Trafford Centre

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The Trafford Centre
TraffordCentreLogo.svg
Trafford Centre main entrance05.jpg
Trafford Centre main entrance
Location Dumplington, Trafford, Greater Manchester, England [1]
Opening date10 September 1998;27 years ago (1998-09-10) [2]
Developer The Peel Group [3]
Management Savills [4]
Owner
Architect
No. of stores and services200 [1]
No. of anchor tenants
4 [1]
Total retail floor area
  • Retail: 185,000 m2 (1,990,000 sq ft) [8] [1]
  • Leisure: 16,258 m2 (175,000 sq ft) [8]
  • Dining: 13,935 m2 (150,000 sq ft) [8]
  • Total: 207,000 m2 (2,230,000 sq ft) [8]
No. of floors3
Parking11,500 [9]
Public transit access Manchester Metrolink - The Trafford Centre & Barton Dock Road
Website traffordcentre.co.uk

The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and entertainment complex in Trafford Park, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1998 and is third largest in the United Kingdom by retail space. [10] [11]

Contents

Originally developed by the Peel Group, the Trafford Centre was sold to Capital Shopping Centres, later to become Intu, in 2011 for £1.65 billion; [12] it set a record as the costliest single property sale in British history. [13]

The battle to obtain permission to build the centre was amongst the longest and most expensive in United Kingdom planning history. [3] As of 2011, the Trafford Centre had Europe's largest food court and the UK's busiest cinema. [1]

History

Genesis

In 1922 the Manchester Ship Canal Company purchased 2,000 acres (810 ha) of the former de Trafford family estate. Their intention was to develop it for industrial uses, mirroring the success of the existing Trafford Park estate. By the time that Trafford Park's industry began to decline in the 1960s one 300-acre (120 ha) parcel of land would remain undeveloped. [2]

The Peel Group had begun developing retail parks around the North West of England in the early 1980s and had initially earmarked the future Trafford Centre site as a location for a new retail park. Its Chairman, John Whittaker was made aware of the site in 1984 and realised that it would be suitable for a large indoor shopping mall similar to the Metro Centre in Gateshead. [14]

I had a look at it and said this isn’t a retail park, this is a Metro. This is really the right location for a Metro.

— John Whittaker, Chairman of The Peel Group [14]

Upon learning that the site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company, which Whittaker had been acquiring shares in since 1971, [15] Whittaker approached them with an offer to purchase but was told that as the land was earmarked for Manchester's bid for the 1996 summer Olympics it was not for sale. The chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal company also revealed that they also had plans to build a shopping centre on the site if the Olympic bid was unsuccessful. [14]

Having his offer to purchase the site rebuffed put Whittaker on a pathway to taking control of the Manchester Ship Canal Company by strategically acquiring controlling shares.

Manchester City Council encountered a conflict of interest as both a local planning authority and a minority shareholder of the Ship Canal Company, however Its shareholding no longer afforded it any real control. Manchester City Council voiced their opposition to Whittaker's retail proposal citing potential negative impacts on the Manchester city centre economy. They however acknowledged that the development was in the interests of the shareholders. [16]

Consequently, in 1986, the council surrendered its rights to appoint all but one of the Manchester Ship Canal Company's directors and sold its shares to Whittaker for £10 million. [16]

By 1986, Whitaker had majority control of the Manchester Ship Canal Company and that year a planning application for a shopping centre and various sports facilities on the 300-acre site was submitted to Trafford Council. The site was the last undeveloped part of Trafford Park and would remain in agricultural use until 1990. [17] The proposal was subsequently called in by the Secretary of State for the Environment, resulting in legal disputes and two public inquiries before planning permission was granted. Concerns raised included potential congestion on the M60 motorway and adverse consequences for high streets in other Greater Manchester towns. [18]

The Trafford Centre was not the only proposal for a large shopping centre in the area. A rival centre known as Regatta at Salteye was to be located close to Barton Aerodrome in Salford, just across the Manchester Ship Canal from the Trafford Centre. This proposal was similar in size to the Trafford Centre and was submitted for planning permission at around the same time. It would also be called in by the Secretary of State due to its size and the government made it clear that only one proposal could be permitted. In 1990, the government indicated that the Trafford Centre was the stronger scheme, the Regatta proposal was subsequently withdrawn shortly afterwards. [19] [20]

The Trafford Centre would be granted planning permission in 1993, [21] but this was later blocked by the Court of Appeal. The Peel Group appealed the decision which lead to the case being considered by the House of Lords, the highest court in the land at the time. Planning permission was then reinstated in 1995. [22] [23] [24]

John Whittaker was not perturbed by the protracted planning challenges and always expected the decision to eventually be made in his favour. The extended timescale allowed Whittaker and the centre's architect, Rodney Carran of Chapman Taylor architects to visit shopping centres around the world for inspiration. [14]

Following the House of Lords' decision to approve the scheme in May 1995, work began on designing the final version of the centre. [25] Bovis Construction was appointed as the lead contractor in October 1995. [26] In February 1996, Selfridges was announced as the first anchor tenant. [27] Later that month an exhibition showcasing the design of the centre was held at Trafford Town Hall.

