The Plunger-class submarines were enlarged and improved versions of the preceding Holland, the first submarine in the USN. They had a length of 63feet 10inches (19.5m)overall, a beam of 11feet 11inches (3.6m) and a mean draft of 10feet 7inches (3.2m). They displaced107 long tons (109t) on the surface and 123 long tons (125t) submerged. The Plunger-class boats had a crew of one officer and six enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 150 feet (45.7m).[1]
For surface running, they were powered by one 180-brake-horsepower (134kW)gasoline engine that drove the single propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 70-horsepower (52kW)electric motor.[1] The boats could reach 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph) on the surface and 7 knots (13km/h; 8.1mph) underwater.[2]
The Plunger-class boats were armed with one 18-inch (450 mm)torpedo tube in the bow. They carried two reloads, for a total of three torpedoes.[1]
Construction and career
Moccasin was laid down under the direction of Arthur Leopold Busch on 8 November 1900 in Elizabeth, New Jersey at the Crescent Shipyard, launched on 20 August 1901, and commissioned on 17 January 1903 at the Holland Torpedo Boat Station at New Suffolk, N.Y. Assigned to duty at the Naval Torpedo Station at Newport, Moccasin operated locally on principally training and experimental activities until assigned to the Reserve Torpedo Flotilla at Norfolk on 15 June 1904, in which unit she remained inactive for the next half decade. The submarine ran aground in North Carolina's outer banks in late 1903, and was several miles away from the Wright Brothers' inaugural flight on 17 December 1903.[3][4] 1904 On 20 July 1909, the submarine torpedo boat was loaded onto the collierCaesar, which sailed soon thereafter for the Philippines. Moccasin's sister-ship, Adder, was on board as deck cargo as well, lashed to the auxiliary's forward well deck. Arriving at Olongapo on 1 October, Moccasin was launched on 7 October. Recommissioned on 10 February 1910, she was assigned to the First Submarine Division, Asiatic Torpedo Fleet, based in the Manila area.
A 1912 view of the breech of the sole torpedo tube of USS A-4. Two torpedoes are on wooden skids in the foreground. The skids slid across the deck for loading.
A new name
Moccasin was renamed A-4 on 17 November 1911. During World War I, like her sister-ships, she patrolled the entrance to Manila Bay and convoyed ships moving out of local waters. Later placed in reserve, A-4 was decommissioned at Cavite on 12 December 1919. She was sunk as a target ship afterwards.
↑ Crouch, Tom (1989). The Bishop's Boys (1sted.). New York, NY: Norton. p.267. ISBN0-393-30695-X.
References
Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-263-3.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-85177-245-5.
Wright, C. C. (2003). "Question 40/02: Submarines Expended as Targets 1922". Warship International. XL (4): 286–298. ISSN0043-0374.
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