Related Research Articles
Augustine of Canterbury was a Christian monk who became the first archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597. He is considered the "Apostle to the English”.
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers approximately 62%, and over 100 smaller adjacent islands. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, the Celtic Sea to the south-west, and the Irish Sea to the west. Continental Europe lies to the south-east, and Ireland to the west. At the 2021 census, the population was 56,490,048. London is both the largest city and the capital.
Mellitus was the first bishop of London in the Saxon period, the third Archbishop of Canterbury, and a member of the Gregorian mission sent to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism to Christianity. He arrived in 601 AD with a group of clergy sent to augment the mission, and was consecrated as Bishop of London in 604. Mellitus was the recipient of a famous letter from Pope Gregory I known as the Epistola ad Mellitum, preserved in a later work by the medieval chronicler Bede, which suggested the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons be undertaken gradually, integrating pagan rituals and customs. In 610, Mellitus returned to Italy to attend a council of bishops, and returned to England bearing papal letters to some of the missionaries.
Mercia was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy. It was centred on the River Trent and its tributaries, in a region now known as the Midlands of England.
Guthrum was King of East Anglia in the late 9th century. Originally a native of Denmark, he was one of the leaders of the "Great Summer Army" that arrived in Reading during April 871 to join forces with the Great Heathen Army, whose intentions were to conquer the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England. The combined armies were successful in conquering the kingdoms of East Anglia, Northumbria, and parts of Mercia, and overran Alfred the Great's Wessex, but were ultimately defeated by Alfred at the Battle of Edington in 878. The Danes retreated to their stronghold, where Alfred laid siege and eventually Guthrum surrendered.
Edge Hill railway station is a railway station that serves the district of Edge Hill, Liverpool, England and is one of the oldest railway stations in the world.
The history of Cheshire can be traced back to the Hoxnian Interglacial, between 400,000 and 380,000 years BP. Primitive tools that date to that period have been found. Stone Age remains have been found showing more permanent habitation during the Neolithic period, and by the Iron Age the area is known to have been occupied by the Celtic Cornovii tribe and possibly the Deceangli.
Sussex, from the Old English 'Sūþsēaxe', is a historic county in South East England.
Sub-Roman Britain is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the Anglo-Saxon settlement. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that commenced with the recall of Roman troops to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and to have concluded with the Battle of Deorham in 577.
Anglo-Saxon England or Early Medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from soon after the end of Roman Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066, consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan. It became part of the short-lived North Sea Empire of Cnut, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway in the 11th century.
In the seventh century the pagan Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity mainly by missionaries sent from Rome. Irish missionaries from Iona, who were proponents of Celtic Christianity, were influential in the conversion of Northumbria, but after the Synod of Whitby in 664, the Anglo-Saxon church gave its allegiance to the Pope.
Italians in the United Kingdom, also known as Italian Brits are citizens and/or residents of the United Kingdom who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to the United Kingdom during the Italian diaspora. The phrase may refer to someone born in the United Kingdom of Italian descent, someone who has emigrated from Italy to the United Kingdom, or someone born elsewhere, who is of Italian descent and has migrated to the UK. More specific terms used to describe Italians in the United Kingdom include: Italian English, Italian Scots, and Italian Welsh.
Events from the year 1846 in the United Kingdom. This year is noted for the repeal of the Corn Laws.
Dame Janet Laughland Nelson, also known as Jinty Nelson, is a British historian. She is Emerita Professor of Medieval History at King's College London.
Sarah Rosamund Irvine Foot, is an English Anglican priest and early medieval historian. She has been Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Oxford since 2007, and Dean of Christ Church, Oxford since 2023.
The national symbols of England are things which are emblematic, representative, or otherwise characteristic of England or English culture. Some are established, official symbols; for example, the Royal Arms of England, which has been codified in heraldry. Other symbols may not have official status, for one reason or another, but are likewise recognised at a national or international level.
The settlement of Great Britain by diverse Germanic peoples led to the development of a new Anglo-Saxon cultural identity and shared Germanic language, Old English, which was most closely related to Old Frisian on the other side of the North Sea. The first Germanic speakers to settle permanently are likely to have been soldiers recruited by the Roman administration, possibly already in the fourth century or earlier. In the early fifth century, after the end of Roman rule in Britain and the breakdown of the Roman economy, larger numbers arrived and their impact upon local culture and politics increased.
Janina Sara Maria Ramirez, sometimes credited as Nina Ramirez, is a British art historian, cultural historian, and TV presenter. She specialises in interpreting symbols and examining works of art within their historical context.
Edge Hill railway station was a railway station that served the district of Edge Hill, Liverpool, England and is one of the oldest railway stations in the world.
References
- 1 2 Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.20–35, 5.1, 8–23; Dio Cassius, Roman History 39.50–53, 40.1–3; Florus, Epitome of Roman History 1.45
- ↑ Todd, Malcolm (2004). "Cunobelinus [Cymbeline] (D. C. Ad 40), king in southern Britain" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6939. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Birley, Anthony R. (1981). The Fasti of Roman Britain. p. 39.
