Type XC1 tender on CGR 6th Class of 1897 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The South African type XC1 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
A tender or coal-car is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called a tender locomotive. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board the locomotive (itself) instead are called tank locomotives.
The Union of South Africa is the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony. It included the territories that were formerly a part of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.
The Cape of Good Hope, also known as the Cape Colony, was a British colony in present-day South Africa, named after the Cape of Good Hope. The British colony was preceded by an earlier Dutch colony of the same name, the Kaap de Goede Hoop, established in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company. The Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The Dutch lost the colony to Great Britain following the 1795 Battle of Muizenberg, but had it returned following the 1802 Peace of Amiens. It was re-occupied by the UK following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806, and British possession affirmed with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.
The Type XC1 tender first entered service in 1897, as tenders to the third batch of 6th Class4-6-0 Tenwheeler type steam locomotives to be acquired by the Cape Government Railways. These locomotives were designated Class 6B on the South African Railways in 1912. [1] [2] [3]
The Cape Government Railways (CGR) was the government-owned railway operator in the Cape Colony from 1874 until the creation of the South African Railways (SAR) in 1910.
The South African Railways Class 6B 4-6-0 of 1897 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
Type XC1 tenders were built in 1897 and 1898 by Dübs and Company, Neilson and Company, Neilson, Reid and Company and Sharp, Stewart and Company. [1] [2] [3]
Dübs & Co. was a locomotive manufacturer in Glasgow, Scotland, founded by Henry Dübs in 1863 and based at the Queens Park Works in Polmadie. In 1903 it amalgamated with two other Glasgow locomotive manufacturers to create the North British Locomotive Company.
Neilson and Company was a locomotive manufacturer in Glasgow, Scotland.
Sharp, Stewart and Company was a steam locomotive manufacturer, initially based in Manchester, England. The company was formed in 1843 upon the demise of Sharp, Roberts & Co.. It moved to Glasgow, Scotland in 1888, eventually amalgamating with two other Glasgow-based locomotive manufacturers to form the North British Locomotive Company.
The original 6th Class locomotive and tender had been designed at the Salt River works of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) in Cape Town in 1892, under the supervision of Western System Locomotive Superintendent H.M. Beatty. In 1897 and 1898, the CGR placed a third batch of 55 6th Class 4-6-0 steam locomotives in service, which would be designated Class 6B on the South African Railways (SAR) in 1912. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-6-0 represents the configuration of four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels. In the mid 19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second most popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States of America, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler.As a locomotive pulling trains of lightweight all wood passenger cars in the 1890-1920s, it was exceptionally stable at near 100 mph speeds on the New York Central's New York to Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's Camden to Atlantic City, NJ, line. As passenger equipment grew heavier with all steel construction, heavier locomotives replaced the Ten Wheeler.
The Type XC1 entered service as tenders to these locomotives. More entered service in 1898, as tenders to the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS) 6th Class L3. [1] [2] [3]
The South African Railways Class 6E 4-6-0 of 1898 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Orange Free State.
As built, the tender had a maximum axle load of 8 long tons 16 hundredweight 2 quarters (8,967 kilograms), a coal capacity of 5 long tons 10 hundredweight (5.6 tonnes) and a water capacity of 2,600 imperial gallons (11,800 litres; 3,120 US gallons). [1] [2] [3]
In the SAR years, tenders were numbered for the engines they were delivered with. In most cases, an oval number plate, bearing the engine number and often also the locomotive class and tender type, would be attached to the rear end of the tender. During the classification and renumbering of locomotives onto the SAR roster in 1912, no separate classification and renumbering list was published for tenders, which should have been renumbered according to the locomotive renumbering list. [5]
Two locomotive classes were delivered new with Type XC1 tenders. Bearing in mind that tenders could and did migrate between engines, these tenders should have been numbered in the SAR number ranges as shown. [1] [2] [3]
Since many tender types are interchangeable between different locomotive classes and types, a tender classification system was adopted by the SAR. The first letter of the tender type indicates the classes of engines to which it can be coupled. The "X_" tenders could be used with the locomotive classes as shown. [3]
The second letter indicates the tender's water capacity. The "_C" tenders had a capacity of between 2,590 and 2,600 imperial gallons (11,770 and 11,820 litres; 3,110 and 3,122 US gallons). [3]
A number, when added after the letter code, indicates differences between similar tender types, such as function, wheelbase or coal bunker capacity. [3]
Builder's works pictures of the Classes 6B and 6E show them with the same 5 long tons 10 hundredweight (5.6 tonnes) coal capacity Type XC1 tender. [2] [3]
Pictures of most of these locomotives in service, however, show them with Type XC1 tenders with built-up sides to the coal bunker, to increase the coal capacity. Early versions of the built-up coal bunker sides were in the form of a slatted open-top cage, made of rectangular steel rods. In the second example depicted, one of the four CGR locomotives which were sold to the Benguela Railway in Angola in 1907 is shown with a Type XC1 tender with such a slatted extension of extraordinary proportions. Later SAR versions were constructed of sheet-metal. [2] [3]
From c. 1925, some of the Type XC1 tenders were rebuilt by the SAR by mounting a completely new upper structure on the existing underframe, with new water tanks and a larger coal capacity. These rebuilt tenders had a more modern appearance, with flush sides all the way to the top of the coal bunker. They had a coal capacity of 8 long tons (8.1 tonnes), a water capacity of 2,850 imperial gallons (13,000 litres) and were reclassified as Type XE. [2] [3] [6]
The program to rebuild several older tender types with new upper structures was begun by Col F.R. Collins DSO, who approved several of the detailed drawings for the work during his term in office as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the SAR from 1922 to 1929. It was continued by his successor, A.G. Watson. [6]
The South African Railways Class 6 4-6-0 of 1893 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type ZB tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type ZA tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type ZC tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type YB tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type YC tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type YE tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type YE1 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type XF tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.
The South African type XD tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type XM2 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.
The South African type XE1 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type XF2 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type XM1 tender was a steam locomotive tender.
The South African type XC tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.
The South African type XE tender was a steam locomotive tender.
The South African type XJ tender was a steam locomotive tender.
The South African type WE tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type WG tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type XM tender was a steam locomotive tender.