Second Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki

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Second Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki
Flag of Poland.svg
Council of Ministers of Poland
2019–2023
2019-11-15 Gouvernement Morawiecki II.jpg
Ministers pictured after their swearing-in, 15 November (2019)
Date formed15 November 2019
Date dissolved27 November 2023
People and organisations
President Andrzej Duda
Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki
Prime Minister's history2017–2023
Deputy Prime Minister Piotr Gliński (2019–2023)
Jacek Sasin (2019–2023)
Jarosław Gowin (2019–2020, 2020–2021)
Jadwiga Emilewicz (2020)
Jarosław Kaczyński (2020–2022, 2023)
Mariusz Błaszczak (2022–2023)
No. of ministers24 [1]
Member parties
  •   Law and Justice
      Sovereign Poland
      Republican Party (2021–2023)
      Polish Affairs (2022–2023)
      Agreement (2019–2021)
Supported by:
  Kukiz'15 (2021–2022)
Status in legislature
  • Majority (2019–2021)
    Minority (2021)
    Majority (2021)
    Minority (2021–2022)
    Majority (2022–2023)
Opposition party
Opposition leader
History
Election 2019 parliamentary election
Legislature term 9th Sejm & 10th Senate
Predecessor Morawiecki I
Successor Morawiecki III

The Second Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki was the government of Poland, headed by Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, since being sworn in by President Andrzej Duda on 15 November 2019 until 27 November 2023. [2] The Prime Minister delivered a statement to the Sejm on 19 November 2019 before obtaining a vote of confidence with 237 of the 460 MPs voting in the affirmative. [3] [4]

Contents

The government was supported by the United Right coalition consisting of Law and Justice, United Poland and the Republican Party, as well as by the Polish Affairs parliamentary group [5] and some independent MPs. In May 2021 Kukiz'15 leader Paweł Kukiz and Law and Justice leader Jarosław Kaczyński signed a cooperation agreement between the two parties. [6] Despite not being a part of a formal coalition and not being represented in the Council of Ministers Kukiz'15 has since supported the government especially in major votes in the Sejm. [7] [8] [9]

The government underwent a reshuffle in October 2020. [10] [11] On 25 June 2021 the government lost its majority in the Sejm, when 3 MPs (Zbigniew Girzyński, Arkadiusz Czartoryski and Małgorzata Janowska) left Law and Justice and established a new parliamentary group (Wybór Polska, literally "Choice Poland"). [12] The following 7 July, Czartoryski joined the Republican Party, restoring the government's majority status in the legislature. [13]

In August 2021, a controversial bill on the amendment of the "Broadcasting and the Cinematography Act" was passed by the Sejm despite vocal opposition from Agreement, a member party of the United Right. [14] [15] On 11 August, Jarosław Gowin, leader of the party, was sacked from the government which in turn caused 13 other MPs to leave the governing coalition. [16] [14] Due to the crisis the government had once again lost its majority in the Sejm. The controversial bill was eventually vetoed by President Andrzej Duda in December 2021. [17]

In June 2022, Agnieszka Ścigaj, the leader of Polish Affairs, was appointed a government minister. [18] Due to the support of her parliamentary group, the government regained its formal majority status.

Following parliamentary elections in 2023, this government lost its parliamentary majority in the Sejm. However, Mateusz Morawiecki was briefly re-appointed as Prime Minister, and subsequently formed a new, very short-lived, government.

