Timeline of Liverpool

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Liverpool, England.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 18th century

Year	Date	Event
4000 BCE		The Calderstones are erected.
902		Vikings and Irish people who left Ireland and were permitted by Anglo-Saxon rulers to settle in Wirral and would make the first known settlement near what would later become Liverpool.
1089		The West Derby Hundred is recorded in the Domesday Book. [1]
1150		Birkenhead Priory, the oldest surviving building on Merseyside and credited with establishing the Mersey Ferry.
1207	28 August	Liverpool and its market is chartered by King John. [2] [3] [4]
1229		Charter granted by Henry III authorizing a merchants' guild. [4]
1237		Liverpool Castle was built. [4]
1266		Liverpool passed into the hands of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster. [4]
1292		John De More becomes Lord Mayor of Liverpool.
1295		Borough sends two members to the first royal parliament. [4]
1349		The Black Death plague hits Liverpool, killing 240 of its population of 1,000 people. [5]
1385		The Stanley family acquired the Knowsley estate.
1495		Knowsley Hall built as a residence by Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby
1565		The first official list of Liverpool ships recorded 12 vessels, the largest being the 40-ton barque Eagle.
1588		Borough represented in Parliament by Francis Bacon. [4]
1598		Speke Hall (house) built.
1615		Tue Brook House built.
1639		Astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks is one of the first to observe a Transit of Venus.
1640		Population is 1000. [6]
1644		Town besieged by forces of Prince Rupert of the Rhine. [7]
1647		Liverpool was officially declared a free and independent port, free from the restrictions imposed by Chester, as the river Dee began to silt up, Chester’s fortunes declined as Liverpool began to prosper, Liverpool had taken over Chester as the main port of Ireland, this was short-lived after the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
1648		The first cargo from America to Liverpool arrives aboard the Friendship, a vessel of 30 tons under the command of Captain James Jenkinson. The trade focused on exchanging goods like cloth, coal and salt from Lancashire and Cheshire regions for American products such as sugar and tobacco.
1674		Town Hall rebuilt. [6]
1684		Richard Atherton becomes Lord Mayor of Liverpool and secures the surrender of the Liverpool Charter, which was delivered to George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, known as Judge Jeffreys, at Bewsey Old Hall in 1684. The notes on the Liverpool Charters refer to Atherton as the first modern Mayor of Liverpool.
1699	1 December	The Liverpool Merchant sails from Liverpool, marking the beginning of the Liverpool slave trade.

18th century

Year	Date	Event
1700		The slave ship Blessing begins operating. [8]
		Population is 5,714. [6]
1702		Croxteth Hall (house) built.
1704		Woolton Hall (house) built.
1708		Blue Coat School founded. [6]
1715		Opening of the world's first enclosed commercial wet dock; the Old Dock. [9]
1717		Bluecoat Chambers built.
1718		Blue Coat hospital opens. [4]
1720		Population is 10,446. [10]
1722		Ranelagh Gardens opens.
1724	25 August	Animal painter George Stubbs is born.
1726		Liverpool Castle demolished.
		"Ye Hole in Ye Wall" pub on Hackins Hey opens. [11]
		John Okill shipbuilder, on Nova Scotia Docks.
1730		Black people in Liverpool is the oldest and longest established black community in UK and Europe.
1734		Financier Robert Morris is born on Dale Street.
1736		Allerton Hall built.
1737		Canning Dock built.
1740		Jewish community established, being the first in Northern England. Stanley Street becomes the location for Liverpool's first Synagogue in 1751.
1741		HMS Liverpool, a 681 ton, 44-gun, fifth-rate frigate, is launched by shipbuilder John Okill, the first Royal Navy ship named after the city.
1742		Rathbones in business.
1748		John Newton's workplace and later home for sixteen years from 1748 to 1764. He later wrote "Amazing Grace".
1749		Royal Infirmary opens. [4]
1752		Richard Chaffers starts a Liverpool porcelain business.
1753		Salthouse Dock built. [7]
1754		Liverpool Town Hall built. [4]
1756		Liverpool Advertiser newspaper begins publication. [12]
1757		Sankey Canal opens and Henry Berry is appointed engineer.
	10 June	The privateer Liverpool is launched.
1758		Fawcett, Preston and company, the engineering company established by George Perry with William Fawcett joining the company in 1784.
