Timeline of Munich

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Munich , Germany.

Prior to 17th century

• 1158 - Duke Henry the Lion builds bridge, mint, and salt-depot. ^{[1] [2]}
• 1175 - Munich gains official status as city.
• 1239 - Coat of arms of Munich in use.
• 1240 - Otto II Wittelsbach in power.
• 1255 - City becomes ducal residence of Upper Bavaria.
• 1327
  • Fire  [ de ]. ^[3]
  • City then rebuilt by Louis the Bavarian
• 1368
  • Cathedral construction begins. ^[3]
  • St. Peter's Church reconstructed. ^[4]
• 1383 - Löwenbräu founded. ^[5]
• 1385 - Munich Residenz built.
• 1394 - Town Hall built.
• 1397 - Guild uprising.
• 1429 - Fire.
• 1482 - Johann Schauer sets up printing press. ^[6]
• 1494 - Frauenkirche consecrated. ^[2]
• 1506 - City becomes capital of Bavaria.
• 1576 - Jesuit school built (approximate date). ^[7]

17th-18th centuries

• 1609 - Catholic League founded.
• 1617 - Hofgarten laid out.

  

  In 1632 the Swedes occupied Munich.

• 1623 - Schleissheim Palace constructed.
• 1628 - Treaty of Munich signed.
• 1632 - City occupied by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. ^[3]
• 1634 - Bubonic plague.
• 1638 - Mary's Column erected, Marienplatz.
• 1653 - State opera active.
• 1675 - Nymphenburg Palace built. ^[2]
• 1680 - Population: 20,000 ^[2]
• 1688 - Premiere of Steffani's opera Niobe .
• 1690 - Theatine Church built.
• 1705 - Sendlinger Mordweihnacht.
• 1739 - Amalienburg built.
• 1742 - Habsburgs in power. ^[2]
• 1753 - Cuvilliés Theatre built.
• 1759 - Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities founded. ^[2]
• 1762
  • 28 April: Fire. ^[8]
  • Hoforchester active.
• 1781 - Premiere of Mozart's opera Idomeneo. ^[9]
• 1783 - Population: 38,000. ^[2]
• 1789 - Englischer Garten laid out by Count Rumford. ^[4]
• 1797 - Charitable soup kitchen begins operating. ^[10]
• 1800 - 2 July: City taken by French forces. ^[3]

19th century

Further information (in German): Timeline of Munich/1801–1900  ^{[ de ]}

• 1801 - Population - 48,885. ^[2]
• 1806 - City becomes capital of Kingdom of Bavaria.
• 1807
  • Viktualienmarkt active.
  • Hofgartenkaserne built.
  • Augustiner-Keller beer garden in business.
• 1808 - Royal Academy of Fine Arts established.
• 1809 - Alte Münze in use.
• 1810 - Wiesnwirt  [ de ] (Oktoberfest) begins. ^[10]
• 1818
  • National Theatre built.
  • Lese-Konditorei (reading cafe) in business. ^[10]
• 1825 - Accession of Ludwig I of Bavaria leads to "handsome streets and buildings". ^[2]

Oktoberfest in 1823

• 1826
  • Ludwig Maximilian University relocates to Munich. ^[3]
  • Türkenkaserne built.
• 1830

  

  Munich in 1829

  • Ludwigstraße laid out (approximate date).
  • Glyptothek built. ^[11]
• 1835 - St. Boniface's Abbey founded by Ludwig I of Bavaria. ^[4]
• 1836 - Alte Pinakothek established. ^[12]
• 1837 - Allerheiligen-Hofkirche built.
• 1839 - Train station opens.
• 1843
  • State Library building constructed.
  • Paläontologisches Museum established. ^[13]
• 1844
  • Ludwigskirche consecrated.
  • Feldherrnhalle constructed.
• 1848 - München Hauptbahnhof relocated.
• 1853
  • Maximilianstraße laid out.
  • Neue Pinakothek established. ^[14]
• 1854 - Glaspalast built; city hosts General German Industrial Exhibition. ^[2]
• 1855 - Bavarian National Museum founded.
• 1861 - Population: 148,201. ^[15]
• 1862 - Propylaea constructed.
• 1865 - Premiere of Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde. ^[9]
• 1867 - Royal Bavarian Music School established.
• 1868
  • State Museum of Ethnology founded.
  • Technical University of Munich opened.
• 1869 - Museum für Abgüsse Klassischer Bildwerke created.
• 1871
  • Haidhausen station and München Süd station open.
  • Population: 169,693. ^[16]
• 1875 - Munich Opera Festival begins.
• 1876 - Trams in Munich runs by horsecar.
• 1878 - Munich Pasing station relocated.
• 1879
  • Bavarian Army Museum founded.
  • Over 28 million gallons of beer were brewed in Munich. ^[2]
• 1880
  • Bürgerliches Brauhaus formed.
  • Population: 230,023. ^{[16] [2]}
• 1882 - Allgemeine Zeitung moved to Munich.
• 1885
  • Bürgerbräukeller (beer hall) in business.
  • Population: 261,982. ^[16]
• 1887
  • Hofatelier Elvira founded.
  • Café Luitpold  [ de ] opens. ^[17]
• 1888 - Munich Stadtmuseum established.
• 1889 - Eisenbahnkaserne built.

