After the completed dissolution of Yugoslavia in 2006, the Serbia national team did not qualify for the next four UEFA European Championships it played qualifiers for, before finally securing a spot at Euro 2024. Its official predecessor teams Yugoslavia and FR Yugoslavia/Serbia & Montenegro were more successful: the team representing "larger" Yugoslavia became European vice-champions twice (in 1960 and 1968) while the union of Serbia and Montenegro (still named "Yugoslavia" until 2003) reached the quarter-finals at Euro 2000.
| UEFA European Championship record | Qualification record | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D* | L | GF | GA | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | |
| as | |||||||||||||||
| | Runners-up | 2nd | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | |
| | Did not qualify | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||
| | Runners-up | 2nd | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 5 | |
| | Did not qualify | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 5 | ||||||||
| | Fourth place | 4th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 5 | |
| | Did not qualify | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 6 | ||||||||
| | Group stage | 8th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 11 | |
| | Did not qualify | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 9 | ||||||||
| | Qualified, but suspended | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 4 | ||||||||
| as | |||||||||||||||
| | Suspended | Suspended | |||||||||||||
| | Quarter-finals | 8th | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 18 | 8 | |
| | Did not qualify | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 11 | ||||||||
| as | |||||||||||||||
| | Did not qualify | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 22 | 11 | ||||||||
| | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 13 | 12 | |||||||||
| | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 13 | |||||||||
| | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 19 | |||||||||
| | Group stage | 19th | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 9 | |
| | To be determined | To be determined | |||||||||||||
| | |||||||||||||||
| Total | Runners-up | 7/17 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 23 | 41 | 122 | 64 | 30 | 28 | 221 | 137 | |
| Serbia's European Championship record | |
|---|---|
| First match | (Paris, France; 6 July 1960) |
| Biggest win | (Paris, France; 6 July 1960) (Florence, Italy; 5 June 1968) (Liège, Belgium; 18 June 2000) |
| Biggest defeat | (Lyon, France; 16 June 1984) (Rotterdam, Netherlands; 25 June 2000) |
| Best Result | Runners-up in 1960 and 1968 |
| Worst Result | Group stage in 1984 and 2024 |
| France | 4–5 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
| Soviet Union | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | |
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| Report |
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| Yugoslavia | 1–0 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
| Italy | 1–1 (a.e.t.) | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
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| Netherlands | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
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| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | +7 | 6 | Advance to knockout stage | |
| 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 3 | +5 | 4 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 8 | −4 | 2 | ||
| 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 10 | −8 | 0 |
| Belgium | 2–0 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
| France | 3–2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
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| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | +1 | 6 | Advance to knockout stage | |
| 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 4 [a] | ||
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 [a] | ||
| 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 2 |
| FR Yugoslavia | 3–4 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
| Netherlands | 6–1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
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| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 5 | Advance to knockout stage | |
| 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 [a] | ||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 [a] | ||
| 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | −1 | 2 |
| Serbia | 0–1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
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Denmark are through to the round of 16 as group runners-up (finishing ahead of Slovenia on disciplinary points).