		Circulating library established. [13]
	10 February	HMS Liverpool, 28-gun Coventry-class frigate built by Liverpool shipbuilders John Gorill and William Pownall.
	11 March	HMS Venus, 32-gun Venus-class frigate built by Liverpool shipbuilders John Okill
1759		First recorded cotton dealing in Liverpool, 28 bags of Jamaican cotton.
1760		Casartelli Building built.
1761		H & C Grayson Ltd shipbuilding established in 1760, Peter Baker established shipbuilding company Baker & Co. near Salthouse Dock.
1763		Octagon Chapel, Liverpool built.
		Leasowe Lighthouse built, located on the Wirral Peninsula in Merseyside, is widely recognised as the world's oldest brick-built lighthouse, it was commissioned by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company to guide ships safely into the Port of Liverpool, William Hutchinson installed what may have been the first Parabolic reflector in a Lighthouse.
1766		City directory published. [14]
1768		Politician and writer Thomas Creevey is born.
1770s		Scotland Road laid out.
1771		Bidston lighthouse built. [7]
		George's Dock opens.
1773		Shipowner merchant brought commercialisation and mass production of Marsala wine to the British Empire.
		Duke's Dock built.
		Peter Baker & Co. Shipbuilding Company built the Kent, a 1,100-ton ship, which was the largest ever constructed in Liverpool at that time.
1775		Banastre Tarleton leads the British Legion in the American War of Independence.
1776		Robert Morris, a Liverpool native, becomes one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
1776–1777		William Hutchinson established the world's first recorded lifeboat station on Formby beach.
1777	8 May	HMS Harpy launched by John Fisher shipyards.
1778		120 privateers were fitted out in Liverpool, carrying 1,986 guns and 8,745 men. [4]
		Joseph Heap & Sons established, operating the Diamond H Shipping Line. The firm used its own fleet to import rice from India and Burma.
	22 March	HMS Hyaena 24-Gun Porcupine-class post ship built by Liverpool John Fisher shipyards
	25 June	HMS Penelope 24-Gun Sixth-rate Sloop Porcupine-class post ship built by Peter Baker, She was captured by her Spanish prisoners in 1780 during the Anglo-Spanish War.
	28 October	During the Anglo-French War the privateer Mentor, owned by Peter Baker, captured the French East Indiaman Carnatic.
1779		Carnatic Hall built.
		The Liverpool Medical Library founded, one of the oldest in the world and served as the foundation for what is now the Liverpool Medical Institution.
1780	23 January	HMS Nemesis, 28-gun Enterprise-class frigate of the Royal Navy built and launched by Liverpool shipyards John Smallshaw & Co after Jolly, Leathers and Barton.
1780	24 January	HMS Adamant launched by Peter Baker shipbuilding, she served during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars in a career that spanned thirty years.
	20 May	HMS Daedalus 32-gun Fifth-rate Frigate built by John Fisher shipbuilding of Liverpool.
1781	12 March	HMS Assistance 50-gun Portland-class Fourth-rate Frigate built by Peter Baker shipbuilding.
1782		HMS Grampus launched by John Fisher shipyards for the Royal Navy was the first in class of two 50-gun Fourth-rate was one the first to be launched with a Copper sheathing to improve speed and protect against marine growth, John Fisher built 7 ships for the Royal Navy
	June 12	HMS Phaeton, 38-gun Minerva-class frigate launched by Liverpool shipbuilders John Smallshaw.
1784		Liverpool Musical Festival begins. [15]
		The first cargo of American cotton was unloaded in Liverpool, this initial shipment consisted of only eight bags of cotton.
1785		Liverpool Georgian Quarter constructed.
		King's Dock and Queen's Dock built.
1886		Earl of Wycombe (1786 EIC ship) built by Liverpool shipyards Smallshaw & Rodgers
1787		Greenbank House built. Shipowners Rathbone family lived here.
		Everton Lock-Up built.
1788		St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church built.
1790		James Maury, appointed the U.S. Consul serving the role for 40 years, in the first consulate established by the United States.
		Lime Street laid out.
1791		School for the Blind founded. [6]
1792		Holy Trinity Church, Wavertree, consecrated.
1793		The privateer Pelican sinks with 102 lives lost at sea.
1795		William Bullock founds the Bullocks Museum of Natural Curiosities.
1796		Wavertree Lock-up built.
1797		Liverpool Athenaeum founded.
1799	29 March	Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby was born, three-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the longest serving party leader.