Munich in the 1890s

• 1890 - Population: 350,594. ^[16]
• 1892
  • Rotkreuzklinikum München  [ de ] (hospital) opens.
  • Academic Alpine Club of Munich  [ de ] formed. ^[18]
• 1893
  • Munich City Archives  [ de ] active.
  • Kaim Orchestra formed.
• 1894 -Production of Hildebrand & Wolfmüller motorcycle begins. ^[19]
• 1895
  • Trams in Munich electrified.
  • Population: 407,174. ^[16]
• 1896 - Simplicissimus magazine begins publication.
• 1898 - City hosts Kraft- und Arbeitsmaschinen-Ausstellung.
• 1900
  • FC Bayern Munich founded.
  • Künstlerhaus am Lenbachplatz  [ de ] opens.

20th century

Further information (in German): Timeline of Munich/1901–2000  ^{[ de ]}

1900–1945

Sterneckerbräu, where Hitler attended his first German Workers' Party meeting on 12 September 1919 (photo 1925)

• 1901
  • Franz Eher publisher in business.
  • Prinzregententheater opens.
• 1902 - Anthropologisch-Prähistorisches Sammlung des Staates formed.
• 1903 - Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik founded.
• 1904 - Heinrich Thannhauser's art gallery opens.
• 1905 - Population: 538,983. ^[4]
• 1906 - City co-hosts the 1906 World Figure Skating Championships.
• 1908 - New Town Hall built; Rathaus-Glockenspiel installed.
• 1909
  • Neue Künstlervereinigung München founded. ^[21]
  • Modern Gallery of contemporary art and Schackgalerie ^[22] open.
• 1910 – 12 September: Premiere of Mahler's Symphony No. 8 .
• 1911
  • Hellabrunn Zoo opens.
  • Der Blaue Reiter art exhibit held. ^[21]
• 1917 - Bayerische Motoren Werke formed.
• 1919
  • German Workers' Party founded in Munich.
  • 16 October: Hitler gives his first political speech at the Hofbräukeller.
  • City becomes capital of Bavarian Soviet Republic.
  • Population: 630,711. ^[23]
• 1920
  • July: Consulate of Poland opens. ^[24]
  • Nazi paramilitary Sturmabteilung headquartered in Munich.
  • Nazi Völkischer Beobachter newspaper headquartered in Munich.
• 1923 - 8–9 November: Nazis attempt coup ("Beer Hall Putsch"). ^[25]
• 1925
  • Deutsche Verkehrsausstellung 1925  [ de ] (transportation exposition) held in city.
  • München Hauptbahnhof electrified.
• 1927 - Richard Strauss Conservatory founded.
• 1929 - Lenbachhaus museum opens.
• 1930
  • 13 September: Hitler gives campaign speech at the Circus Krone Building, prior to German federal election, 1930 on 14 September.
  • Population: 728,900.
• 1931 - National Socialist Party headquartered in Brown House.
• 1932
  • Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (intelligence agency) headquartered in Munich.
  • Zoologische Staatssammlung München formed.
• 1933
  • Nazi headquarters relocated from Munich to Berlin.
  • March: Dachau concentration camp begins operating near city. ^[19]
• 1934 - Hunting museum established.
• 1935 - Münchner Haus der Kulturinstitute built.

Adolf Hitler visits the House of German Art in 1937.

