Tha (Indic)

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Tha
Devanagari th.svg
Example glyphs
Bengali-Assamese Bengali Letter Tha.svg
Tibetan Tibetan Tha.svg
Thai
Malayalam
Sinhala
Ashoka Brahmi Brahmi th.svg
Devanagari Devanagari th.svg
Properties
Phonemic representation /tʰ/
IAST transliteration th Th
ISCII code point C3 (195)

Tha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, tha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg after having gone through the Gupta letter Gupta allahabad th.svg .

Contents

Āryabhaṭa numeration

Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of थ are: [1]

Historic Tha

There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Tha as found in standard Brahmi, Brahmi th.svg was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta Gupta allahabad th.svg . The Tocharian Tha Tocharian letter tha.gif did not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form. The third form of tha, in Kharoshthi ( Bukva THA (nezalezhnii znak). Pis'mo kkharoshtkhi. Kharoshthi letter THA.svg ) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

Brahmi Tha

The Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg , Tha, is probably derived from the Aramaic Teth Teth.svg , and is thus related to the modern Greek Theta. [2] Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Tha can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period. [3] As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

Brahmi Tha historic forms
Ashoka
(3rd-1st c. BCE)
Girnar
(~150 BCE)
Kushana
(~150-250 CE)
Gujarat
(~250 CE)
Gupta
(~350 CE)
Brahmi th.svg Gupta girnar th.svg Gupta ashoka th.svg Gupta gujarat th.svg Gupta allahabad th.svg

Tocharian Tha

The Tocharian letter Tocharian letter tha.gif is derived from the Brahmi Brahmi th.svg , but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

Tocharian Tha with vowel marks
ThaThāThiThīThuThūThrThr̄TheThaiThoThauThä
Tocharian letter tha.gif Tocharian letter thaa.gif Tocharian letter thi.gif Tocharian letter thii.gif Tocharian letter thu.gif Tocharian letter thuu.gif Tocharian letter thr.gif Tocharian letter thrr.gif Tocharian letter the.gif Tocharian letter thai.gif Tocharian letter tho.gif Tocharian letter thau.gif Tocharian letter tha.gif

Kharoṣṭhī Tha

The Kharoṣṭhī letter Bukva THA (nezalezhnii znak). Pis'mo kkharoshtkhi. Kharoshthi letter THA.svg is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic Teth Teth.svg , and is thus related to Theta, in addition to the Brahmi Tha. [2]

Devanagari Tha

Tha () is a consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg , after having gone through the Gupta letter Gupta allahabad th.svg . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter , and the Modi letter 𑘞.

Devanagari-using Languages

In all languages, थ is pronounced as [tʰə] or [ ] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

Devanagari थ with vowel marks
ThaThāThiThīThuThūThrThr̄ThlThl̄TheThaiThoThauTh
थाथिथीथुथूथृथॄथॢथॣथेथैथोथौथ्

Conjuncts with थ

Half form of Tha. Devanagari Tha half form.svg
Half form of Tha.

Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with Marathi in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks. [4]

Ligature conjuncts of थ

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra. Nepali and Marathi texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg for an initial "R" instead of repha.

  • Repha र্ (r) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature rtʰa: note

Devanagari Conjunct RTha.svg

  • Eyelash र্ (r) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature rtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RTha.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + न (na) gives the ligature tʰna:

Devanagari Conjunct ThNa.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature tʰra:

Devanagari Conjunct ThRa.svg

Stacked conjuncts of थ

Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

  • छ্ (cʰ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature cʰtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct ChTha.svg

  • ढ্ (ḍʱ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct DdhTha.svg

  • ड্ (ḍ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ḍtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct DdTha.svg

  • द্ (d) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature dtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct DTha.svg

  • ङ্ (ŋ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ŋtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct NgTha.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + च (ca) gives the ligature tʰca:

Devanagari Conjunct ThCa.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature tʰḍa:

Devanagari Conjunct ThDda.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tʰjña:

Devanagari Conjunct ThJNya.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + ल (la) gives the ligature tʰla:

Devanagari Conjunct ThLa.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature tʰŋa:

Devanagari Conjunct ThNga.svg

  • थ্ (tʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tʰña:

Devanagari Conjunct ThNya.svg

  • ठ্ (ṭʰ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct TthTha.svg

  • ट্ (ṭ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ṭtʰa:

Devanagari Conjunct TtTha.svg

Bengali Tha

The Bengali script থ is derived from the Siddhaṃ Siddham th.svg , and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, थ. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter থ will sometimes be transliterated as "tho" instead of "tha". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /t̪ʰo/. Like all Indic consonants, থ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

Bengali থ with vowel marks
thathāthithīthuthūthrthr̄thethaithothauth
থাথিথীথুথূথৃথৄথেথৈথোথৌথ্

থ in Bengali-using languages

থ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese.