19th century

1800s–1840s

Year	Date	Event
1801		Population is 77,653. [10]
1802		The Lyceum is built, housing England's first subscription library. [16]
1803		Botanical Gardens open. [17]
1805		Extension to Liverpool Town Hall completed providing the main ballroom and council chamber.
1807		185 Liverpool ships were engaged in the slave trade, carrying 49,213 slaves in 1807. [4]
		Liverpool Cricket Club formed.
		Bibby Line shipping company in business.
	March	Slave Trade Act in the United Kingdom and Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves in the United States outlaw the Atlantic slave trade.
	27 July	Kitty's Amelia sails on the last legal British slaving voyage.
1808		Exchange Building completed.
	August	Corn Exchange built. [6]
1809	25 October	The world's oldest animal charity branch was established at a meeting held in Bold Street, Liverpool in a coffee house, originally named the Society for the Suppression of Wanton Cruelty of Brute Animals, it was founded 15 years before the national RSPCA (originally SPCA) was established in 1824.
	29 December	William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was born.
1810		Sir William Brown established Brown Shipley, as the eldest son of Alexander Brown who founded Alex. Brown & Sons the oldest investment banking firm in the US.
		The spire of Church of Our Lady and St Nicholas, Liverpool collapsed during morning service killing 21 children from a local orphanage.
		Williamson Tunnels started.
		Prince's Half-Tide Dock built.
1813		Nelson Monument, Liverpool unveiled.
1814	March	John Gladstone sent out to Calcutta the 512-ton ship Kingsmill, under the command of captain Cassell, the first Liverpool vessel to trade direct with India, thus pioneering the port's subsequent great commerce with the east. There is no doubt that pressure from Liverpool and the ports contributed to the eventual end of the monopoly of the East India Company.
1815		The ship Liverpool trades with India after the East India Company monopoly was lost.
		Manchester Dock built.
		Paddle steamer Elizabeth becomes the first steamship to operate as the Mersey Ferry.
1816		Leeds and Liverpool Canal constructed. [6]
		Swire is founded with John Samuel Swire taking the reins in 1847.
1817		Liverpool Royal Institution established. [4] [18]
1818		Black Ball Line in business, becoming the first scheduled trans-Atlantic crossing and the first to sail between America and European ports on regular schedules, with packet ships running between Liverpool and New York City.
		Thomas Royden & Sons shipbuilding in business.
1819	20 June	SS Savannah arrived in Liverpool completing the first-ever transatlantic voyage partially powered by steam power, the vessel stayed in Liverpool for 25 days, the ships arrival is widely recognised as a major milestone in maritime history and marked the beginning of the steamship era.
1820		The sealing vessel Hannah is wrecked at Hannah Point, Liverpool Beach in Antarctica.
1821		Prince's Dock built.
1822		City of Dublin Steam Packet Company operates Steamships between Liverpool and Dublin.
		The old St John's Market was designed by John Foster Junior and built.
1823		Marine Humane Society founded. [17]
1824–1828		John Laird pioneer shipbuilder goes into business with his father William Laird establishing William Laird & Son.
1825		Liverpool Mechanics' School of Arts [6] and Philomathic Society [12] established, Liverpool College of Art oldest outside London.
1826		St James Cemetery laid out.[ citation needed ]
		Old Dock closed.
1827		Law Society established. [12]
1828		Baths and wash houses in Britain first established in Liverpool.
		Engineer William Fawcett pioneered the paddle steamer William Fawcett on its maiden voyage, the earliest first P&O ship.
1829		Canning Dock opens. [19]
		Stephenson's Rocket wins Rainhill trials.
1830		The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the world's first inter-city railway. [6] [20] [4]
		The Crown Street railway station, the first ever train shed, opened.
		The Broad Green railway station is the world's oldest railway station in continuous use.
		The Wapping Tunnel opened.
		The Liverpool Rubber Company was founded, credited with designing the first rubber-soled sports shoes, attaching canvas as uppers to rubber soles. These early shoes, sometimes called "sand shoes", are considered by many to be the first sneakers or British trainers.
		Isle of Man Steam Packet Company is the world's oldest continuously operating passenger shipping company.
		Liverpool merchant James Atherton, founded the seaside resort New Brighton, Merseyside, with the UK's longest promenade.
1831		Population is 165,175. [6]
		Engineer William Fawcett, pioneer of the SS Royal William, is credited with being the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean almost entirely under steam power, and was the largest passenger ship on the world.
		Bank of Liverpool in business.
	August 17	Sinking of the PS Rothsay Castle 130 lives lost at sea
1832		Kitty Wilkinson opened a public wash house during the 1826-1837 cholera pandemic that killed 1,523 people. The epidemic caused widespread fear and led to riots in the city.
		Church of St Luke built.
		Brunswick Dock opened.
		Allan Line establish office in Liverpool.
1833		The Liverpool East India Association group efforts contributed to the East India Company monopoly being broken with China the Port of Liverpool direct trade with the east expanding rapidly after the East India Company Act 1833.
1834		Waterloo Dock built.
1835		City boundaries expand. [4]
		The oldest Chinese community in Europe dates back to the arrival of the first direct vessels from China to Liverpool to trade in silk, cotton and tea.
		First elected Town Council replaces Common Council.
1836		Literary, Scientific and Commercial Institution [6] and Liverpool Town Borough Police established.
		Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance established.
		The world's oldest main line terminus Liverpool Lime Street railway station opens.
1837		Liverpool Chess Club formed. [21]
1838		Isambard Kingdom Brunel designed the SS Great Western, the largest passenger ship in the world. It sailed from Liverpool between 1838–1845.
		Gustav Christian Schwabe, financier of Bibby Line, Harland & Wolff and the White Star Line shipping line, moves to Liverpool.
1839		The first British ocean-going iron warship the Nemesis, built by John Laird Sons & Company and George Forrester and Company.
		Customs House Built. [6]
		Royal Insurance Building, for Royal Insurance, is completed.
	26 February	The Grand National was inaugurated at Aintree Racecourse, where Lottery won the 1839 Grand National.
1840		Liverpool College [22]
		Liverpool Philharmonic Society founded. [15]
		Liverpool Hebrew Education institution formed, the first Jewish day school in Liverpool and the first in England outside London.
		Coburg Dock opened.
	July	Liverpool was the birthplace of Cunard with the first transatlantic crossing of RMS Britannia departing from Liverpool to Boston. [23]
1841		International Cotton Association formed, the first president George Holt (elected 1842)
1842		St. Francis Xavier's College established. [22]
		Robertson Gladstone becomes mayor.
1843		Princes Park laid out. [4]
1844		Canning Half Tide Dock opens. [19]
		Royal Mersey Yacht Club established.
1845		White Star Line was founded by John Pilkington and Henry Wilson. It focused on the UK-Australia trade, which increased following the Victorian gold rush in 1951.
		Lamport and Holt merchant shipping company business.
	26 July	Isambard Kingdom Brunel's pioneering SS Great Britain makes her maiden voyage, as the largest ship in the world and the first iron steamer to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
1846		Royal Albert Dock opens. [24] [4]
1847	1 January	William Henry Duncan is appointed as the Liverpool Medical Officer of Health. His appointment made Liverpool the first city in the world to establish such a position.
1848		The first integrated sewerage system in the world was made, preventing raw sewage from contaminating drinking water. Life expectancy in Liverpool was 19 years old and doubled after appointed engineer James Newlands retired.
		Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway opened.
		Bramley-Moore Dock, Victoria Tower, Stanley Dock, and the Bank of England Building were all built.
		Cope Bros & Co in business.
		Church of Saint Francis Xavier consecrated.
	24 August	The barque Ocean Monarch and frigate Dom Afonso sail from Liverpool. Ocean Monarch caught fire with Dom Afonso involved in the rescue, with the loss of 178 lives near Liverpool.
1849		Cholera claims 5,308 lives in Liverpool, the highest number outside of London.
		Philharmonic Hall opens.
		Victoria Tunnel, home to the largest iron wire rope ever manufactured, and Waterloo Tunnel opened, connecting the Edge Hill railway station to Liverpool Riverside railway station.
		Gustav Wilhelm Wolff settles in Liverpool from the age of fifteen spending most of his working life co-founding the Harland & Wolff shipyard in 1861.
		Edwin Waterhouse co-founded account practice of Price Waterhouse, that now forms part of PwC opening its first office outside of London in Liverpool in 1904.

