Greenwood3,50511.0New
Majority7,86324.8−9.4
Turnout 31,76472.2+1.0
Unionist hold Swing -4.7

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1931: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Courthope Unopposed N/AN/A
Conservative hold
General election 1935: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Courthope 22,604 71.2 N/A
Liberal Dorothy Frances Osborn9,16228.8New
Majority13,44242.4N/A
Turnout 31,76664.2N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

General election 1945: Rye [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative William Cuthbert 19,701 58.6 −12.6
Labour B Simmons7,41422.0New
Liberal Ronald Ogden6,53019.4−9.4
Majority12,28736.6−5.8
Turnout 33,64570.8+6.6
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1955: Rye [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 28,500 72.96
Labour Trevor L Payne10,56027.04
Majority17,94045.92
Turnout 39,06073.39
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1959: Rye [31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 27,465 64.8 −8.2
Liberal John R Murray7,54917.8New
Labour Douglas Sidney Tilbé7,35917.4−9.6
Majority19,91647.0+1.1
Turnout 42,373
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1964: Rye [31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 27,240 59.8 −5.0
Liberal Kenneth Grenville Wellings10,26422.6+4.8
Labour Anthony Edmund Arblaster8,01417.6+0.2
Majority16,97637.2−9.8
Turnout 45,51877.5
Conservative hold Swing -4.9
General election 1966: Rye [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 27,056 58.6 −1.2
Liberal Kenneth Grenville Wellings9,95721.6−1.0
Labour David R Collins9,15519.8+2.2
Majority17,09937.0−0.2
Turnout 46,16875.7−1.8
Conservative hold Swing -0.1

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1970: Rye [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 32,300 64.2 +5.6
Labour Henry Arthur Fountain9,03118.0−1.8
Liberal Robin Kenneth John Frederick Young8,94717.8−3.8
Majority23,26946.2+9.2
Turnout 50,27873.0−2.7
Conservative hold Swing +3.6
General election February 1974: Rye [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 33.591 57.9 −6.3
Liberal Douglas Roland S Moore17,45630.1+12.3
Labour Robert W Harris6,96712.0−6.0
Majority16,13527.8−18.4
Turnout 58,01480.8+7.8
Conservative hold Swing
General election October 1974: Rye [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 30,511 56.9 −1.0
Liberal Douglas Roland S Moore14,82827.6−2.5
Labour David W Threlfall8,30315.5+3.5
Majority15,68329.3+1.5
Turnout 53,64274.2−6.6
Conservative hold Swing +0.7
General election 1979: Rye
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Godman Irvine 35,516 62.7 +5.8
Liberal Douglas Roland S Moore12,43822.0−5.6
Labour Derek Smyth6,85212.1−3.4
Ecology Anne Rix1,2672.2New
National Front T. Duesbury5521.0New
Majority23,07840.7+11.4
Turnout 56,62577.1+2.9
Conservative hold Swing +5.9

Notes

  1. ↑ "'Rye', Feb 1974 – May 1983". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  2. ↑ LUNCEFORD, Simon (d.c.1390), of Rye, Suss. and New Romney, Kent. | History of Parliament Online
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  5. ↑ Expelled 1641 for being a tobacco monopolist
  6. ↑ Styled Lord Hawkesbury from 1796
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 90–92. Retrieved 29 November 2018– via Google Books.
  8. ↑ Arbuthnot was also elected for St Germans, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Rye
  9. ↑ Pusey was originally declared elected, but by an order of the House of Commons on 17 May 1830 his name was erased from the return and that of De Lacy Evans was substituted
  10. ↑ Crosby, George (1843). Crosby's Political Record of Parliamentary Elections in Great Britain and Ireland: With Select Biographical Notices and Speeches of Distinguished Statesmen. York: George Crosby. p. 116. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  11. ↑ "The Late Failures" . Bell's Weekly Messenger . 20 December 1847. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 7 July 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ↑ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 153. Retrieved 29 November 2018– via Google Books.
  13. ↑ "John Stewart". Legacies of British Slave-ownership. University College London. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  14. ↑ "The New Parliament" . Reading Mercury. 7 August 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 21 May 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  15. ↑ Roberts, David (2016). Paternalism in Early Victorian England. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 255. ISBN   978-1-315-61965-1 . Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Fisher, David R. "Rye". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   978-1-349-02349-3.
  18. ↑ "English Cities and Boroughs" . Globe. 20 August 1847. p. 1. Retrieved 30 November 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. ↑ "Election Committees" . Morning Post. 27 March 1848. p. 2. Retrieved 29 November 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ↑ "Sussex Advertiser" . 6 July 1852. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 7 July 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ↑ "Rye" . Shipping and Mercantile Gazette. 20 May 1853. p. 8. Retrieved 7 July 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ↑ Morning Chronicle 3 March 1854
  23. ↑ "Rye" . Brighton Guardian. 19 July 1865. p. 7. Retrieved 17 March 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. ↑ "Rye" . Brighton Gazette. 19 November 1868. p. 7. Retrieved 17 March 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. ↑ "Albert Fytche" . Hastings and St Leonards Observer. 7 February 1874. p. 8. Retrieved 18 January 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  27. 1 2 British parliamentary election results 1885-1918, Craig, F.W.S.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 British parliamentary election results, 1918-1949 (Craig)
  29. ↑ Bexhill-on-Sea Observer, 22 July 1939
  30. 1 2 3 British parliamentary election results, 1950-1973 by FWS Craig
  31. 1 2 F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1950-1973; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1973
  32. 1 2 British parliamentary election results, 1974-1977 by FWS Craig

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