Conjuncts with থ

Bengali থ exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures. [5]

Bengali Conjunct Ntha.svg

Bengali Conjunct Nthra.svg

Bengali Conjunct Rtha.svg

Bengali Conjunct Rthya.svg

Bengali Conjunct Stha.svg

Bengali Conjunct Sthya.svg

Bengali Conjunct THra.svg

Bengali Conjunct THva.svg

Bengali Conjunct THya.svg

Bengali Conjunct Ttha.svg

Gujarati Tha

Gujarati Tha. Gujarati letter Tha.svg
Gujarati Tha.

Tha () is the seventeenth consonant of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Tha Devanagari th.svg with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg .

Gujarati-using Languages

The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, થ is pronounced as [tʰə] or [ ] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

ThaThāThiThīThuThūThrThlThr̄Thl̄ThĕTheThaiThŏThoThauTh
Gujarati Tha Matras.svg
Gujarati Tha syllables, with vowel marks in red.

Conjuncts with થ

Half form of Tha. Gujarati letter Tha half form.svg
Half form of Tha.

Gujarati થ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra.

Gujarati conjunct RTha.svg

Gujarati conjunct ThRa.svg

Gujarati conjunct ThNa.svg

Javanese Tha

Telugu Tha

Telugu letter Tha.svg
Telugu subjoined Tha.svg
Telugu independent and subjoined Tha.

Tha () is a consonant of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg . It is closely related to the Kannada letter . Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras. Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of Ṣa (borrowed from Kannada) in the KṢa conjunct.

Malayalam Tha

Malayalam letter Tha Malayalam letter Tha.svg
Malayalam letter Tha

Tha () is a consonant of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg , via the Grantha letter Grantha letter Tha.svg Tha. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Malayalam Tha matras: Tha, Tha, Thi, Thi, Thu, Thu, Thr, Thr, Thl, Thl, The, The, Thai, Tho, Tho, Thau, and Th. Malayalam Tha matras.svg
Malayalam Tha matras: Tha, Thā, Thi, Thī, Thu, Thū, Thr̥, Thr̥̄, Thl̥, Thl̥̄, The, Thē, Thai, Tho, Thō, Thau, and Th.

Conjuncts of ഥ

As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit candrakkala mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, put̪iya lipi, may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in paḻaya lipi, due to changes undertaken in the 1970s by the Government of Kerala.

Malayalam conjunct TTha.svg

Malayalam conjunct NTha.svg

Malayalam conjunct STha.svg

Odia Tha

Odia letter Tha.svg
Odia subjoined Tha.svg
Odia independent and subjoined letter Tha.

Tha () is a consonant of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg , via the Siddhaṃ letter Siddham th.svg Tha. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. Like other Oriya letters with an open top, ଥ takes the subjoined matra form of the vowel i (ଇ):

Odia Tha with vowel matras
ThaThāThiThīThuThūThr̥Thr̥̄Thl̥Thl̥̄TheThaiThoThauTh
ଥାଥିଥୀଥୁଥୂଥୃଥୄଥୢଥୣଥେଥୈଥୋଥୌଥ୍

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. ଥ generates conjuncts only by subjoining and does not form ligatures. The subjoined form of ଥ is identical to a subjoined form of Cha used in limited contexts.

Kaithi Tha

Kaithi Tha.svg
Kaithi Tha half form.svg
Kaithi consonant and half-form Tha.

Tha (𑂟) is a consonant of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Brahmi th.svg , via the Siddhaṃ letter Siddham th.svg Tha. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Kaithi Tha with vowel matras
ThaThāThiThīThuThūTheThaiThoThauTh
𑂟𑂟𑂰𑂟𑂱𑂟𑂲𑂟𑂳𑂟𑂴𑂟𑂵𑂟𑂶𑂟𑂷𑂟𑂸𑂟𑂹

Conjuncts of 𑂟

As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a half form of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit virama. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjucts of ra are indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.