Maps of Liverpool

• 
  Expansions of Liverpool boundaries in 1835, 1895, 1902, 1905 and 1913.
• 
  Map of Liverpool, 1836.

1850s–1890s

Year	Date	Event
1850		Catholic Institute established. [22]
		The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Steamship and Company in business.
1851		Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited Liverpool and St George's Hall.
		The Derby Museum opens.
		Balfour Williamson in business.
		James Baines & Co. in business. James Baines Black Ball Line has a fleet of 86 ships. The Australian Packets include the Champion of the Seas , Flying Cloud, James Baines, Marco Polo, Sovereign of the Seas and Lightning.
1852		African Steamship Company in business.
		Wapping Dock built.
		Huskisson Dock built.
		Liverpool Free Public Library [25] and Liverpool Sailors' Home opens. [4]
		A quarter of the city's population is Irish, a legacy of the Great Irish Famine.
1853		Population of Liverpool is 384,263, becoming the second largest in the British Empire after London and the 8th largest in Europe, contributed from the migration due to the Great Irish Famine.
		Port of Garston built.
		Harrison Line in business.
1854	21 January	RMS Tayleur a full-rigged ship sank on its maiden voyage from Liverpool, 370 lives were lost.
	1 March	SS City of Glasgow set out from Liverpool on passage to United States with 480 on board. She is lost without a trace.
	18 September	St George's Hall officially opened to the public.
	20 September	SS Arctic last voyage from Liverpool of the SS Arctic disaster sinking with the loss of 322 lives, The fate of the Arctic let to the much needed reforms in maritime safety arrangements, including lifeboat provision and the establishment of Atlantic Sea lanes.
1855		Liverpool Daily Post begins publication.
	February	Economic unrest. [17]
	23 January	186 to 200 people are believed to have lost their lives when the SS Pacific disappeared after departing from Liverpool.
1856		Lewis's shop in business.
		The Albany is built.
	26 January	RMS Persia maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner, the first Atlantic record breaker constructed of iron, and was the largest ship in the world at time of launch.
1857		Mersey Docks & Harbour Board established. [26]
		Liverpool St Helens F.C. formed the world's oldest open rugby club.
		John West Foods in business.
1858		Liverpool, London and Globe Building built. The Ma Roberts built, by John Laird shipyards is widely considered as the world’s first steel ship, it was commissioned for David Livingstone Second Zambezi expedition to explore the Zembezi River in East Africa
1860		The William Brown Library and Museum building opens. [25]
		Isambard Kingdom Brunel's ship SS Great Eastern made its maiden voyage from Liverpool and held the title of being the world's largest ship for forty years, she was nearly six times larger than any vessel yet built.
		The Fiery Cross was built at the Chaloners shipyard in Liverpool and was one of the most successful tea chippers in history, winning four times before competing in the Great Tea Race of 1866.
1861		Old Swan Tramway opened.
1862		William Rathbone VI founded the world's first District nursing and established the Queen's Nursing Institute.
	10 May	RMS Scotia maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner, the last ocean-going paddle steamer.
1863		British & Foreign Marine established.
		Alfred Booth and Company shipping line established.
1864		Garston and Liverpool Railway opened.
		Oriel Chambers is built and becomes the world's first metal-framed curtained wall building, designed by Peter Ellis.
1865		James Iredell Waddell commanded the Liverpool ship CSS Shenandoah, which was surrendered in Liverpool, marking the last official surrender of the American Civil War.
		Compton House department store destroyed by fire.
1866		Blue Funnel Shipping Line established.
	1 August	The National Olympian Association (promoted by John Hulley of Liverpool)
1867		The Welsh Presbyterian Church is built, making it Liverpool's tallest building at that time.
		The Exchange Buildings is completed.
		The Compton Hotel is rebuilt.
1868		Elder Dempster and Company is in business.
		Newsham Park opens.
		Owen Owen opens his drapery business.
1869		The first paternoster lift is built in Liverpool. [27]
		The West Coast Main Line, connecting Liverpool to London bypassing Manchester, is completed.
		The Conservative local authority builds the first council housing in Europe, St Martin's Cottages (tenement flats) in Ashfield Street, Vauxhall. [28]
		Fowler's Buildings is constructed.
		Municipal Buildings is built.
		Liverpool Tramways Company opened. [4]
		Royal Liverpool Golf Club was established.
	6 September	Ocean Steam Navigation Company is founded by Thomas Henry Ismay after the purchase of the bankrupt White Star Line.
	14 October	SS City of Brussels maiden voyage. She sinks in the River Mersey, with the loss of 10 lives in January 1883.
1870		Stanley Park opens. [29]
		Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas built.
		Allerton Priory built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse.
		Incorporated Society of Liverpool Accountants formed.
		William Imrie joined White Star Line at Broughton Hall West Derby.
		Dominion Line in business.
		Inman Line's SS City of Boston departs from Halifax, Nova Scotia. On its passage to Liverpool, it and all 191 people onboard are lost.