Cabinet

OfficePortraitNamePartyIn office
FromTo
Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki Prezes Rady Ministrow (cropped).jpg Mateusz Morawiecki Law and Justice November 15, 2019 [19] November 27, 2023
Minister of Sport November 15, 2019 [20] December 5, 2019 [21]
Minister of Digital Affairs October 6, 2020 [22] April 3 , 2023
Deputy Prime Minister Piotr Glinski portret.jpg Piotr Gliński Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Culture and National Heritage November 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Chairman of the Public Benefit CommitteeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Deputy Prime MinisterOctober 6, 2020 [22] October 26, 2021 [24]
Minister of Culture, National Heritage and SportOctober 6, 2020 [22] October 26, 2021 [24]
Chairman of the Public Benefit CommitteeOctober 6, 2020 [22] October 26, 2021 [24]
Deputy Prime MinisterOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Minister of Culture and National HeritageOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Chairman of the Public Benefit CommitteeOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Deputy Prime Minister Jaroslaw Gowin 01 (cropped).jpg Jarosław Gowin Agreement November 15, 2019 [20] April 8, 2020 [26]
Minister of Science and Higher Education November 15, 2019 [20] April 8, 2020 [26]
Deputy Prime MinisterOctober 6, 2020 [22] August 11, 2021 [27]
Minister of Development, Labor and TechnologyOctober 6, 2020 [22] August 11, 2021 [27]
Deputy Prime Minister Jacek Sasin Sejm 2016.JPG Jacek Sasin Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of State AssetsNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of National Defence Mariusz Blaszczak portret.jpg Mariusz Błaszczak Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Deputy Prime MinisterJune 22, 2022 [28] November 27, 2023
Minister of Infrastructure Andrzej Adamczyk.jpg Andrzej Adamczyk Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Jan Ardanowski Sejm 2016.JPG Jan Ardanowski Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Foreign Affairs Jacek Czaputowicz minister spraw zagranicznych.jpg Jacek Czaputowicz Independent November 15, 2019 [20] August 26, 2020 [29]
Minister without portfolio Michal Dworczyk Sejm 2016.JPG Michał Dworczyk Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of Development Jadwiga Emilewicz (cropped).jpg Jadwiga Emilewicz IndependentNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Deputy Prime MinisterApril 9, 2020 [30] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Marine Economy and Inland Navigation Min. Marek Grobarczyk.jpg Marek Gróbarczyk Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Funds and Regional Policy Malgorzata Jarosinska-Jedynak (cropped).jpg Małgorzata Jarosińska-Jedynak IndependentNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister without portfolio Mariusz Kaminski 2019.jpg Mariusz Kamiński Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of Interior and Administration November 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of Finance Tadeusz Koscinski (cropped).jpg Tadeusz Kościński IndependentNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Finance, Funds and Regional PolicyOctober 6, 2020 [22] October 26, 2021 [24]
Minister of FinanceOctober 26, 2021 [25] February 9, 2022 [31]
Minister of Climate Michal Kurtyka, 2019 (cropped).jpg Michał Kurtyka IndependentNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Climate and Environment October 6, 2020 [22] October 26, 2021 [24]
Minister of Family, Labor and Social Policy Marlena Malag (2021) (cropped).jpg Marlena Maląg Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Family and Social Policy October 6, 2020 [22] November 27, 2023
Minister of National Education Dariusz Piontkowski (cropped).JPG Dariusz Piontkowski Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 19, 2020 [32]
Minister without portfolio Lukasz Schreiber Sejm 2016.JPG Łukasz Schreiber Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of Health Lukasz Szumowski portret.jpg Łukasz Szumowski IndependentNovember 15, 2019 [20] August 20, 2020 [33]
Minister without portfolio Konrad Szymanski (cropped).jpg Konrad Szymański Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] March 4, 2020 [34]
Minister for European AffairsMarch 5, 2020 [35] October 13, 2022
Minister for European Affairs Szymon Szynkowski vel Sek Sejm 2016.JPG Szymon Szynkowski vel Sęk Law and JusticeOctober 13, 2022November 27, 2023
Minister without portfolio MichalWos (cropped).jpg Michał Woś United Poland November 15, 2019 [20] March 4, 2020 [34]
Minister of EnvironmentMarch 5, 2020 [35] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Digital Affairs Marek Zagorski portret.jpg Marek Zagórski Law and JusticeNovember 15, 2019 [20] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro - 2019 (48085697621) (cropped).jpg Zbigniew Ziobro United PolandNovember 15, 2019 [20] November 27, 2023
Minister of Sport Danuta Dmowska-Andrzejuk2 (cropped).jpg Danuta Dmowska-Andrzejuk IndependentDecember 5, 2019 [36] October 6, 2020 [23]
Minister of Science and Higher Education Wojciech Murdzek Sejm 2015.jpg Wojciech Murdzek AgreementApril 16, 2020 [37] October 19, 2020 [38]
Minister of Health Adam-niedzielski-1 (cropped).jpg Adam Niedzielski IndependentAugust 26, 2020 [39] August 11, 2023
Minister of Health Katarzyna Sojka 2022.jpg Katarzyna Sójka Law and Justice August 10 , 2023November 27, 2023
Minister of Foreign Affairs Zbigniew Rau visit to Estonia, January 2022 19 (cropped).jpg Zbigniew Rau IndependentAugust 26, 2020 [39] November 27, 2023
Deputy Prime Minister Jaroslaw Kaczynski Sejm 2016a (cropped).JPG Jarosław Kaczyński Law and JusticeOctober 6, 2020 [22] June 19, 2022 [40]
Minister without portfolio Michal Cieslak Sejm 2016.JPG Michał Cieślak The Republicans October 6, 2020 [22] June 15, 2022 [41]
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Grzegorz Puda.png Grzegorz Puda Law and JusticeOctober 6, 2020 [22] October 26, 2021 [24]
Minister of Funds and Regional PolicyOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Minister without portfolio Michal Wojcik.jpg Michał Wójcik United PolandOctober 6, 2020 [22] November 27, 2023
Minister of Science and Higher Education Przemyslaw Czarnek Sejm 2019.jpg Przemysław Czarnek Law and JusticeOctober 19, 2020 [42] November 27, 2023
Deputy Prime Minister Henryk Kowalczyk.png Henryk Kowalczyk Law and JusticeOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Minister of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentOctober 26, 2021 [25] April 3 , 2023
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Robert Telus Sejm 2016.JPG Robert Telus Law and JusticeApril 3 , 2023November 27, 2023
Minister of Sport and Tourism Kamil Bortniczuk odbiera zaswiadczenie o wyborze na posla IX kadencji.JPG Kamil Bortniczuk The RepublicansOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Minister of Climate and Environment Anna Moskwa.jpg Anna Moskwa IndependentOctober 26, 2021 [25] November 27, 2023
Minister of Development and Technology Min. Piotr Nowak.jpg Piotr Nowak IndependentOctober 26, 2021 [25] April 7, 2022 [43]
Minister of Development and Technology Waldemar Buda Sejm 2016.JPG Waldemar Buda Law and JusticeApril 8, 2022 [44] November 27, 2023
Minister of Finance Magdalena Rzeczkowska 6 (cropped).jpg Magdalena Rzeczkowska IndependentApril 26, 2022 [45] November 27, 2023
Minister without portfolio Wlodzimierz Tomaszewski Sejm 2019.jpg Włodzimierz Tomaszewski The RepublicansJune 17, 2022 [46] November 27, 2023
Minister without portfolio Zbigniew Hoffmann.JPG Zbigniew Hoffmann Law and JusticeJune 22, 2022 [28] November 27, 2023
Minister without portfolio Agnieszka Scigaj Sejm 2016.JPG Agnieszka Ścigaj Polish Affairs June 22, 2022 [47] November 27, 2023
Minister of Digital Affairs Janusz Cieszynski.jpg Janusz Cieszyński Law and JusticeApril 3 , 2023November 27, 2023