Kaithi conjunct ThRa.svg

Kaithi conjunct RTha.svg

Comparison of Tha

The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Tha, are related as well.

Comparison of Tha in different scripts
Aramaic
Teth.svg
Kharoṣṭhī
𐨠
Ashoka Brahmi
Brahmi th.svg
Kushana Brahmi [lower-alpha 1]
Gupta ashoka th.svg
Tocharian [lower-alpha 2]
Tocharian letter tha.gif
Gupta Brahmi
Gupta allahabad th.svg
Pallava
Pallava Tha.svg
Kadamba
-
Bhaiksuki
𑰞
Siddhaṃ
Siddham th.svg
Grantha
𑌥
Cham
Sinhala
Pyu /
Old Mon [lower-alpha 3]
-
Tibetan
Tibetan Tha.svg
Newa
𑐠
Ahom
𑜌
Malayalam
Telugu
Burmese
Lepcha
Ranjana
Ranjana th.svg
Saurashtra
Dives Akuru
𑤜
Kannada
Kayah Li
Limbu
Soyombo [lower-alpha 4]
𑩬
Khmer
Tamil
-
Chakma
𑄗
Tai Tham
Meitei Mayek
Gaudi
-
Thai
Lao
Tai Le
Marchen
𑱻
Tirhuta
𑒟
New Tai Lue
Tai Viet
 / 
Aksara Kawi
Aksara Kawi tha.svg
'Phags-pa
Odia
Sharada
𑆡
Rejang
-
Batak
-
Buginese
-
Zanabazar Square
𑨚
Bengali-Assamese
Bengali Letter Tha.svg
Takri
𑚚
Javanese
Balinese
Makasar
-
Hangul [lower-alpha 5]
-
Northern Nagari
-
Dogri
𑠚
Laṇḍā
-
Sundanese
-
Baybayin
-
Modi
𑘞
Gujarati
Khojki
𑈚
Khudabadi
𑋎
Mahajani
𑅤
Tagbanwa
-
Devanagari
Devanagari th.svg
Nandinagari
𑦾
Kaithi
Kaithi Tha.svg
Gurmukhi
Multani
𑊗
Buhid
-
Canadian Syllabics [lower-alpha 6]
-
Soyombo [lower-alpha 7]
𑩬
Sylheti Nagari
Gunjala Gondi
𑵴
Masaram Gondi [lower-alpha 8]
𑴜
Hanuno'o
-
Notes
  1. The middle "Kushana" form of Brahmi is a later style that emerged as Brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate. Gupta Brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from Kushana, but other Brahmi-derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms.
  2. Tocharian is probably derived from the middle period "Kushana" form of Brahmi, although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession.
  3. Pyu and Old Mon are probably the precursors of the Burmese script, and may be derived from either the Pallava or Kadamba script
  4. May also be derived from Devangari (see bottom left of table)
  5. The Origin of Hangul from 'Phags-pa is one of limited influence, inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes. Hangul does not function as an Indic abugida.
  6. Although the basic letter forms of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics were derived from handwritten Devanagari letters, this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form, rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in Indic abugidas.
  7. May also be derived from Ranjana (see above)
  8. Masaram Gondi acts as an Indic abugida, but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script.

Character encodings of Tha

Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter Tha in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Tha from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.

Character information
Preview Devanagari th.svg Bengali Letter Tha.svg
Unicode nameDEVANAGARI LETTER THABENGALI LETTER THATELUGU LETTER THAORIYA LETTER THAKANNADA LETTER THAMALAYALAM LETTER THAGUJARATI LETTER THAGURMUKHI LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 2341U+09252469U+09A53109U+0C252853U+0B253237U+0CA53365U+0D252725U+0AA52597U+0A25
UTF-8 224 164 165E0 A4 A5224 166 165E0 A6 A5224 176 165E0 B0 A5224 172 165E0 AC A5224 178 165E0 B2 A5224 180 165E0 B4 A5224 170 165E0 AA A5224 168 165E0 A8 A5
Numeric character reference थथথথథథଥଥಥಥഥഥથથਥਥ
ISCII195C3195C3195C3195C3195C3195C3195C3195C3


