Southern Loloish languages

Last updated
Southern Loloish
Hanoish
Geographic
distribution		 South China and Indochina
Linguistic classification Sino-Tibetan
Glottolog hani1249

The Southern Loloish or Southern Ngwi languages, also known as the Hanoish or Hanish languages, constitute a branch of the Loloish languages that includes Akha and Hani.

Contents

Languages

The branches included in Lama (2012), with languages from Bradley (2007), are:

Hanoish 

Jinuo

  Bisoid  

Cốông

Sangkong

Bisu (Laomian), Phunoi (Singsali, Singsili), Pyen

 Hanoid 

Sila (Sida), Phana’

Akeu (Chepya)

Hani (Akha–Hani, Honi)

Bi‑Ka

Piyo, Enu, Mpi

Kaduo

Hanoid in Lama (2012) is alternatively called Akoid in Bradley (2007), who recognizes the Hani-Akha and Haoni-Baihong languages as part of the Akoid group.

Other Southern Loloish languages are:

Kato (2008) also documents:

Other Southern Loloish language varieties in south-central Yunnan include Bukong 布孔, Budu 布都, [3] Asuo 阿梭, Duota 堕塔, [4] Amu 阿木, Lami 腊米, Qiedi 切弟, Kabie 卡别, [5] Woni 窝尼, Duoni 多尼, and Habei 哈备. Habei is unclassified within Southern Loloish.

Hsiu (2016, 2018)

A 2016 computational phylogenetic lexical analysis by Hsiu (2016) [6] distinguished the following five branches of Southern Loloish, providing further support for the Hanoid (Akoid) and Bisoid branches in Lama (2012) and Bradley (2007). A new Siloid branch was added.

  1. Hanoid
  2. Bisoid
  3. Siloid
  4. Bi-Ka (?)
  5. Jinuo

The Southern Loloish tree above was subsequently revised by Hsiu (2018) [7] as follows, with 6 subgroups included.

Hsiu (2018) considers the Hani-Akha and Bi-Ka subgroups to be part of a northern linkage in south-central Yunnan, while the Siloid, Bisoid, Jino, and Mpi subgroups are part of a southern linkage in the China-Laos border region. [7]

Innovations

Lama (2012) lists the following changes from Proto-Loloish as Hanoish innovations.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hani people</span> Ethnic group

The Hani or Ho people are a Lolo-speaking ethnic group in Southern China and Northern Laos and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 officially recognized nationalities of the People's Republic of China and one of the 54 officially recognized ethnic groups of Vietnam. In Laos, the Hani are more commonly known as Ho.

Akha is the language spoken by the Akha people of southern China, eastern Burma, northern Laos, and northern Thailand.

The Loloish languages, also known as Yi and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, subclassification is more contentious.

Phunoi (Sinsali) is a Loloish language of northern Laos. Dialects are divergent and may be distinct languages; these are Black Khoany, White Khoany, Mung, Hwethom, Khaskhong. Bradley cites six languages within Phunoi.

Bisu is a Loloish language of Thailand, with a couple thousand speakers in China. Varieties are Bisu proper (Mbisu) and Laomian (Guba), considered by Pelkey to be distinct languages.

Muda is a Loloish language of China.

Sila is a Loloish language spoken by 2,000 people in Laos and Vietnam. Sila speakers are an officially recognized group in Vietnam, where they are known as the Si La.

Paza is a Loloish language of northern Laos. Paza speakers consist of 2,100 people distributed in 8 villages of Ban Phusang Mai, Muang Samphan, Phongsaly, and 1 village in Oudomxay. It is documented as "Phusang" in Kato (2008), which has a brief word list of the language collected from Phusangkao village, Samphan District.

The Hani languages are a group of closely related but distinct languages of the Loloish (Yi) branch of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group. They are also referred to as the Hanoid languages by Lama (2012) and as the Akoid languages by Bradley (2007).

Suobi 梭比 is a Southern Loloish language of south-central Yunnan, China. It is documented in Bai (2010). Suobi is closely related to Haoni.

Muteun is a Loloish language of northern Laos.

Khir is a Loloish language of northern Laos. It is closely related to Cosao.

Laoseng is a Loloish language of northern Laos. David Bradley (2007) lists law21 sɛŋ21 as the autonym.

Phunyot is a Loloish language of northern Laos.

Cosao is a Loloish language of China and Laos. The Cosao call themselves, but are referred to by other ethnic groups as the Paijiao people (排角人). They are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Hani people.

Duota is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Duota is spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County, and Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County.

Habei is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Hsiu (2018) suggests that Habei belongs to the Bisoid branch.

The Bisoid (Phunoi) languages belong to the Southern Loloish (Hanoish) branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Most Bisoid languages are spoken in Phongsaly Province, northern Laos, with smaller numbers of speakers living in China (Yunnan), Vietnam, Myanmar, and northern Thailand.

Wanyä is a Loloish language of northern Laos. It is spoken in Ipoeching village, Bun Tay District, Phongsaly Province.

The Siloid languages belong to the Southern Loloish (Hanoish) branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Siloid branch was first proposed by Hsiu (2016).

References

  1. ↑ "Paza". lingweb.eva.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 2010-12-29.
  2. ↑ Bradley, David (2007). "Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia". In Matthias Brenzinger, ed. Language diversity endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  3. ↑ 中国少数民族社会历史调查资料丛刊》修订编辑委员会. 2009. 哈尼族社会历史调查, p.94, 99. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe.
  4. ↑ Jiangcheng County Gazetteer (1989:351)
  5. ↑ Jiang Ying [蒋颖], Cui Xia [崔霞], Qiao Xiang [乔翔]. 2009. A study of Ximoluo [西摩洛语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
  6. ↑ Hsiu, Andrew. 2016. The classification of Cosao: a Lolo-Burmese language of China and Laos . Presented at the 22nd Himalayan Languages Symposium, Guwahati, India. doi : 10.5281/zenodo.1127809
  7. 1 2 Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages.
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