Construction commenced on-site in May 1996, with piling works. Assembly of the steel frame began in August. By December 1996 the dome's skeleton was visible on the skyline. By late 1997, the steel frame was complete and significant progress had been made on the facade and interior. During the summer of 1998 construction was at its peak, with 3,000 workers on-site fitting out retail units and completing other parts of the building. [28] After 27 months of construction, Peel had invested £600 million.

The Trafford Centre opened its doors on 10 September 1998, with approximately 140,000 eager shoppers visiting on opening day. [29]

An extension known as The Great Hall opened in March 2007, expanding the centre's dining options. [30] A new wing, Trafford Palazzo (originally known as Barton Square) opened in March 2008. [30] Initially focused on homeware and furniture, this extension was redeveloped with works completing in early 2020. Barton Square became a separate entity to the Trafford Centre during the later part of 2020. [31]

Intu

Peel Group sold the centre to Capital Shopping Centres (CSC) in January 2011 for £1.6 billion, in cash and shares, [32] and John Whittaker, chairman of Peel Group, became deputy chairman of CSC. [33] He later claimed he could have sold the centre for over £2 billion if he had been prepared to accept just cash. [34] Nevertheless, the £1.6 billion deal remained the largest property transaction in British history, [13] [35] and the biggest European property deal of 2011. [36]

Capital Shopping Centres was renamed Intu in 2013 and spent £7 million rebranding the "Intu Trafford Centre". [37]

As of 2017, Intu claimed a fair market value of £2.312 billion for the centre. [38] However, the firm entered administration in June 2020 and the centre was placed into receivership by its creditors in November 2020. [39] In 2020, the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, who had loaned Intu £250 million in 2017, exercised their rights as creditors to take ownership of the complex excluding Barton Square, which would be legally separated from the centre. [40]

Post Intu

The now-separated Barton Square was acquired again by Peel Land and Property in May 2021 for an undisclosed sum although the asking price was in excess of £50 million. [41] In November 2021 Peel re-branded the complex to Trafford Palazzo. [42]

Trafford Palazzo and the Trafford Centre now operate as separate shopping centres despite being physically linked.

Building

Inside the Trafford Centre
Trafford Centre The Dome 01.jpg
The main dome
Peel Avenue grand staircase and fountain.jpg
Peel Avenue grand staircase incorporating a fountain
Peel Avenue gf.jpg
Peel Avenue
Regent Crescent02.jpg
Regent Crescent

The three storey building consists of several distinct areas radiating from the main dome. Regent Crescent and Peel Avenue are the two shopping malls which are both anchored by department stores (Marks and Spencer and John Lewis respectively) at the far ends. The Dome is home to the first Selfridges outside of London. The 20-screen Odeon Cinema and other leisure facilities are also situated in the Dome area on the second floor accessed via The Orient.

The Orient is the leisure and dining area spread over two floors containing the largest food court in Europe and many other restaurants, cafes and leisure facilities. This area was extended in 2007 with the addition of The Great Hall.

The centre originally contained a market style hall at the end of Peel Avenue known as Festival Village. This 35,000 sq ft (3,300 m2) space was home to around 50smaller stores dedicated to more specialist retailers, [43] along with dining, creche and children's entertainment facilities. [44] This area was closed in late 2003 for conversion into the John Lewis department store, which opened in May 2005. [45]

Inspired by English stately homes, Vatican City and The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas, [46] [47] John Whittaker chose a lavish unorthodox neo-classical [48] inspired style seeking to avoid the centre rapidly appearing dated and stale, a problem many shopping centres were susceptible to. Although the extravagant Rococo and Baroque design may be viewed as gaudy, he argued the prospect of the shopping centre rapidly ageing was mitigated and long-term less renovation work would be required. [49]

When we first started the architects said, "you shouldn’t be doing all this and giving it all the razzmatazz and showbiz, leave that to the retailers. Make it plain, make it clinical, make it white and hospitalised and let them do the work". So then we put in the paintings, we put in the real gold leaf, we put artefacts everywhere, paintings. It is the people’s palace. It is something to attract shoppers ... to give them the Dallas effect.