Votes of confidence

Vote of confidence in the Second Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki
Ballot →19 November 2019
Required majority →228 out of 454 Yes check.svg
Votes in favour
  • • PiS (235)
  • • KO (2)
237 / 454
Votes against
214 / 454
Abstentions
  • • KO (1)
  • • PSL (1)
  • • Non-attached (1)
3 / 454
Source
Vote of confidence in the Second Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki
Ballot →4 June 2020
Required majority →229 out of 456 Yes check.svg
Votes in favour
  • • PiS (235)
235 / 456
Votes against
219 / 456
Abstentions
  • • Lewica (1)
  • • Non-attached (1)
2 / 456
Source

Policy

Restitution

In June 2021, Poland proposed a law to put a 10-to-30 year statute of limitation on restitution claims, which would therefore nullify cases regarding property seized during World War II, which Israel's Foreign Minister Yair Lapid described as “immoral and a disgrace.” Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said “I can only say that as long as I am the prime minister, Poland will not pay for German crimes: Neither zloty, nor euro, nor dollar.” Lapid also said, “We are fighting for the memory of the Holocaust victims, for the pride of our people, and we won’t allow any parliament to pass laws whose goal is to deny the Holocaust.” [48] The proposed law would nevertheless also prevent people whose property was confiscated by the Polish communist government (1944–1989) from getting their lost property restituted/compensated. [49] [50]

Poland’s President Andrzej Duda finally signed the law on 14 August. In response, Israel recalled its envoy from Poland and told the Polish ambassador not to return. [51] [52] Nevertheless, Poland returned its envoy to Israel in July 2022 as a sign of rapprochement in bilateral relations. [53]

