Lisoish languages

Last updated
Lisoish
Central Loloish
Geographic
distribution		Southern China, Vietnam
Linguistic classification Sino-Tibetan
Language codes
Glottolog liso1234

The Lisoish languages are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012) that includes Lisu and several of the Yi languages. David Bradley (1997) [1] considers Lisoish languages to be part of the Central Loloish branch.

Contents

Languages and classifications

Lama (2012)

 Lisoish 

Lipo, Lolopo, Hlersu (Shansu)

Toloza (Tanglang)

Lisu

Lalo (Laluba), Lavu (+ other Taloid languages)

David Bradley (2007) [2] considers Lisu, Lipo, and Lamu to form a Lisoid subgroup.

Other Lisoish languages are:

The following two of the six Yi languages (fangyan 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to Lama's Lisoish clade. (The remaining four are Nisoish.)

Names for Lolopo varieties include Enipu 厄尼蒲, Qiangyi 羌夷, Tuzu 土族, and Xiangtang 香堂. [3]

Chen (2010)

Chen (2010) lists the following dialects for "Lolo" (倮倮) languages, which corresponds to Lama's (2012) Lisoish clade. The position of Lisu is not addressed. Also listed are the counties where each respective dialect is spoken.

Lolo 倮倮方言

Hsiu (2016)

Below is a classification of the Lisoish languages by Hsiu (2016) based on a phylogenetic analysis of selected lexical isoglosses. [4]

Other languages

The Chuxiong Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer (2013:364) [5] lists the following cognate percentages between Lolopo 罗罗濮 and other Yi languages in Chuxiong Prefecture.

Yang, et al. (2017) [6] lists the following languages as part of the Taloid branch, whose speakers are descendants of soldiers sent by the Nanzhao Kingdom from the Dali region to be stationed in northwestern Yunnan. Taloid languages are most closely related to Lalo, Lolopo, and Lipo, all of which share the lexical innovation a¹toL for 'fire'. They are spoken primarily in Yongsheng County and Heqing County. Popei 泼佩 is spoken in Huaping County, while Gomotage is spoken in Eryuan County.

Tazhi of Puwei Township 普威镇, northern Miyi County 米易县, Sichuan may also be a Taloid language.

Cathryn Yang (2010:7) [7] also suggests that Wotizo (wɔ21 ti33 zɔ21) of Midu County may probably be related to Lolo (Lolopo).

Cathryn Yang (2010) [7] lists the following 4 languages as peripheral Lalo languages. Hsiu (2017) [8] suggests that Alu is also likely a peripheral Lalo language.

Bradley (2007) reports the moribund language Samatu as a Laloid language.

Tulao (土老) of Jinping County (spoken in the 2 villages of Yugadi 鱼嘎底, [9] Xinzhai Village 新寨村, Mengqiao Township 勐桥乡; and Laowangzhai 老王寨, [10] Qingjiao Village 箐脚村, Dazhai Township 大寨乡) may fit in the Lisoish branch, although this is uncertain due to lack of data. [8]

Other languages that may be Lisoish include (see also List of lesser-known Loloish languages ):

Lolopo varieties:

Below are autonyms of Central Yi (彝语中部方言) speakers as listed in the Yunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (1997) (云南省志：少数民族语言文字志; p. 57):

Innovations

Lama (2012) lists the following sound changes from Proto-Loloish as Lisoish innovations.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yongde County</span> County in Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China

Yongde County is a county in the west of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lincang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanjian Yi Autonomous County</span> Autonomous county in Yunnan, China

Nanjian Yi Autonomous County is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west-central part of Yunnan province, southwest China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xiangyun County</span> County in Yunnan, China

Xiangyun County is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west-central part of Yunnan province, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qiubei County</span> County in Yunnan, China

Qiubei County is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in southeast Yunnan province, China.

The Nisoish or Yi languages, which contains both the Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish branches, are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Lama (2012). Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish were established by Bradley (1997), while the Nisoish group combining Bradley's two branches was proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012). Lama (2012) refers to Northern Loloish as Nisoid or Nisu–Lope, and Southeastern Loloish as Axi–Puoid.

Nisu is a language cluster spoken by half a million Yi people of China. It is one of six Yi languages recognized by the government of China. The Yi script was traditionally used, though few can still read it. According to Lama (2012), Nisu (Nishu) autonyms include, , and.

Lolopo is a Loloish language spoken by half a million Yi people of China. Chinese speakers call it Central Yi, as the name Lolopo does not exist in Chinese. It is one of the six Yi languages recognized by the government of China.