1871		North Western Hotel built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse.
1872		Sefton Park opens. [4]
		Midland Railway Goods Warehouse built.
1873		Liverpool–Manchester lines opened by Cheshire Lines Committee.
		Leyland Line in business.
		SS Atlantic, sailing from Liverpool to New York, struck rocks and sank off Nova Scotia. Around 535 lives were lost.
1874		Liverpool Central railway station opens.
		Liverpool Institute High School for Girls established.
		Princes Road Synagogue consecrated.
		ARA Uruguay launched by the Laird Brothers.
		Newsham Park Hospital built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse.
1875	29 April	SS City of Berlin maiden voyage.
	27 September	Full-rigged ship Ellen Southard is wrecked off of Liverpool. 12 crew and life boat men are lost.
1877		Walker Art Gallery opens.
1878		Everton football club founded.
1879		Picton Reading Room built. [25]
		Liverpool Echo newspaper begins publication. [30]
		The world's first Christmas grotto opened in David Lewis's Liverpool department store.
		North Liverpool Extension Line outer rail loop opens.
1880		Liverpool attains city status.
		Aigburth Cricket Ground built.
		Prince foods in business.
1881		University College Liverpool chartered. [4]
		Liverpool Central High Level railway station introduced 40 minute journey services to Manchester Central.
		SS Servia made its maiden voyage from Liverpool. It was the first large ocean liner to be built of steel instead of iron, and the first Cunard Line ship to have electric lighting installed.
		Langton Dock built.
1883	19 April	The Liverpool National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (LSPCC) opened, becoming the world's first specialised child cruelty protection society. LSPCC was founded by Thomas Agnew in Liverpool, 6 years before the NSPCC.
1884		The Anfield athletic space opens. [31]
		Turner home built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse.
		County Sessions House, Gustav Adolf Church, and Picton Clock Tower built.
		Everton Road drill hall completed. [32]
	1 November	RMS Umbria maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner.
1885	25 April	RMS Etruria maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner.
1886		International Exhibition of Navigation, Commerce and Industry.
		The Mersey Railway Tunnel, [4] James Street, and Hamilton Square railway station all open at the same time, becoming the first and oldest deep-level underground stations in the world.
		Liverpool and Birkenhead Women's Peace and Arbitration Association organized. [33]
1887		Liverpool Muslim Institute founded.
		Royal Jubilee Exhibition, Liverpool.
		Vestey Brothers meat retail company in business.
1888		Shakespeare Theatre opens. [34]
	1 August	SS City of New York maiden voyage, largest ship in commission, the first twin-screw liner, most famous for a near-disaster with the RMS Titanic 24 years later.
1889		Florence Institute for Boys is established in Dingle.
		Liverpool Royal Infirmary built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse.
	3 April	City of Paris maiden voyage.
	7 August	RMS Teutonic maiden voyage.
1890		Liverpool and North Wales Steamship Company began operating.
		John Ball wins The Open Championship at Royal Liverpool Golf Club.
		Bowes Museum of Japanese Art Work opens. [35]
	2 April	RMS Majestic maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner.
1891		Everton F.C. wins the Football League First Division for the first time when Anfield was the home ground for the club.
	8 February	Empress of India maiden voyage.
	11 April	Empress of Japan maiden voyage.
	15 July	Empress of China maiden voyage.
1892		The Goodison Park athletic field is inaugurated.
		Victoria Building of the University of Liverpool is constructed, designed by Alfred Waterhouse.
		Robert Durning Holt becomes mayor.
		Liverpool Football Club founded.
		Harold Hilton wins the The Open Championship at the Royal Liverpool Golf Club.
1893		The Liverpool Overhead Railway begins operating.
	19 February	White Star Line SS Naronic, the largest cargo ship in operation, sinks with 74 casualties.
	22 April	RMS Campania maiden voyage, world's largest ship and Blue Riband winner.
	2 September	RMS Lucania maiden voyage, world's largest ship and Blue Riband winner, the two sister ships made maritime history by exchanging the first Marconi Wireless transmission.
1894		William Ewart Gladstone left office at the age of 84, being both the oldest person to serve as prime minister and the only prime minister to have served four non-consecutive terms.
	13 October	Everton F.C. and Liverpool F.C. meet for the first Merseyside derby.
1895		Oliver Lodge sent a wireless morse code message, the world's first from the Jubilee Clock Tower at University College Liverpool, credited before Marconi Wireless.
1896		Auguste and Louis Lumière is among the earliest film of Liverpool Overhead Railway shot from a moving train as it moves past Liverpool docks.
1897		Harold Hilton wins The Open Championship at the Royal Liverpool Golf Club.
1898		Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine founded. [18]
		White Star Building constructed.
		Philharmonic Dining Rooms constructed.
		Liverpool Tramways Company closed. [4]
1899		Liverpool University Press founded.
	6 September	RMS Oceanic maiden voyage, largest ship in the world.
1899–1900		George's Dock closed and filled in.