— John Whittaker – chairman of the Peel Group [50]

Design work was shared between the architectural practices of Chapman Taylor and Manchester-based Leach Rhodes Walker. Chapman Taylor developed the conceptual design and general look and feel while Leach Rhodes Walker were responsible for the detailed technical design and coordination. The main contractor was Bovis, [51] with structural and mechanical & electrical engineering services provided by WSP Group. Due to the projects scale and complexity the architects produced over 3,000 drawings and specifications and 24 architects were required to work on the project full time during the construction process. [3]

During the construction phase numerous changes to the design were made as the needs of the retailers and Peel's commercial and aesthetic demands evolved. [28] [25] John Whittaker took an enormous personal interest in the construction of the project and was known to tour the building site at night to inspect the quality and progress of the work. [52]

The building was designed with adaptability in mind meaning that most of the retail units are able to accommodate a mezzanine floor allowing retailers to increase their floorspace within the same unit. An additional floor at second floor level can also be accommodated above the three major department store units if the need arises. [28] The centre was designed to ensure that visitors entered on both of the main floors in equal numbers ensuring that all areas are popular and has a design life of 150 years. [53] [10]

Externally the building is post modern [54] in architectural style and is clad in brick and reconstituted stone. [55] Influences of many historical styles can be seen on the exterior with Neoclassical and Egyptian Revival being especially prominent. [48]

The two shopping malls are covered by glazed vaulted roofs with cupolas at various points. The building is crowned by the 55 m (180 ft) high and 23 m (75 ft) wide main dome,  which the developers claim is larger than that of St Paul's Cathedral. [56] [50]

Decor

The interior of the Trafford Centre is decorated with an eclectic selection of classically inspired elements with each area having its own distinct character rich in colour and detail which helps visitors to orient themselves around the centre.

The flooring consists of 45,000 m2 (480,000 sq ft) of granite and marble from Montignoso and Quarrata. [57] Neoclassical style columns are painted to resemble marble and adorned with gold leaf. [56] The granite floors and brass handrails are polished nightly to maintain the centre's opulence. [58]

The Red Rose of Lancaster is used as a decorative motif paying homage to the local area and North West England. [59]

Manchester architecture critic John Parkinson-Bailey described the Trafford Centre as a building which "will not appeal to purists" and the range of interior architecture as "bewildering". [3]

A time capsule containing a variety of artefacts was laid in the floor beneath the main dome in July 1998. Pupils from the nearby Barton Clough Primary school attended the ceremony and produced drawings and other work contained within the capsule. [60]

A Mercedes 380SL car formerly belonging to John Whittaker's mother was originally displayed on the first floor mall outside F. Hinds and was moved to Trafford Palazzo after its acquisition by Peel. [61]

The interior of the centre is embellished with planting which takes the form of living and preserved trees as well other smaller shrubs which are grown in large planters. Upon opening the centre was home to 40 living trees and 65 preserved palm trees up to 15 metres high. The living trees, Ficus maclellandii and Adonidia Palms [62] were imported from Florida in the United States and spent some time in a nursery in Rotterdam, The Netherlands to acclimatise to the cooler European climate before being installed in the building. The preserved palms were grown in California, USA. [63]

The Global Harbour Mall in Shanghai, China features interior design heavily inspired by the Trafford Centre. Both centres were the work of Chapman Taylor architects.

Murals

The centre is decorated with hundreds of murals and Trompe-l'œil which adorn its walls and vaulted ceilings. These depict many different themes ranging from classical allegory to historical depictions of The Manchester Ship Canal and other prominent local landmarks.

Portraits lining the walls of Regent Crescent depict members of the design and construction team [64] as well as members of the Whittaker family.

Sculpture

A notable feature of the centre is the statuary and other sculptures. There are over 100 figures, mainly in a classical Greek or Roman style, many of which were specially commissioned for the centre. [65]

Kent based sculptor Guy Portelli was commissioned to create the 22 classical maidens adorning the colonnade at the front of The Orient. [66] Dancing maidens bear oak branches as reminder of Trafford Park's history as a "beautifully timbered deer park [67] " and reclining figures blow golden trumpets to herald in a new era.

