Tokyo currently sends 53 elected members to the Diet of Japan, 42 to the House of Representatives and 11 to the House of Councillors.
Tokyo currently sends 53 elected members to the Diet of Japan, 42 to the House of Representatives and 11 to the House of Councillors.
The current House of Representatives Tokyo delegation consists of 42 representatives in total. The parties that these members belong to is - 21 members of the LDP, 12 CDP, 3 Komeito, 2 Ishin, 2 JCP, 1 Reiwa and 1 independent.
These delegates are made up of 25 members elected in district seats, and 17 members elected via the proportional representation method.
Alongside Hokkaido, Tokyo is the only other prefecture-level division with its own proportional representation block. The PR block consists of 17 members.
| Representative | Party | District contested | Incumbency |
|---|---|---|---|
 Kei Takagi | Liberal Democratic | None | 22 October 2017 – present |
 Miki Yamada | Tokyo-19th | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Takao Ochi | Tokyo-6th | 22 October 2017 – present | |
 Kenji Wakamiya | Tokyo-5th | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Akihisa Nagashima | Tokyo-18th | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Hirotaka Ishihara | Tokyo-3rd | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Shunsuke Ito | Constitutional Democratic | Tokyo-23rd | 22 October 2017 – present |
 Yosuke Suzuki | Tokyo-10th | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Banri Kaieda | Tokyo-1st | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Masako Ōkawara | Tokyo-21st | 31 October 2021 – present | |
| Tsukasa Abe | Ishin | Tokyo-12th | 31 October 2021 – present |
 Taisuke Ono | Tokyo-1st | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Yōsuke Takagi | Komeito | None | 25 June 2000 – present |
| Koichi Kasai | None | 31 October 2021 – present | |
 Akira Kasai | Communist | None | 11 September 2005 – present |
| Tōru Miyamoto | Tokyo-20th | 14 December 2014 – present | |
 Mari Kushibuchi | Reiwa | Tokyo-22nd | 28 April 2022 – present |
The current House of Councillors Tokyo delegation consists of 4 members of the LDP, 2 JCP, 2 Komeito, 1 CDP, 1 Ishin, and 1 Reiwa. The members are elected from the Tokyo at-large district.
| Class | # | Councillors | Party | Term ends | Incumbency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 1 |  Tamayo Marukawa | Liberal Democratic | 28 July 2025 | 29 July 2007 – present |
| 2 |  Natsuo Yamaguchi | Komeito | 28 July 2025 | 29 July 2001 – present | |
| 3 |  Yoshiko Kira | Communist | 28 July 2025 | 29 July 2013 – present | |
| 4 |  Ayaka Shiomura | Constitutional Democratic | 28 July 2025 | 29 July 2019 – present | |
| 5 |  Shun Otokita | Ishin | 28 July 2025 | 29 July 2019 – present | |
| 6 |  Keizō Takemi | Liberal Democratic | 28 July 2025 | 29 July 2013 – present | |
| 2022 | 1 |  Kentaro Asahi | Liberal Democratic | 25 July 2028 | 26 July 2016 – present |
| 2 |  Toshiko Takeya | Komeito | 25 July 2028 | 26 July 2010 – present | |
| 3 |  Taku Yamazoe | Communist | 25 July 2028 | 26 July 2016 – present | |
| 4 | Vacant | ||||
| 5 |  Akiko Ikuina | Liberal Democratic | 25 July 2028 | 26 July 2022 – present | |
| 6 |  Taro Yamamoto | Reiwa | 25 July 2028 | 26 July 2022 – present | |
The politics of Japan are conducted in a framework of a dominant-party bicameral parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. A hereditary monarch, currently Emperor Naruhito, serves as head of state while the Prime Minister of Japan, currently Shigeru Ishiba since 2024, serves as the elected head of government.
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The House of Councillors is the upper house. The composition of the House is established by Article 41 and Article 42 of the Constitution of Japan. The House of Representatives has 465 members, elected for a four-year term. Of these, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member constituencies by a party-list system of proportional representation, and 289 are elected from single-member constituencies.
The House of Councillors is the upper house of the National Diet of Japan. The House of Representatives is the lower house. The House of Councillors is the successor to the pre-war House of Peers. If the two houses disagree on matters of the budget, treaties, or the nomination of the prime minister, the House of Representatives can insist on its decision. In other decisions, the House of Representatives can override a vote of the House of Councillors only by a two-thirds majority of members present.