20th century

1900s–1940s

Year	Date	Event
1900		Major alternations to Liverpool Town Hall. [4]
1901		Population is 684,958. [4]
		Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti founded Ferranti, the British electrical company that built and produced the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first electrical commercial computer, as well as the Ferranti Pegasus.
		Liverpool F.C. wins the Football League First Division, first major honour for the club.
		Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse constructed.
	July	RMS Celtic maiden voyage was completed, the first ship larger than Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Eastern.
1902		City boundaries expand to include Aigburth, Cressington and Grassendale. [4]
		Royal Insurance Building built.
1903		The world's first full conversion of steam to electric railway, Mersey Railway.
	11 February	RMS Cedric maiden voyage, world's largest ship.
	5 May	RMS Carpathia maiden voyage, made briefly famous for rescuing 712 survivors from the Titanic lifeboats.
	29 June	RMS Baltic maiden voyage, world's largest ship.
	17 December	RMS Republic maiden voyage. Transmitted the first-ever wireless CQD distress call, which led to the rescue of over 1,500 people in 1909, it was the largest ship to sink in history at that time.
1904		Foundation stone of the Anglican Cathedral is laid by King Edward VII. [4]
1905		Calderstones Park created.
		Grand Central Hall built.
	31 March	Frank Mason wins the 1905 Grand National on Kirkland owned by Frank Bibby of the Bibby Line.
	27 July	Hall Road rail accident a train collision resulting in 20 people being killed.
1906		Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building constructed.
		Liverpool F.C. win the 1905–06 Football League
		Everton F.C. win the 1906 FA Cup final.
	29 June	RMS Empress of Ireland maiden voyage.
1907		Dock Office built. [36]
		Sir William Bowring, 1st Baronet gave Liverpool the first municipal golf course in England in Bowring Park, Merseyside.
	August	700th anniversary of city founding. [37]
	May 8	RMS Adriatic maiden voyage, first ocean liner to have an indoor swimming pool and Victorian-style Turkish baths.
	7 September	RMS Lusitania maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner.
	16 November	RMS Mauretania maiden voyage, Blue Riband winner.
1908		Population is 753,203. [4]
		Meccano Ltd in business.
		William Watson racing driver, wins the RAC Tourist Trophy motor race.
1909		The world's first Department of Civic Design, which later spawns the town planning movement, is set up at the University of Liverpool.
		Bedford picture house opens first cinema in Walton.
	June	Catholic-Protestant conflict. [38]
1910		White Star Line ship Mersey became the first sailing ship to be fitted with a radio.
1911		1911 Liverpool general transport strike.
		Royal Liver Building constructed, Europe's tallest building between 1911-1940 and the UK's tallest building between 1911-1961.
		Blue Star Line shipping company established, by Vestey brothers, pioneered refrigeration shipping, that changed the lives of millions of people, especially those who lived in crowded industrial cities.
		Rodewald Concert Society founded.
	1 June	RMS Titanic's sister ship RMS Olympic arrived in Liverpool to be registered and opened to the public, having both ships being launched the previous day in Belfast.
1912		Lime Street Picture House opens. [39]
	5 April	SS Californian, known for not coming to the aid of the Titanic despite being close to the ship, leaves Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool.
	15 April	During the sinking of the Titanic, Frederick Fleet sighted the iceberg, with at least 115 crewmen from or having close connections to Liverpool being onboard, where only 28 of them survived.
1913		Crane's Music Hall opens.
	1 April	RMS Empress of Russia maiden voyage.
1914	28 July	World War I starts.
		The second largest mobilisation of men in Liverpool was for the Royal Navy, where more than 12,000 Liverpool men signed up to fight in the war at sea. As a consequence of these large numbers, there were men from Liverpool on every single battleship between 1914 and 1918. Cammell Laird built five light cruisers, six destroyers, two escorts and eight submarines for the Royal Navy, including HMS Birkenhead and HMS Chester, which took part in the Battle of Jutland.
	14 March	Reconstructed Adelphi Hotel is opened by the Midland Railway. [40]
	29 May	RMS Empress of Ireland sinks with the crew almost entirely from Merseyside.
	30 May	RMS Aquitania, maiden voyage, only ship to serve in both World War I and World War II as an Auxiliary cruiser, Troopship and Hospital ship.
	27 August	Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, launches the Liverpool Pals battalions scheme. [41]
	29 September	HMS Caroline launched by Cammell Laird, the last surviving ship from the Battle of Jutland making her the second oldest ship in the Royal Navy history after HMS Victory.
1915	May 7	RMS Lusitania is torpedoed and sunk with captain William Thomas Turner and many crew members from Liverpool onboard.
1916	30 July	"Liverpool's blackest day" – 500 men in Liverpool Pals battalions are killed in an attack on Guillemont in the Battle of the Somme [41] (following 200 deaths on the First day on the Somme).
1917		Cunard Building constructed. [18]
		120,000 men from Liverpool went to fight in the First World War, around 14,000 of those men were killed in action, that means that one of every nine men who left home to fight in service never returned, just about every single family in the city was directly affected.
		During World War I, Ashworth Hospital became the first specialist hospital for what is now known as Post-traumatic stress disorder.
	14 June	United States declared war on Germany, where more than 800,000 US soldiers of the 1st Infantry Division (United States) came through Liverpool, Liverpool was the busiest of European ports used for troop disembarkation.
1918	11 November	World War I ends, and the number of deaths of Merseyside in the first World War is 13,726, according to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission statistics.
1919		Racial conflict. [42]
		Cunard's luxury liner services moved to Southampton.
1920	5 February	The world's first fully welded ocean-going ship, the Fullagar, was launched by Cammell Laird. It was the first ship to replace rivets with electric arc welding, pioneering modern shipbuilding techniques.
	21 February	SS Imperator (known as RMS Berengaria) made her maiden passenger voyage for Cunard from Liverpool.
1921	12 March	Joe Fagan, the first English manager to win three trophies in one season, and the last of only four English managers to win the European Cup, is born.
1922–1923		Liverpool F.C. wins the Football League First Division Championship.