• 1937
  • Führerbau constructed.
  • 18 July: House of German Art opens.
  • 19 July: "Degenerate art" exhibit held in Hofgarten. ^[21]
• 1938
  • September: Munich Agreement signed. ^[26]
  • November: Kristallnacht.
• 1939
  • Munich-Riem Airport opens.
  • Population: 829,318.
• 1940
  • June: Bombing of Munich begins.
• 1942
  • 27 June: White Rose group active. ^[27]
  • 17 December: Forced labour camp for men established in the Moosach district. ^[28]
• 1943
  • February: Munich-Allach subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp established by the SS.
  • Polenlager Ost and Polenlager Süd forced labour subcamps of the local Nazi prison for youth established for young Poles (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation ). ^{[29] [30]}
• 1944
  • 5 August: Forced labour camp for women established in the Berg am Laim district. ^[31]
  • Agfa-Commando subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp established.
  • 2 December: Forced labour camp for women in Berg am Laim dissolved. ^[31]

War destruction in 1945

• 1945
  • 13 March: Forced labour camp for men in Moosach dissolved. ^[28]
  • City captured by Americans. Remaining prisoners of the Munich-Allach and Agfa-Commando subcamps liberated.
  • AFN Munich begins broadcasting.
  • Munich Central Collecting Point set up.
  • Denazification.
  • Christian Social Union in Bavaria headquartered in Munich.

1946-1990s

• 1948 - Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste established.
• 1949 - Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra founded.
• 1951 - Residenz Theatre built. ^[32]
• 1952 - Deutsches Brauereimuseum founded.
• 1954 - Population: 908,572.
• 1955
  • Italian Cultural Institute in Munich founded. ^[33]
  • Fast-food Wienerwald (restaurant) in business. ^[10]
• 1958
  • 6 February: Munich air disaster. ^[34]
  • Population: 1,011,878.
• 1959 - Munich Book Fair  [ de ] begins.
• 1960
  • Munich Central Station rebuilt.
  • Convair 340 crash.
• 1961 - Population: 1,106,298.
• 1963 - National Theatre rebuilt.
• 1965 - Population: 1,214,603.
• 1966
  • Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst founded.
  • Deutsches Jagdmuseum reopens.
• 1967 - Staatliche Antikensammlungen opens.
• 1969 - City hosts the 1969 World Table Tennis Championships.
• 1970
  • Munich bus attack
  • Population: 1,311,978.
• 1971 - U-Bahn begins operating.
• 1972
  • S-Bahn begins operating.
  • Olympic Stadium opens; city hosts Summer Olympics; Munich massacre.
  • BMW Headquarters is established.
• 1973 - Islamic Center of Munich  [ de ] built. ^[35]
• 1974 - City hosts the 1974 World Figure Skating Championships.
• 1975 - City co-hosts the 1975 Ice Hockey World Championships.

Munich Old Town in 1976

• 1978 - Population: 1,296,970.
• 1980 - Museum Witt established; Oktoberfest bombing.
• 1983
  • April–May: City co-hosts the 1983 Ice Hockey World Championships.
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show). ^[36]
• 1985 - Gasteig culture center opens.
• 1988 - Munich Biennale opera festival begins.
• 1989 - Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, USA. ^[37]
• 1990 - Museum of Man and Nature opens.
• 1992
  • City hosts 18th G7 summit.
  • Museum Villa Stuck opens.
  • Munich Airport opens.
• 1993
  • Bayerische Staatskanzlei built.
  • Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding founded.
• 1995 - Eureka Prometheus Project's VaMP driverless car goes to Copenhagen and back.
• 1996 - City website online (approximate date). ^[38]
• 1999
  • Czech Centre in Munich founded. ^[39]
  • BMW Headquarters declared as protected historical building
• 2000 - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie  [ de ] formed. ^[13]

21st century

• 2001 - City hosts the 2001 World Judo Championships.
• 2002 - Pinakothek der Moderne opens.
• 2003 - Goetz Collection opens.
• 2005 - Allianz Arena opens.
• 2006 - Ohel Jakob synagogue built.
• 2007
  • Jewish Museum opens.
  • Population: 1,311,573.
• 2009 - Museum Brandhorst opens.
• 2010 - Türkentor restored.
• 2012 - March: 2012 Munich artworks discovery.
• 2013 - Population: 1,407,836.
• 2014 - Dieter Reiter becomes mayor.
• 2015
  • Migrants arrive. ^[40]
  • NS-Dokumentationszentrum built.
• 2016 - Munich shooting occurs.
• 2024 - 2024 Munich shooting
• 2025 - 2025 Munich car attack

