1031

This article is about the year 1031. For other uses, see 1031 (disambiguation).

1031 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1031 MXXXI
Ab urbe condita	1784
Armenian calendar	480 ԹՎ ՆՁ
Assyrian calendar	5781
Balinese saka calendar	952–953
Bengali calendar	437–438
Berber calendar	1981
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1575
Burmese calendar	393
Byzantine calendar	6539–6540
Chinese calendar	庚午年 (Metal  Horse) 3728 or 3521     — to — 辛未年 (Metal  Goat) 3729 or 3522
Coptic calendar	747–748
Discordian calendar	2197
Ethiopian calendar	1023–1024
Hebrew calendar	4791–4792
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1087–1088
- Shaka Samvat	952–953
- Kali Yuga	4131–4132
Holocene calendar	11031
Igbo calendar	31–32
Iranian calendar	409–410
Islamic calendar	421–423
Japanese calendar	Chōgen 4 (長元４年)
Javanese calendar	933–934
Julian calendar	1031 MXXXI
Korean calendar	3364
Minguo calendar	881 before ROC 民前881年
Nanakshahi calendar	−437
Seleucid era	1342/1343 AG
Thai solar calendar	1573–1574
Tibetan calendar	ལྕགས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Horse) 1157 or 776 or 4     — to — ལྕགས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Iron-Sheep) 1158 or 777 or 5

The Caliphate of Córdoba (green) ends.

Year 1031 ( MXXXI ) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• July 20 – King Robert II (the Pious) dies at Melun, after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, Henry I, who becomes the sole ruler of France. Henry's mother, Queen dowager Constance of Arles, prefers her third son, Robert, as heir to the throne and, with the help of Count Odo II, begins a war against Henry. ^[1]
• Summer – After a failed invasion in the previous year, the Holy Roman Empire concludes a peace with the Kingdom of Hungary; Emperor Conrad II is forced to cede the lands between Leitha and Fischa to King Stephen I. ^[2]
• The Caliphate of Córdoba collapses after years of infighting; the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim taifa (kingdoms). The last Umayyad ruler, Caliph Hisham III, tries to consolidate the caliphate, but his raising of taxes (to pay for mosques) leads to heavy opposition and he is imprisoned by his rivals. ^[3]
• King Mieszko II is forced to escape Poland after an attack of Grand Prince Yaroslav I ("the Wise") of Kiev, who installs Mieszko's half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne.
• France suffers from a famine (until 1033). ^[4]

Middle East

• The Byzantine general George Maniakes captures Edessa from the Arab Muslims and stabilizes the eastern frontier.

Births

• March 26 – Malcolm III (Canmore), king of Scotland (d. 1093)
• Hoël II (or Houel), duke of Brittany (approximate date)
• Matilda of Flanders, queen consort of England (d. 1083)
• Muhammad ibn Ammar, Moorish poet and writer (d. 1086)
• Robert, Norman nobleman and Earl of Cornwall (d. 1095)
• Roger I (the Great Count), Norman nobleman (d. 1101)
• Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and engineer (d. 1095)
• Spytihněv II, duke of Bohemia (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1061)

Deaths

• January 1 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (b. 962)
• January 5 – Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandy
• April 10 – Liudolf of Lotharingia, German nobleman
• June 17 – Hyeonjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 992)
• June 25 – Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 972)
• June 28 – Taira no Tadatsune, Japanese governor (b. 975)
• July 20 – Robert II (the Pious), king of France (b. 972)
• August 20 – Burchard, French archbishop and count
• September 2 – Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir
• September 9 – Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (b. 948)
• November 29 – Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 947)
• Aribo, German archbishop and primate ( Primas Germaniae )
• Fadl ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir of Ganja (Azerbaijan)
• Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab, Abbasid scholar and jurist (b. 973)
• Snorri Goði, Icelandic Viking warrior and chieftain (b. 963)

References

1. Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198, p. 124. ISBN   978-0-521-41411-1.
2. Wolfram, Herwig (2006). Conrad II, 990–1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms. Translated by Kaiser, Denise A. The Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 231–234. ISBN   027102738X.
3. Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture, pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN   0816606889.
4. Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans, Paris, Fayard.