1925		Empire Theatre opens.
1927		A5058 road Queens Drive ring road completed.
		Gladstone Dock built.
		Woolton Picture House cinema opens.
1928	2 May	Everton F.C. wins the league title, Dixie Dean scores 60 goals in that season.
1929		Great Depression in the United Kingdom.
1930		Speke Airport, later Liverpool Airport, begins operating.
	28 June	MV Britannic maiden voyage, first major British motor-vessel (ship with diesel engines).
1931		Population is 855,688. [43] This is the peak size of Liverpool's population.
1932		Martins Bank Building built.
		India Buildings built.
		Liverpool Stadium built.
	25 June	MV Georgic maiden voyage, Britain's largest motor vessel.
1933	26 June	Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club hosted the 1933 Ryder Cup.
	13 October	British Interplanetary Society founded, the oldest existing Space advocacy organisation in the world.
1934		Sir Percy Bates ship owner and chairman of the Cunard-White Star Line oversaw the launch of the Liverpool registered ocean liners the RMS Queen Mary and the RMS Queen Elizabeth in 1938.
		Atlantic Steam Navigation Company in business.
		Paramount Theatre opens. [39]
	18 July	Royal opening of Queensway Tunnel by King George V, A580 road (Liverpool–East Lancashire Road, the UK's first intercity highway) and Walton Hall Park.
	20 September	Nel Tarleton challenged for the NBA and Ring World Featherweight title against American boxing champion Freddie Miller at Anfield Stadium.
1935	13 April	HMS Ark Royal launched by Cammell Laird. She was involved in the first aerial U-boat kill in World War II.
	12 June	Nel Tarleton challenged for the second time for the NBA and Ring World Featherweight title against Freddie Miller, losing on both occasions at the Stanley Greyhound Stadium.
1937	24 June	Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club hosts the 1937 Ryder Cup.
	11 December	Dixie Dean plays his last game for Everton F.C. scoring 383 goals in 433 appearances.
1938	28 July	RMS Mauretania launched by Cammell Laird.
	17 October	Royal Court Theatre built.
1939		Exchange Flags built.
	22 April	Everton F.C. wins the English First Division for the fifth time.
	1 September	World War II officially starts, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany two days later on 3 September 1939.
	3 September	World War II war began at sea, less than eight hours after Britain had entered the war and two days after Germany precipitated the conflict by invading Poland. Lieutenant Fritz-Julius Lemp of U-30 disobeyed Hitler's orders and sank the liner SS Athenia en Route from Liverpool to Canada.
1940	14 June	RMS Lancastria departed from Liverpool on its final voyage and was sunk three days later off the coast of France, considered to be the worst disaster in British maritime history as 6,000 people lost their lives.
	1 July	The final voyage of the SS Arandora Star.
	28 August	Aerial bombing by German forces begins. During the Liverpool Blitz, approximately 70,000 people were made homeless due to widespread destruction of homes and buildings.
	13 September	The final voyage of the SS City of Benares.
	9 October	John Lennon is born at the Liverpool Maternity Hospital.
1941	7 February	Western Approaches Command Centre for the campaign waged against the German submarine fleet during the Battle of the Atlantic became based at Exchange Flags.
	26–28 May	Cammell Laird built HMS Prince of Wales, HMS Ark Royal, and HMS Rodney, all of which played a major role in the sinking of the German battle ship Bismarck during World War II. The shipyard produced nearly 200 commercial and military vessels in support of the British war effort.
	12 August	Operation Dervish departs from Liverpool.
1942	10 January	The Liverpool Blitz by German forces ends.
	18 June	Sir Paul McCartney is born.
	18 December	Convoy ON 154 departs from Liverpool.
	30 December	Liverpool-built special services vessel HMS Fidelity sinks.
1943	5 November	1.2 million United States soldiers pass through Liverpool during World War II. The first being 1st Infantry Division (United States) This figure represents a significant proportion of approximately 4.7 million troops who used the port to prepare for the invasion of Europe.
	25 February	George Harrison born at 12 Arnold Grove.
1944		Captain Frederic John Walker the most successful anti-submarine commander of the Second World War, being credited with 20 U-boats destroyed from various ships including Cammell Lairds HMS Kite.
		Penicillin was tested on a child for the first time at Alder Hey Children's Hospital, saving the child from pneumonia.
	17 July	Convoys to Liverpool during World War II typically consisted of 45 to 70 merchant ships, some smaller and some larger. Convoy HX 300 was the largest convoy of the war, comprising 166 ships. 1,285 convoys arrived in the Mersey during the war, an average of four per-week, putting a large amount of strain on Liverpool docks.
	8 September	A fatal explosion at ROF Kirkby (second one this year) kills 14 workers who were engaged on filling munitions.
1945		Liverpool shipowners lost over 3 million tons of shipping, with most losses occurring in the Atlantic Ocean, this equivalent to roughly 630 ships of 5,000 tons each, representing about a quarter of all British merchant shipping losses during the war, the Port of Liverpool also handled a massive amount of cargo, over 75 million tons between 1939 and 1945, with significant portion being war materials.
	8 May	World War II ends, marking it as the first VE Day. During the Liverpool Blitz, approximately 2,736 civilians were killed in Liverpool alone, with the total number of deaths across Merseyside being around 4,000.
1946		Liverpool Corporation begins development on Kirkby Industrial Estate on a former ordnance factory site.
1947		SS Ormonde, the first ship to bring significant number of British African-Caribbean people to the UK before the more famous HMT Empire Windrush.
		Liverpool F.C. wins the English First Division for the fifth time.
1948		Shipping pioneer Frank Bustard founded Atlantic Steam Navigation Company, the world's first Roll-on/roll-off ferry service.
	31 May	Canada Dock Branch railway closed to intermediate passengers.
	30 July	Liverpool became the first port in the world to open a shore-based Port Radar Supervision Station at Gladstone Dock. The pioneering station was the world's first to use radar assistance for guiding ships through narrow channels and during low visibility conditions like fog. This system pioneered what is now known globally as Vessel traffic service.
	18 September	A record attendance of 78,299 at Goodison Park watched Everton F.C. play Football League First Division champions Liverpool F.C. in the Merseyside derby.
1949	19 March	The Cameo Cinema murder case.