- ↑ Sheppard Frere, Britannia: A history of Roman Britain, revised edition (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978), p. 82
- ↑ Hingley, Richard (9 August 2018). Londinium : a biography : Roman London from its origins to the fifth century. London. pp. 27–32. ISBN 978-1-350-04730-3. OCLC 1042078915.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Hadrian's Wall: The Facts". Visit Hadrian's Wall. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ↑ Birley, Anthony R. (1 January 2007), "Britain during the third century crisis", Crises and the Roman Empire, Brill, p. 46, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004160507.i-448.13, ISBN 978-90-474-2090-3 , retrieved 2 March 2024
- ↑ Birley, Anthony R. (22 December 2015), "Carausius, Marcus Aurelius Maus(aeus?)", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1362, ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5 , retrieved 28 February 2024
- ↑ Frend, W. H. C. (1992). "Pagans, Christians, and 'the Barbarian Conspiracy' of A. D. 367 in Roman Britain". Britannia. 23: 121–131. doi:10.2307/526106. ISSN 0068-113X. JSTOR 526106. S2CID 162189776.
- ↑ Simon Hornblower; Antony Spawforth, eds. (1998). The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860165-4.
- ↑ "Angle | Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, Migration | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ↑ Bede, Ecclesiastical History, Book I, Ch. 25 & 26
- ↑ "Aethelberht I | Anglo-Saxon, Kentish, Ruler | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 7 February 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 204
- ↑ Kirby, D.P. (1992). The Earliest English Kings. London: Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 0-415-09086-5.
- ↑ Swanton, Michael (6 April 2000). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (New ed.). Phoenix Press. p. 57. ISBN 1-84212-003-4.
- ↑ Miller, Sean. "July 29, 796: Death of King Offa of Mercia". Anglo-Saxons. anglo-saxons.net. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
- ↑ Stenton, Frank (1971). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-0-19-821716-9.
- ↑ Barlow, Frank (25 May 2006). "Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8516.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). "Great Schism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford: University Press. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
- ↑ "The Anarchy: Battle of the Standard". About.
- ↑ Fergusson, George; Trowbridge, Benjamin (9 May 2016). "History's Unparalleled Alliance: the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Windsor, 9th May 1386". History of Britiah Government.
- ↑ English Heritage (1995). "English Heritage Battlefield Report: Shrewsbury 1403" (PDF). Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ↑ Name of the Glorious Revolution in the languages of Britain and Ireland:
- Irish : An Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar
- Scots : Gloryws Revolution
- Scottish Gaelic : Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor
- Welsh : Chwyldro Gogoneddus
- ↑ "Trading Places: Old Dock History". Liverpool Museums. Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
- ↑ "Seven Years' War | Key Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ↑ "Treaty of Paris | End of French & Indian War, Peace, Colonies | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 15 February 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ↑ "Nelson's Health | Admiral Nelson Guide 2024". www.aboutnelson.co.uk. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ↑ Bush, M. L. (2005). The casualties of Peterloo. Lancaster: Carnegie Pub. ISBN 1-85936-125-0. OCLC 71224394.
- ↑ A History and Description of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. T. Taylor, 1832.
- ↑ Arthur Freeling. Freeling's Grand Junction Railway Companion. Whittaker, 1838
- ↑ James Cornish. The Grand Junction, and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Companion: Containing an Account of Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester. 1837.
- ↑ BBC (23 July 2009). "Manchester to Liverpool: the first inter-city railway". Archived from the original on 20 November 2019.
- ↑ Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (1991), Darwin, London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group, p. 477, ISBN 0-7181-3430-3
- ↑ Wolmar, Christian (2004). The Subterranean Railway: how the London Underground was built and how it changed the city forever. Atlantic. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-84354-023-6.
- ↑ Frances Lannon (30 October 2008). "Her Oxford". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ↑ "A non-rusting steel". The New York Times. 31 January 1915.
- ↑ Wendell Lewis, "Raising the Mary Rose" in Marsden (2003), pp. 53–59; Rule (1983), pp. 206–27.
- ↑ "Population of England passes 50 million and UK approaches 60 million" (PDF). www.statistics.gov.uk. 23 December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ↑ Fordyce, Tom (14 July 2019). "England win Cricket World Cup: A golden hour ends in a champagne super over". BBC Sport . Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ↑ "Brexit: UK leaves the European Union". BBC News . 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ↑ Ball, David; Wace, Charlotte; Smyth, Chris; Brown (31 January 2020). "Hunt for contacts of coronavirus-stricken pair in York". The Times . ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ↑ Bowden, George; Jackson, Marie; Coughlan, Sean (8 September 2022). "Queen Elizabeth II has died". BBC News . Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ↑ Coughlan, Sean (29 September 2022). "Queen's cause of death given as 'old age' on death certificate". BBC News . Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
Bibliography
- Marsden, Peter, Sealed by Time: The Loss and Recovery of the Mary Rose. The Archaeology of the Mary Rose, Volume 1. The Mary Rose Trust, Portsmouth. 2003. ISBN 0-9544029-0-1