See also

• History of Munich
• List of mayors of Munich
• Timeline of German history
• Timelines of other cities in the state of Bavaria: Augsburg, Nuremberg, Würzburg

References

1. Baedeker 1887.
2. Britannica 1884.
3. Townsend 1877.
4. Britannica 1910.
5. Melitta Weiss Adamson (2004). "Timeline". Food in Medieval Times. Greenwood. ISBN   978-0-313-32147-4.
6. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
7. Georg Michael Pachtler (1890). "Chronologie der Stiftung von Kollegien S.J. innerhalb des alten deutschen Reiches und Belgiens (Chronology of Jesuit colleges in the old German Empire and Belgium)". Monumenta Germaniae Paedagogica (in German). Vol. 9. Berlin: A. Hofmann & Comp. pp. 62 v.
8. Overall 1870.
9. Claude Egerton Lowe (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co.
10. Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN   978-0-313-34495-4.
11. Wadleigh 1910.
12. Alte Pinakothek (Munich, Germany) (1890), Catalogue of the paintings in the Old Pinakothek, Munich, Munich: Printed by Knorr & Hirth, OCLC   15988645, OL   24632243M
13. "Geschichte der Staatssammlung". München: Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
14. Florence Jean Ansell (1910), The art of the Munich galleries, Boston: L.C. Page & Company, OL   23279042M
15. Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Bayern". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
16. Brockhaus 1896.
17. Bruckmann 1914.
18. A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
19. Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN   978-1-60819-738-5.
20. David T. Zabecki (2015). "Chronology of World War II in Europe". World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-135-81242-3.
21. Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
22. Munich. Schackgalerie (1911), Schack Gallery in Munich, Munich: [G. Hirth], OL   13519810M
23. "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
24. Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
25. "Germany Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
26. Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN   978-1-60376-377-6.
27. "Cases: Germany". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Pennsylvania, USA: Swarthmore College . Retrieved 3 December 2013.
28. "Arbeitserziehungslager München-Moosach". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
29. "Außenkommando "Polenlager Ost" des Jugendgefängnisses München-Stadelheim". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
30. "Außenkommando "Polenlager Süd" des Jugendgefängnisses München-Stadelheim". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
31. "Arbeitserziehungslager München-Berg am Laim". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
32. Rosenfeld 2000.
33. "Storia". Istituto Italiano di Cultura Monaco di Baviera (in Italian). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
34. Tom Dunmore (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7188-5.
35. Ossama Hegazy (2015). "Towards a German Mosque". In Erkan Toğuşlu (ed.). Everyday Life Practices of Muslims in Europe. Leuven University Press. pp. 193–216. ISBN   978-94-6270-032-1.
36. "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
37. "Cincinnati USA Sister City Association". USA. Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.
38. "Landeshauptstadt München" (in German). Archived from the original on September 13, 2002 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
39. "O nás". České centrum Mnichov (in Czech). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
40. "Tausende Flüchtlinge erreichen Bayern: München ist da" [Thousands of refugees reach Bavaria], Der Spiegel (in German), 1 September 2015

Bibliography

in English

• Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Munich", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
• Munich and Environs. Grieben's Travelling-Bibliothek (10th ed.). Berlin. 1866.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Munich". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
• George Henry Townsend (1877), "Munich", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427 – via HathiTrust
• Muirhead, James Fullarton (1884). "Munich"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 17 (9th ed.).
• "Munich", Southern Germany and Austria, including Hungary and Transylvania (6th ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1887
• "Munich"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Munich", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via HathiTrust
• Henry Rawle Wadleigh (1910), Munich, history, monuments, and art, London: T.F. Unwin, OL   7199297M
• Guide to Munich, Bruckmann's Illustrated Guides (40th ed.), Munich: A. Bruckmann, 1914, OL   14010636M
• Gavriel D. Rosenfeld (2000). Munich and Memory: Architecture, Monuments, and the Legacy of the Third Reich. University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-92302-7.
• John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Munich". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN   0-8240-7644-3.

in German

• Trautmann, Karl; Reinhardstöttner, Karl von (1887), Jahrbuch für Münchener Geschichte [Annual review of Munich history] (in German), pp. 5 v 1887-
• "Munchen". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 12 (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064494.
• P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Munchen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas[Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.

External links

• Links to fulltext city directories for Munich via Wikisource