Lalo is a Loloish language cluster spoken in western Yunnan, China by 300,000 speakers. Speakers are officially part of the Yi nationality, and Chinese linguists refer to it as "Western Yi" due to its distribution in western Yunnan. Lalo speakers are mostly located in southern Dali Prefecture, especially Weishan County, considered the traditional homeland of the Lalo. Historically, this area is the home of the Meng clan, who ruled the Nanzhao Kingdom (737–902 CE). Many speakers of Core Lalo dialects claim to be descendants of the Meng clan.

Gepo is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China spoken by 100,000 people. The speakers' autonym is, while the "-po" of "Gepo" means 'people'. It is spoken in 6 villages of Fumin County, eastern Luquan County, and other adjacent counties to the northeast.

Limi is a Loloish language spoken in Yongde, Fengqing, and Yun counties of western Yunnan province, China.

Talu is a Loloish language spoken by just over 10,000 speakers in Yongsheng and Huaping counties. Zhou (2004) focuses on the Talu dialect of Liude Township 六德乡. Bradley (2004) reports that Talu is spoken in Yongsheng, Ninglang and Huaping counties by 10,138 people, mainly in 4 villages of Liude Township 六德乡 in northeastern Yongsheng County. There are also Talu speakers in adjacent parts of Ninglangping Township, southern Ninglang County, and Tongda Township 通达傈僳族乡 in northeastern Huaping County. Talu has voiceless nasals as also the voiceless lateral. It is related to Lolopo.

The Southeastern Loloish languages, also known as Southeastern Ngwi, are a branch of the Loloish languages. In Lama's (2012) classification, it is called Axi-Puoid, which forms the Nisoish branch together with the Nisoid (Nisu–Lope) languages.

Naruo 纳若 is a Loloish language cluster spoken by the Yi people of Yunnan, China.

Sadu is a Loloish language of Yuxi, central Yunnan, China.

Lawu is a highly endangered unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It has about 50 elderly speakers in Jiuha village 旧哈村, Shuitang district 水塘镇, Xinping County, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province. There are possibly also some speakers in Jiujia District 九甲乡, Zhenyuan County, Pu'er Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Lawu speakers are currently classified by the Chinese government as Lahu, but were formerly classified as Yi.

Kua-nsi is a recently discovered Loloish language of Heqing County, Yunnan, China.

Alingpo is a Loloish language of eastern Yunnan, China.

Taloid is a cluster of languages in the Lisoish branch of Lolo–Burmese.

Xiqi is an unclassified Loloish language of Huaning County, Yunnan, China. It is also called Siqipo 斯期颇 in Mile County.

The Lawu languages or Lawoish languages are a proposed branch of Loloish languages. Internal classification within Loloish is uncertain. It may form a branch of Central Loloish, or it may be an independent branch of Loloish. The Lawu languages are:

References

  1. ↑ Bradley, David (1997). "Tibeto-Burman languages and classification Archived 2017-10-11 at the Wayback Machine ". In Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  2. ↑ Bradley, David. 2007. East and Southeast Asia. In Moseley, Christopher (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
  3. ↑ Yang, Cathryn. 2011. Assessment of the Lolo languages: Current understanding and recommended next steps. m.s.
  4. ↑ Hsiu, Andrew (2016). "Lisoish". Sino-Tibetan Branches Project. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  5. ↑ 楚雄彝族自治州民族事务委员会编. 2013. 楚雄彝族自治州民族志. 云南民族出版社.
  6. ↑ Yang, Cathryn; Kwok Wailing 范秀琳 Zhou Decai 周德才; Yang Wenjing 杨文静. 2017. The Taloid Cluster of Northwestern Yunnan: Loyal Soldiers of the Nanzhao Kingdom / 滇西北彝语他留土群：忠诚的南诏战士. Presented at ICSTLL 50, Beijing, China.
  7. 1 2 Yang, Cathryn. 2010. Lalo regional varieties: Phylogeny, dialectometry, and sociolinguistics. Melbourne: La Trobe University PhD dissertation. http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.9/153015.
  8. 1 2 Hsiu, Andrew. 2017. The Lawu languages: footprints along the Red River valley corridor . doi : 10.5281/zenodo.1249178
  9. ↑ http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=189028 [ dead link ]
  10. ↑ http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=188477 [ dead link ]
  11. ↑ "永仁县永定镇太平地村委会太平地村委会骂池村". ynszxc.net. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.