The Japanese political process has two types of elections.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 29 July 2001. They were the first national elections since Junichiro Koizumi became Prime Minister after Yoshiro Mori resigned in April 2001. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its election allies, were the major winner, provided Koizumi a strong mandates to move forward with his reform policies. The ruling coalition performed well, and regain their majority in the House of Councillors.
The Tōkyō proportional representation block, or more formally the proportional representation tier "Tokyo Metropolis electoral district", is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) "blocks", multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists solely of the prefecture of Tokyo making it one of two blocks covering only one prefecture, the other being Hokkaido. Following the introduction of proportional voting Tokyo elected 19 representatives by PR in the 1996 general election, and 17 since the election of 2000 when the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on July 21, 2013 to elect the members of the upper house of the National Diet. In the previous elections in 2010, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) remained the largest party, but the DPJ-led ruling coalition lost its majority. The House of Councillors is elected by halves to six year terms. In 2013, the class of Councillors elected in 2007 was up.
Politics of Osaka, as in all 47 prefectures of Japan, takes place in the framework of local autonomy that is guaranteed by chapter 8 of the Constitution and laid out in the Local Autonomy Law. The administration is headed by a governor directly elected by the people every four years in first-past-the-post elections. Legislation, the budget and the approval of personnel appointments, including the vice governors, are handled by the prefectural assembly that is directly elected by the people every four years by single-non transferable vote.
General elections were held in Japan on 22 October 2017. Voting took place in all Representatives constituencies of Japan – 289 single-member districts and eleven proportional blocks – in order to appoint all 465 members of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the then 707-member bicameral National Diet of Japan. Incumbent Prime Minister Shinzō Abe's governing coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Komeito party retained their seats in signs of what was perceived as weak opposition. Abe won his fourth term in office and held on to the two-thirds supermajority in order to implement policies on revising the war-renouncing Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on Sunday 10 July 2016 to elect 121 of the 242 members of the House of Councillors, the upper house of the National Diet, for a term of six years. As a result of the election, the Liberal Democratic Party–Komeito coalition gained ten seats for a total of 145, the largest coalition achieved since the size of the house was set at 242 seats.
The Democratic Party, was a political party in Japan. It was the largest opposition political party in Japan from 2016 until its marginalization in the House of Representatives in 2017. The party was founded on 27 March 2016 from the merger of the Democratic Party of Japan and the Japan Innovation Party. The majority of the party split on 28 September 2017, before the 2017 general election. Many of its members contesting the election as candidates for the Party of Hope, Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or as party members without nomination. On 7 May 2018 the DP merged with the Party of Hope to form the Democratic Party For the People.
General elections were held in Japan on 31 October 2021, as required by the constitution. Voting took place in all constituencies in order to elect members to the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet. As the constitution requires the cabinet to resign in the first Diet session after a general election, the elections will also lead to a new election for Prime Minister in the Diet, and the appointment of a new cabinet, although ministers may be re-appointed. The election was the first general election of the Reiwa era.
The Japanese National Proportional Representation Block, known in Japan as the House of Councillors proportional district is an electoral district for the House of Councillors, the upper house of the National Diet of Japan. It consists of the whole nation and elects 50 members per election, 100 in total, by D'Hondt method proportional representation (PR).
Hokkaido currently sends 26 elected members to the Diet of Japan, 20 to the House of Representatives and 6 to the House of Councillors. The prefecture sends 6 Councillors after the 2019.
Okinawa currently sends 8 elected members to the Diet of Japan, 6 to the House of Representatives and 2 to the House of Councillors.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 21 July 2019 to elect 124 of the 245 members of the upper house of the National Diet for a term of six years.
Aichi Prefecture currently sends 34 elected members to the Diet of Japan, 26 to the House of Representatives and 8 to the House of Councillors.
Prefectural elections for the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly were held on 4 July 2021. The 127 members were elected in forty-two electoral districts, seven returning single members elected by first-past-the-post, and thirty-five returning multiple members under single non-transferable vote. Two districts had their magnitude adjusted in this election to match population changes.
General elections were held in Japan on 27 October 2024 due to the early dissolution of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet, by Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba. Voting took place in all constituencies, including proportional blocks, to elect all 465 members of the House of Representatives.
On April 28, 2024, by-elections in Japan were held in order to fill vacancies in the National Diet of Japan. In the October 27 slot, there will be at least one national by-election, for the Iwate senate seat in the 2022 class after incumbent Megumi Hirose (LDP→independent) has resigned.