Character information
Preview
Ashoka Brahmi th.svg
Kushana Gupta ashoka th.svg
Gupta Gupta allahabad th.svg
𐨠 Siddham th.svg 𑌥
Unicode nameBRAHMI LETTER THAKHAROSHTHI LETTER THASIDDHAM LETTER THAGRANTHA LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 69667U+1102368128U+10A2071070U+1159E70437U+11325
UTF-8 240 145 128 163F0 91 80 A3240 144 168 160F0 90 A8 A0240 145 150 158F0 91 96 9E240 145 140 165F0 91 8C A5
UTF-16 55300 56355D804 DC2355298 56864D802 DE2055301 56734D805 DD9E55300 57125D804 DF25
Numeric character reference 𑀣𑀣𐨠𐨠𑖞𑖞𑌥𑌥


Character information
Preview Tibetan Tha.svg 𑨚𑐠𑰞𑆡
Unicode nameTIBETAN LETTER THATIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER THAPHAGS-PA LETTER THAZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER THANEWA LETTER THABHAIKSUKI LETTER THASHARADA LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 3920U+0F504000U+0FA043081U+A84972218U+11A1A70688U+1142072734U+11C1E70049U+111A1
UTF-8 224 189 144E0 BD 90224 190 160E0 BE A0234 161 137EA A1 89240 145 168 154F0 91 A8 9A240 145 144 160F0 91 90 A0240 145 176 158F0 91 B0 9E240 145 134 161F0 91 86 A1
UTF-16 39200F5040000FA043081A84955302 56858D806 DE1A55301 56352D805 DC2055303 56350D807 DC1E55300 56737D804 DDA1
Numeric character reference ཐཐྠྠꡉꡉ𑨚𑨚𑐠𑐠𑰞𑰞𑆡𑆡


Character information
Preview
Unicode nameMYANMAR LETTER THATAI THAM LETTER HIGH THANEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechex
Unicode 4113U+10116707U+1A336543U+198F
UTF-8 225 128 145E1 80 91225 168 179E1 A8 B3225 166 143E1 A6 8F
Numeric character reference ထထᨳᨳᦏᦏ


Character information
Preview
Unicode nameKHMER LETTER THALAO LETTER THO SUNGTHAI CHARACTER THO THUNGTAI VIET LETTER LOW THOTAI VIET LETTER HIGH THO
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 6032U+17903734U+0E963606U+0E1643670U+AA9643671U+AA97
UTF-8 225 158 144E1 9E 90224 186 150E0 BA 96224 184 150E0 B8 96234 170 150EA AA 96234 170 151EA AA 97
Numeric character reference ថថຖຖถถꪖꪖꪗꪗ


Character information
Preview𑄗𑜌𑤜
Unicode nameSINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNAKAYAH LI LETTER HTACHAKMA LETTER THAATAI LE LETTER THAAHOM LETTER THADIVES AKURU LETTER THASAURASHTRA LETTER THACHAM LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 3502U+0DAE43283U+A91369911U+111176487U+195771436U+1170C71964U+1191C43170U+A8A243540U+AA14
UTF-8 224 182 174E0 B6 AE234 164 147EA A4 93240 145 132 151F0 91 84 97225 165 151E1 A5 97240 145 156 140F0 91 9C 8C240 145 164 156F0 91 A4 9C234 162 162EA A2 A2234 168 148EA A8 94
UTF-16 35020DAE43283A91355300 56599D804 DD176487195755301 57100D805 DF0C55302 56604D806 DD1C43170A8A243540AA14
Numeric character reference ථථꤓꤓ𑄗𑄗ᥗᥗ𑜌𑜌𑤜𑤜ꢢꢢꨔꨔ


Character information
Preview𑘞𑦾𑩬𑵴 Kaithi Tha.svg
Unicode nameMODI LETTER THANANDINAGARI LETTER THASOYOMBO LETTER THASYLOTI NAGRI LETTER THOGUNJALA GONDI LETTER THAKAITHI LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 71198U+1161E72126U+119BE72300U+11A6C43029U+A81573076U+11D7469791U+1109F
UTF-8 240 145 152 158F0 91 98 9E240 145 166 190F0 91 A6 BE240 145 169 172F0 91 A9 AC234 160 149EA A0 95240 145 181 180F0 91 B5 B4240 145 130 159F0 91 82 9F
UTF-16 55301 56862D805 DE1E55302 56766D806 DDBE55302 56940D806 DE6C43029A81555303 56692D807 DD7455300 56479D804 DC9F
Numeric character reference 𑘞𑘞𑦾𑦾𑩬𑩬ꠕꠕ𑵴𑵴𑂟𑂟