Altrincham sculptor Colin Spofforth created bronze figures of a real life jazz band for the New Orleans theme. [68]

In 1999 a statue of Arthur Brooke, the founder of the Brooke Bond tea company which has had a factory nearby in Trafford Park since 1923, [69] was installed in the centre and can be found in The Orient. The statue was sculpted by Anthony Stones and was donated by the Brooke Bond tea company. [70]

As part of the Great Hall redevelopment in 2007, Spofforth was again commissioned to create a crest which forms part of a new portico at the main entrance. [71] This piece assembles a griffin, unicorn and Roman centurion, once more referencing the arms of the de Trafford family. [71] The centurion holds two lightning bolts, a reminder of Barton Power Station which was situated close by. [72]

Fountains

The Dolphin Fountain located on Peel Avenue. Famous for periodically shooting water into the dome above. Dolphin fountain, Trafford Centre (2).JPG
The Dolphin Fountain located on Peel Avenue. Famous for periodically shooting water into the dome above.

Another popular decorative element of the centre are its fountains. Seven [73] fountains originally entertained visitors throughout the centre. Over the years some have been replaced or removed.

The fountains instantly became a popular site for visitors to make a wish by tossing a coin into the water. The Trafford Centre periodically removes the coins from the fountains, cleans them and donates the money to local charities via its own Fountain Fund scheme. As of 2024, over £1.2 million has been donated since 1998. [74]

The Orient

The Orient is Europe's largest food court with 1,600 seats and 35 restaurant outlets. It is decorated in the style of a 1930s ocean liner, incorporating adjacent themed areas depicting China, the French Quarter of New Orleans, Egypt, Italy, New York and Morocco representing the destinations of an ocean voyage. [75]

The theme was chosen to reference the nearby Manchester Ship Canal and Manchester Docks where passenger and cargo ships used to set sail to all parts of the globe. [76] The ceiling of The Orient is painted to resemble a sky with changing lighting effects and fibre optic stars further enhancing the effect.

The two floors incorporate restaurants, bars and fast food outlets in sight of a giant screen.

The Orient was designed by the Wilmslow based Imagineering Global and was intended to become a destination in itself and originally had later opening hours to the rest of the centre at weekends.

In February 2025 the China Town section of The Orient was redeveloped into a new mini food court known as Eastern Garden. This area now houses several independent outlets serving Asian cuisine. As part of the works a new more contemporary design has been introduced inspired by Japanese architecture. Most of the original Chinese themeing has been removed. [77]

Great Hall

The Great Hall showing the marble staircase, chandelier and palm trees Great Hall Staircase.jpg
The Great Hall showing the marble staircase, chandelier and palm trees

An extension to The Orient known as The Great Hall opened in March 2007 [30] replacing an outdoor piazza known as The Place, its glazed structure houses five restaurants and cafes. Construction took 18 months at a cost of £26 million and incorporates a sweeping staircase with marble balustrades. The centre claims its Great Hall has the largest chandelier in the world at 11 metres (36 ft) wide and 15 metres (49 ft) high. The feature incorporates three internal maintenance walkways and weighs five ton. [78]

Trafford Palazzo (formerly Barton Square)

A 19,000 m2 (200,000 sq ft), extension to the Trafford Centre opened as Barton Square on 20 March 2008, at a cost of £90 million. [79] [80] Barton Square was originally intended to house retailers specialising in homeware, furniture, appliances and other 'bulky goods'. [81]

Barton Square was spun off as a separate entity to the Trafford Centre during the collapse of Intu in 2020. [41] It was then put up for sale as part of the administration process with an asking price in excess of £50 million. In May 2021 Peel Land and Property, its original developers announced they had re-acquired the centre for an undisclosed sum. [41] Peel subsequently re branded the centre to Trafford Palazzo in November 2021. [42] Trafford Palazzo now operates as a rival centre to the Trafford Centre.

A £75 million, 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m2) major redevelopment for the centre commenced in mid 2018, which included adding a first floor and a glazed roof to fully enclose the formerly open air centre. [82] [83] The redevelopment work was completed in March 2020.

Facilities

The centre has around 200 stores and services and is the third largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom by floor area. [11]

Anchor tenants

The following anchor retail tenants have operated at the centre. [2]

RetailerLocationOpenedClosedFloor space on openingNotes
Selfridges The Dome10 September 1998160,000 sq ft (15,000 m2) [27]
Debenhams Regent Crescent10 September 199815 May 2021 [84] 135,000 sq ft (12,500 m2)
BHS Regent Crescent10 September 1998January 2017 [85] 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m2) [86] Only one floor was occupied at the time of closure
Boots Peel Avenue10 September 199855,000 sq ft (5,100 m2) [86]
C&A Peel Avenue10 September 1998200146,000 sq ft (4,300 m2) [86]
Marks & Spencer Peel Avenue3 July 2001 [87] 29 November 2023 [88] 46,000 sq ft (4,300 m2)Former C&A unit, was expanded several times after opening
John Lewis Peel Avenue30 May 2005 [45] 205,000 sq ft (19,000 m2)Former Festival Village area
Marks & SpencerRegent Crescent30 November 2023 [88] 135,000 sq ft (12,500 m2)Former Debenhams unit

