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Henry VIII was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death. Henry is known for his six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage annulled. His disagreement with Pope Clement VII about such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was excommunicated by the pope.
Year 1536 (MDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Anne Boleyn was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536, as the second wife of King Henry VIII. The circumstances of her marriage and execution, by beheading for treason, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that marked the start of the English Reformation.
Thomas Cromwell, briefly Earl of Essex, was an English statesman and lawyer who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII from 1534 to 1540, when he was beheaded on orders of the king, who later blamed false charges for the execution.
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, KG was an English nobleman, politician and poet. He was one of the founders of English Renaissance poetry and was the last known person to have been executed at the insistence of King Henry VIII. His name is usually associated in literature with that of the poet Sir Thomas Wyatt. Owing largely to the powerful position of his father Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Henry took a prominent part in court life, and served as a soldier both in France and in Scotland. He was a man of reckless temper, which involved him in many quarrels, and finally brought upon him the wrath of the ageing Henry VIII. He was arrested, tried for treason and beheaded on Tower Hill.
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, was a prominent English politician and nobleman of the Tudor era. He was an uncle of two of the wives of King Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both of whom were beheaded, and played a major role in the machinations affecting these royal marriages. After falling from favour in 1546, he was stripped of his dukedom and imprisoned in the Tower of London, avoiding execution when Henry VIII died on 28 January 1547.
Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden KG, PC, KS, JP, was an English barrister and judge who served as Lord Chancellor of England from 1533 to 1544.
Elizabeth Seymour was a younger daughter of Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall, Wiltshire and Margery Wentworth. Elizabeth and her sister Jane served in the household of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. The Seymours rose to prominence after the king's attention turned to Jane. In May 1536, Anne Boleyn was accused of treason and adultery, and subsequently executed. On 30 May 1536, eleven days after Anne's execution, Henry VIII and Jane were married. Elizabeth was not included in her sister's household during her brief reign, although she would serve two of Henry VIII's later wives, Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard. Jane died 24 October 1537, twelve days after giving birth to a healthy son, Edward VI.
In common parlance, the wives of Henry VIII were the six Queens consort of King Henry VIII of England between 1509 and his death in 1547. In legal terms, Henry had only three wives, because three of his marriages were annulled by the Church of England. He was never granted an annulment by the Pope as he desired, for Catherine of Aragon, his first wife. Annulments declare that a true marriage never took place, unlike a divorce, in which a married couple end their union. Along with his six wives, Henry took several mistresses.
Beauvale Priory was a Carthusian monastery in Beauvale, Nottinghamshire. It is a scheduled ancient monument.
Agnes Howard was the second wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Two of King Henry VIII's queens were her step-granddaughters, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard. Catherine Howard was placed in the Dowager Duchess's care after her mother's death.
Henry VIII is a two-part British television serial produced principally by Granada Television for ITV from 12 to 19 October 2003. It chronicles the life of Henry VIII of England from the disintegration of his first marriage to an aging Spanish princess until his death following a stroke in 1547, by which time he had married for the sixth time. Additional production funding was provided by WGBH Boston, Powercorp and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
Events from the 1540s in England.
Sir Adrian Fortescue was a courtier at the court of King Henry VIII of England and member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic who was executed in 1539 and later beatified as a Roman Catholic martyr.
John Skypp was the Bishop of Hereford from 1539 until 1552, and the almoner of Queen Anne Boleyn.
William Barlow was an English Augustinian prior turned bishop of four dioceses, a complex figure of the Protestant Reformation. Aspects of his life await scholarly clarification. Labelled by some a "weathercock reformer", he was in fact a staunch evangelical, an anti-Catholic and collaborator in the Dissolution of the Monasteries and dismantling of church estates; and largely consistent in his approach, apart from an early anti-Lutheran tract and a supposed recantation under Mary I. He was one of the four consecrators and the principal consecrator of Matthew Parker, as archbishop of Canterbury in 1559.
Richard Layton or Leighton (1500?–1544) was an English churchman, jurist and diplomat, dean of York and a principal agent of Henry VIII and Thomas Cromwell in the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Sir Thomas Leigh or Legh was an English jurist and diplomat, who played a key role as agent of Henry VIII and Thomas Cromwell in the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Dr Richard Gwent was a senior ecclesiastical jurist, pluralist cleric and administrator through the period of the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII. Of south Welsh origins, as a Doctor of both laws in the University of Oxford he rose swiftly to become Dean of the Arches and Archdeacon of London and of Brecon, and later of Huntingdon. He became an important figure in the operations of Thomas Cromwell, was a witness to Thomas Cranmer's private protestation on becoming Archbishop of Canterbury, and was Cranmer's Commissary and legal draftsman. He was an advocate on behalf of Katherine of Aragon in the proceedings against her, and helped to deliver the decree of annulment against Anne of Cleves.
Sir William Courtenay"The Great", of Powderham in Devon, was a leading member of the Devon gentry and a courtier of King Henry VIII having been from September 1512 one of the king's Esquires of the Body. He served as Sheriff of Devon three times: from February to November 1522, 1525/26, and 1533/34. He was elected Knight of the Shire for Devon in 1529.
References
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- ↑ Friar, Stephen (2001). The Sutton Companion to Local History (rev. ed.). Stroud: Sutton Publishing. p. 195. ISBN 0-7509-2723-2.
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- ↑ "Katherine of Aragon". Historic Royal Palaces. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
- ↑ According to Edward Hall.
- 1 2 3 Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1533". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
- 1 2 Longueville, Olivia (2016-04-13). Anne Boleyn's first public appearance as Queen of England . Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- 1 2 3 Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ↑ Historians disagree on the exact date of the excommunication; according to Winston Churchill's A History of the English-Speaking Peoples , the bull of 1533 was a draft with penalties left blank and not made official until 1535. Others say Henry is not officially excommunicated until 1538 by Pope Paul III, brother of Cardinal Franklin de la Thomas.
- 1 2 "Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
- ↑ "The Law in England, 1290–1885". People with a History. 1997–1998. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- ↑ McKitterick, David (1992). A History of Cambridge University Press: Volume 1, Printing and the Book Trade in Cambridge, 1534-1698. Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-521-30801-4.
- 1 2 3 Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1535". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
- ↑ Bettey, J. H. (1989). The Suppression of the Monasteries in the West Country. Gloucester: Sutton. ISBN 0862995949.
- ↑ Hardy, William John (1910). Documents Illustrative of English Church History. London: Macmillan. p. 257.
- ↑ Slack, Paul (1995). The English Poor Law, 1531–1782. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55785-2.
- 1 2 Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1536". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
- ↑ "3 October – Jane Seymour's coronation is postponed". The Tudor Society. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ↑ Richeson, A. W. (May 1947). "The First Arithmetic Printed in English". Isis . 37 (1/2): 47–56. doi:10.1086/347968. JSTOR 226161.
- ↑ "Hailes Abbey". Sacred Destinations. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
- ↑ Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1539". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
- 1 2 Cross, Claire (2004). "Cook, Hugh (d. 1539)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9159 . Retrieved 2012-11-07.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ↑ "Medieval Sourcebook: The Suppression of Glastonbury Abbey 1539". New York: Fordham University. June 1997. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
- ↑ Robertson, Patrick (1974). The Shell Book of Firsts. London: Ebury Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-7181-1279-2.
- ↑ "Mary Tudor | English princess | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ↑ "Anne Boleyn". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 8 October 2022.