Media law

In July 2021, a group of Law and Justice MPs submitted a draft of a bill on the amendment of the "Broadcasting and the Cinematography Act", which intended to prevent entities based outside the European Economic Area from owning more than 49% of shares in Polish radio and television stations. [54] The measure was widely seen as a step against Discovery-owned television station TVN, highly critical of the ruling party, which would force the American company to divest its ownership. [55] [56] [57] [58] Law and Justice denied those accusations, claiming the bill's goal was to prevent non-EU countries, such as Russia and China, from acquiring Polish media. [59]

In August 2021, the bill was passed in the Sejm with a vote of 228 to 216 with 10 abstentions. The amendment of the Agreement Party, a United Right ruling coalition member, which would allow companies from countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to own more than 49% of shares in Polish media companies was also rejected. [60] [61] This resulted in sacking of Agreement's leader Jarosław Gowin from the government and a political crisis. [16] [14]

In September 2021, the Senate voted to reject the bill with a vote of 53 to 37 with 3 abstentions. [62] The Sejm once again voted to pass the bill with a vote of 229 to 212 with 11 abstentions, achieving an absolute majority and overriding the Senate's veto. [63] On December 27, amid widespread protests, President Andrzej Duda decided to veto the bill. [64]

Social

In July 2020, Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro declared he would begin preparing the formal process for Poland to withdraw from the Istanbul Convention. [65] [66] [67] [68] He claimed the treaty is harmful because it "requires that schools teach children about gender in an ideological way" and that it "de-emphasizes biological sex". [69] On July 30, Prime Minister Morawiecki motioned for the Constitutional Tribunal to decide whether the Convention violated the Polish Constitution. [70] As of August 2022 the case remains undecided.

In March 2021, the Ministry of Justice prepared a bill banning same-sex couples from adopting children, saying “this solution corresponds to the views of the vast majority of Polish society”. [71] [72] As of August 2022 the bill hasn't been put to a vote in the Sejm.

In April 2022 United Poland part of the ruling government called for tougher blasphemy laws in Poland, such as three-year jail terms for insulting church or interrupting mass. [73]

In October 2022, they submitted a citizens' legislative initiative for the tougher blasphemy laws with close to 400,000 signatures to parliament. [74] [75]