Leisure

Leisure facilities include a 20-screen Odeon cinema; [89] Laser Quest arena and an adventure golf course; all of which are located on the Second Floor around the central dome. A Namco amusement arcade with dodgems and bowling is located in The Orient. [90]

Between 2002 and 2004, the area occupied by Paradise Island Adventure Golf was originally home to an interactive children's ride called Dreamieland, dubbed "Britain's first shopping centre-based theme ride". [91] It closed after only two years due to poor attendance, before Paradise Island took its place in 2008.

Other facilities

The Orangery building in an abandoned state The Orangery.jpg
The Orangery building in an abandoned state

The centre opened with a 60-bedroom hotel on site known as The Coach House, which was operated by Premier Inn and contained a Brewers Fayre pub restaurant. [92] The restaurant was rebranded as Brewsters in 2000, bringing about more children's entertainment, before returning to the more successful Brewers Fayre brand around summer 2005.

Adjacent to The Coach House another freestanding building known as The Orangery is situated, this building housed a restaurant and is vacant as of 2025.

Both buildings are located in a wooded area known as Wilderspool Wood which is some distance from the main building and were designed to resemble the outbuildings of a stately home. [93]

In September 2024 a planning application was submitted to Trafford Council asking for permission to demolish the hotel building. The application stated that the hotel had been closed since June 2023, and that the vacant building was attracting antisocial behaviour. [92]

Premier Inn have two further hotels located within walking distance of the centre although not on site.

Transport

As of 2011, 10% of the UK population lived within a 45-minute drive of the Trafford Centre. [1]

Buses

Trafford Centre bus station Trafford Centre Bus Station - geograph.org.uk - 5578327.jpg
Trafford Centre bus station

The Trafford Centre bus station is situated at the far end of Regent Crescent. It is served by buses to all parts of Greater Manchester and beyond.

Roads

Trafford Centre vehicle entrance Trafford Welcome.jpg
Trafford Centre vehicle entrance

The Trafford Centre has 12,500 car spaces and 350 coach spaces; it is sited off the M60, between junctions 9 and 10. Its popularity has resulted in traffic congestion on the M60 Barton High-Level Bridge, requiring a link road adjacent to the M60 crossing the ship canal on a new lift bridge.[ citation needed ]

All vehicles entering the centre have number plate details recorded via automatic number plate recognition. Since its introduction in 2003 at a cost of £220,000, [2] the system has reduced the number of thefts of and from vehicles to a level described as "negligible". [94] The ANPR tracks cars which have been used for serious offences and details of any car with such a number plate can then be passed to Stretford Police station. [2]

In November 2024, premium car parking was introduced allowing customers access to larger parking spaces close to the entrance for an hourly fee. Valet services can be purchased on top of the standard ticket price. Premium parking is located on the upper level of the Peel Avenue car park. [95] [96]

The centre has facilities for electric vehicle charging within its car parks. [97]

Trams

Manchester Metrolink tram stops
02.06.21 The Trafford Centre 3046 (51231903250).jpg
The Trafford Centre tram stop
Barton Dock Road Tram Stop.jpg
Barton Dock Road tram stop

The centre is served by two stops on the Trafford Park Line of the Manchester Metrolink network: [98]

Plans for Metrolink to serve the Trafford Centre had been in place since before the centre had planning permission, with Peel Group originally promising to contribute £16 million in funding. [99]

Construction of the Trafford Park Line began in January 2017. Test trams began in November 2019 and the line opened from Pomona to the Trafford Centre on 22 March 2020.

From 1998 to 2020, a shuttle bus had connected Stretford tram stop and the Trafford Centre. [100]

See also

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Trafford Centre information pack" (PDF). Trafford Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
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  36. ↑ Packard, Simon (23 February 2012). "Capital Shopping Earnings Rise as Trafford Centre Purchase Lifts Revenue". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012. The company's 1.6 billion-pound purchase of the Trafford Centre in Manchester, England, in January 2011 was the biggest single property transaction in Europe last year, according to New York-based Real Capital Analytics Inc.
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  42. 1 2 Begum, Shelina (23 November 2021). "Peel L&P rebrands Barton Square following its acquisition earlier this year". The Business Desk. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
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  44. ↑ Bourne, Dianne (30 September 2023). "Trafford Centre 25th anniversary - original map and ALL the stores that originally opened at the mall". Manchester: Manchester Evening News . Retrieved 31 October 2023.
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