Character information
Preview𑒟𑱻
Unicode nameTIRHUTA LETTER THALEPCHA LETTER THALIMBU LETTER THAMEETEI MAYEK LETTER THOUMARCHEN LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 70815U+1149F7179U+1C0B6412U+190C43978U+ABCA72827U+11C7B
UTF-8 240 145 146 159F0 91 92 9F225 176 139E1 B0 8B225 164 140E1 A4 8C234 175 138EA AF 8A240 145 177 187F0 91 B1 BB
UTF-16 55301 56479D805 DC9F71791C0B6412190C43978ABCA55303 56443D807 DC7B
Numeric character reference 𑒟𑒟ᰋᰋᤌᤌꯊꯊ𑱻𑱻


Character information
Preview𑚚𑠚𑈚𑋎𑅤𑊗
Unicode nameTAKRI LETTER THADOGRA LETTER THAKHOJKI LETTER THAKHUDAWADI LETTER THAMAHAJANI LETTER THAMULTANI LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode 71322U+1169A71706U+1181A70170U+1121A70350U+112CE69988U+1116470295U+11297
UTF-8 240 145 154 154F0 91 9A 9A240 145 160 154F0 91 A0 9A240 145 136 154F0 91 88 9A240 145 139 142F0 91 8B 8E240 145 133 164F0 91 85 A4240 145 138 151F0 91 8A 97
UTF-16 55301 56986D805 DE9A55302 56346D806 DC1A55300 56858D804 DE1A55300 57038D804 DECE55300 56676D804 DD6455300 56983D804 DE97
Numeric character reference 𑚚𑚚𑠚𑠚𑈚𑈚𑋎𑋎𑅤𑅤𑊗𑊗


Character information
Preview
Unicode nameBALINESE LETTER TA TAWAJAVANESE LETTER TA MURDA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode 6947U+1B2343425U+A9A1
UTF-8 225 172 163E1 AC A3234 166 161EA A6 A1
Numeric character reference ᬣᬣꦡꦡ


Character information
Preview𑴜
Unicode nameMASARAM GONDI LETTER THA
Encodingsdecimalhex
Unicode 72988U+11D1C
UTF-8 240 145 180 156F0 91 B4 9C
UTF-16 55303 56604D807 DD1C
Numeric character reference 𑴜𑴜


Related Research Articles

Ga is the third consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, ga is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ṅa is the fifth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, It is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Cha is the seventh consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, cha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic letter ("Q") after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ta is the sixteenth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, ta is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ṭa is a consonant of Indic abugidas. It is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other retroflex consonants, ṭa is absent from most scripts not used for a language of India.

Ṭha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ṭha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other cerebral consonants, ṭha is not found in most scripts for Tai, Sino-Tibetan, and other non-Indic languages, except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing Sanskrit religious terms.

Ḍa is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Dda is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other cerebral consonants, ḍa is not found in most scripts for Tai, Sino-Tibetan, and other non-Indic languages, except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing Sanskrit religious terms.

Ḍha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ḍha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other cerebral consonants, ḍha is not found in most scripts for Tai, Sino-Tibetan, and other non-Indic languages, except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing Sanskrit religious terms.

Ṇa is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ṇa is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other cerebral consonants, ṇa is not found in most scripts for Tai, Sino-Tibetan, and other non-Indic languages, except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing Sanskrit religious terms.

Da is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Da is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Dha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Dha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Na is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Na is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Pha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Pha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ya is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ya is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ra is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ra is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . Most Indic scripts have differing forms of Ra when used in combination with other consonants, including subjoined and repha forms. Some of these are encoded in computer text as separate characters, while others are generated dynamically using conjunct shaping with a virama.

La is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, La is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Śa or Sha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Śa is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ṣa is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ssa is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Sa is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Sa is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Ha is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

References

  1. Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN   0-471-39340-1.
  2. 1 2 Bühler, Georg (1898). "On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet". archive.org. Karl J. Trübner. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  3. Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838
  4. Pall, Peeter. "Microsoft Word - kblhi2" (PDF). Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed. Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  5. "The Bengali Alphabet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28.
^note Conjuncts are identified by IAST transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + Ha, and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".