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References

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  2. ↑ "Prezydent powołał nowy rząd [PL/ENG]". Oficjalna strona Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (in Polish). 2019-11-15. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  3. ↑ "Sejm udzielił wotum zaufania rządowi Mateusza Morawieckiego". TVN24 (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  4. ↑ "Sejm udzielił wotum zaufania rządowi Morawieckiego. Dwoje posłów KO zagłosowało "za" - Polsat News". polsatnews.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  5. ↑ "Polskie Sprawy będą współpracować z PiS. Gowin usuwa Sośnierza z Porozumienia". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  6. ↑ "Kukiz: Podpisaliśmy umowę o współpracy programowej z PiS. To nie koalicja". www.gazetaprawna.pl (in Polish). 2021-05-31. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
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  8. ↑ "Chaos w Sejmie. Kto głosował za reasumpcją?". Wprost (in Polish). 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  9. ↑ "Kukiz: Poprę budżet, który przedstawi rząd". www.rmf24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  10. ↑ "Mniej resortów, ale ministrów niewiele mniej. Rząd niezbyt odchudzony". Konkret24 (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  11. ↑ "Przemysław Czarnek zaprzysiężony. Nowy minister edukacji i nauki rozpoczyna urzędowanie". Głos Nauczycielski (in Polish). 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
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  13. ↑ "Klub PiS odzyskuje formalną większość. Poseł wraca po 12 dniach od odejścia". Onet Wiadomości (in Polish). 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  14. 1 2 3 "Poland's ruling party rams through media law despite US warnings". POLITICO. 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  15. ↑ Erlanger, Steven; Pronczuk, Monika (2021-08-11). "Poland's Government Wins Vote on Media Bill, Despite Losing Majority". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  16. 1 2 KRO. "Jarosław Gowin wyrzucony z rządu. Premier zdymisjonował szefa Porozumienia". www.money.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  17. ↑ www.ideo.pl, ideo- (2021-12-27). "Prezydent zawetował Lex TVN". Prawo.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  18. ↑ "Agnieszka Ścigaj dołączy do rządu. Wiadomo, jakimi kwestiami się zajmie". Wprost (in Polish). 2022-06-22. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  19. ↑ M.P. z 2019 r. poz. 1091
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 M.P. z 2019 r. poz. 1092
  21. ↑ M.P. z 2019 r. poz. 1151
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 896
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 895
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 M.P. z 2021 r. poz. 975
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 M.P. z 2021 r. poz. 976
  26. 1 2 M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 343
  27. 1 2 M.P. z 2021 r. poz. 734
  28. 1 2 M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 616
  29. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 764
  30. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 344
  31. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 197
  32. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 972
  33. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 763
  34. 1 2 M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 244
  35. 1 2 M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 245
  36. ↑ M.P. z 2019 r. poz. 1152
  37. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 359
  38. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 973
  39. 1 2 M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 765
  40. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 615
  41. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 608
  42. ↑ M.P. z 2020 r. poz. 974
  43. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 388
  44. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 397
  45. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 436
  46. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 614
  47. ↑ M.P. z 2022 r. poz. 617
  48. ↑ Spiro, Amy (27 June 2021). "Israel, Poland summon each other's envoys over Holocaust restitution law spat". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  49. ↑ Sharon, Jeremy (7 July 2021). "Polish Senate begins hearings on Holocaust restitution law". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  50. ↑ Siegal, Tobias (24 July 2021). "Polish Law preventing restitution of Jewish property passes in senate". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  51. ↑ "Polish law on property stolen by Nazis angers Israel". BBC News. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  52. ↑ Lazaroff, Tovah (15 August 2021). "Israel recalls envoy to protest signing of Poland's anti-restitution law". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  53. ↑ "After year-long spat over Holocaust law, Poland says it's returning envoy to Israel". Times of Israel. 4 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  54. ↑ "The explainer: Lex TVN and Poland's parliamentary drama". Emerging Europe. 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  55. ↑ Insight, Wojciech Szacki, Polityka (2021-12-17). "Lex TVN przegłosowane. Po co to Kaczyńskiemu?". www.polityka.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ↑ Majmurek, Jakub (2021-07-08). "Lex TVN: o co właściwie chodzi PiS?". KrytykaPolityczna.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  57. ↑ "PiS atakuje niezależne media. Co trzeba wiedzieć o lex TVN". oko.press. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  58. ↑ www.ideo.pl, ideo- (2021-07-27). "We wtorek Sejm rozpoczyna prace nad "lex TVN"". Prawo.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  59. ↑ "The explainer: Lex TVN and Poland's parliamentary drama". Emerging Europe. 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  60. ↑ "Polish media law faces uncertain future amid coalition splits".
  61. ↑ "Junior coalition leader says media law amendment threatens investment".
  62. ↑ "Senat odrzucił lex TVN. Tak głosowali senatorowie". TVN24 (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  63. ↑ "Sejm przyjął lex TVN. Jak głosowali posłowie". TVN24 (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  64. ↑ Wlodarczak-semczuk, Anna; Florkiewicz, Pawel (2021-12-27). "Polish president vetoes media bill, U.S. welcomes move". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  65. ↑ "Poland to quit treaty on violence against women, minister says". The Sydney Morning Herald. July 26, 2020.
  66. ↑ "Poland to withdraw from treaty on violence against women". www.aljazeera.com.
  67. ↑ "Istanbul Convention: Poland to leave European treaty on violence against women". BBC News. July 25, 2020.
  68. ↑ "Poland to quit Istanbul convention to curb gender-free agenda". Daily Sabah. July 25, 2020.
  69. ↑ "Resort sprawiedliwości złożył wniosek o wypowiedzenie konwencji stambulskiej". Polska Agencja Prasowa SA (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  70. ↑ "Premier Morawiecki składa wniosek do TK o zbadanie zgodności konwencji stambulskiej z konstytucją". prawo.gazetaprawna.pl (in Polish). 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  71. ↑ "Poland prepares bill to ban same-sex couples from adopting children". 12 March 2021.
  72. ↑ "Justice ministry wants ban on homosexual adoptions".
  73. ↑ "Polish coalition party proposes three-year jail terms for insulting church or interrupting mass". 14 April 2022.
  74. ↑ ""Insulting or ridiculing church" to be jailable crime under bill supported by Polish justice minister". 7 October 2022.
  75. ↑ "Blasphemy law Poland may be toughened".
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