1950s–1990s

Merseyrail electrification

1950		Otterspool Promenade built.
	3 May	HMS Ark Royal, launched by Cammell Laird, is the first aircraft carrier constructed with an angled flight deck and steam catapults of new.
1951		A memorial at the Anfield Cemetery holds mass graves for 554 civilian victims of the Liverpool Blitz, with 373 of them unidentified.
1952		City twinned with Cologne, Germany.
	3 June	MV Devonshire, owned by Bibby Line, set sail from Liverpool carrying The King's Regiment to The Korean war.
	12 November	Liverpool Naval Memorial commemorates over 1,400 men of the Merchant Navy who died serving in the Royal Navy who have no known graves.
1953		Liverpool Muslim Society founded.
	14 March	Lita Roza's "(How Much is) That Doggie in the Window" became the first number one hit by a Liverpool artist.
	27 July	Frank Sinatra performs in Liverpool for a week at the Liverpool Empire Theatre performing two shows each night during the week.
1955	16 July	Stirling Moss wins the 1955 British Grand Prix at Aintree Motor Racing Circuit.
1956		Tate & Lyle Sugar Silo built.
	20 April	Empress of Britain maiden voyage.
	30 December	Liverpool Overhead Railway urban rail transit system with fourteen stations last runs amid protest against closure.
1957	15 January	The Cavern Club opens as a jazz club.
	25 January	Frankie Vaughan's "The Garden of Eden" became the second number one hit by a Liverpool artist.
	18 April	RMS Empress of England maiden voyage.
	6 July	John Lennon and Paul McCartney of The Beatles first meet at a garden fete at St. Peter's Church, Woolton, at which Lennon's skiffle group, The Quarrymen (formed 1956), is playing (and in the graveyard of which an Eleanor Rigby is buried).
	20 July	1957 British Grand Prix held at Aintree Motor Racing Circuit.
	14 September	Liverpool Corporation Tramways close after the last tram runs in Liverpool, 88 years after the first.
1958		Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral crypt completed to the design of Edwin Lutyens, but the remainder of his cathedral design is abandoned.
	14 February	Michael Holliday's "Story of My Life" became the third number one hit by a Liverpool artist.
	20 March	Buddy Holly and the Crickets perform in Liverpool at the Philharmonic Hall.
	May–June	The Quarrymen record "In Spite of All the Danger" at Phillips' Sound Recording Services in Liverpool.
1959	18 July	1959 British Grand Prix held at Aintree Motor Racing Circuit.
	1 December	Bill Shankly becomes manager of Liverpool F.C., and transformed the club and created The Boot Room.
1960		Tranmere Oil Terminal commissioned, handling 140 oil tankers a year.
	January	John Lennon's Liverpool College of Art friend Stu Sutcliffe joins his rock group and suggests they change their name to The Beatles.
	26 March	The Grand National is televised for the first time, The winner is Merrymen 11.
	22 June	Fire in Henderson's department store kills eleven. [44]
1961	9 February	The Beatles perform at The Cavern Club for the first time following their return from Hamburg, marking it as George Harrison's first appearance at the venue. On 21 March, they play the first of nearly 300 regular performances at the club.
	24 April	RMS Empress of Canada maiden voyage.
	6 July	Mersey Beat begins publication.
	15 July	1961 British Grand Prix held at Aintree Motor Racing Circuit.
	9 November	Future manager Brian Epstein first sees The Beatles at the Cavern Club.
1962	24 January	Brian Epstein signs a contract to manage The Beatles.
	21 July	1962 British Grand Prix held at Aintree Motor Racing Circuit.
	18 August	Ringo Starr performed with The Beatles for the first time as The Fab Four at Hulme Hall, Port Sunlight.
	16 September	Liverpool and North Wales Steamship Company makes its last sailings.
	12 October	The Beatles first meet rock and roll pioneer Little Richard for the first time when they opened for him at Tower Ballroom in Merseyside seaside town New Brighton.
1963	3 August	The Beatles perform at The Cavern Club for the final time as they begin a run of chart success.
	5 November	The Rolling Stones perform at The Cavern Club.
1964		Everyman Theatre, Liverpool opened.
	22 January	The Yardbirds performed at The Cavern Club.
	9 February	The Beatles made their historic first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. This debut performance was viewed by 73 million viewers, making a watershed moment in Beatlemania.
	21 February	The Kinks performed at The Cavern Club.
	10 May	Liverpool F.C. first-team squad appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. The appearance occurred during the club's post-season tour of America and Canada shortly after they had been crowned champions of English First Division. They were in the audience to watch Gerry and the Pacemakers perform on the show.
	10 July	The Beatles return to Liverpool for their northern premiere of the film A Hard Day's Night , and were met with an estimated 200,000 adoring fans, the band flew into Speke Airport and were greeted by 3,000 fans, and the crowds lining the streets along the route.
	22 August	Liverpool F.C. was featured on the very first episode of Match of the Day . Liverpool played Arsenal at Anfield, with Liverpool winning 3-2. Liverpool striker Roger Hunt scored the first goal ever shown on the programme.
	8 November	Marks a monumental return for The Beatles as they arrived in their hometown amid the height of Beatlemania.
1965	1 May	Liverpool F.C. wins the FA Cup for the first time.
	27 August	Overseas Containers formed, Blue Funnel Line, Ocean Group plc formed a consortium with other British shipping companies.
	7 October	Royal Birkdale Golf Club hosts the 1965 Ryder Cup.
	31 October	The Who perform at The Cavern Club.
	10 December	The Beatles play their final live concert in Liverpool at the Liverpool Empire Theatre, after that date, they focused on studio recordings and international tours.
1966	12 January	Containerization developed in Liverpool, Associate Container Transport formed by five British shipping companies, including Blue Star Line, Cunard Line (Port line) and Harrison Line.
	23 January	16 year old Stevie Wonder performed at The Cavern Club.
	7 February	Elton John and his band Bluesology performed at The Cavern Club.
	16 April	Liverpool F.C. wins the 1966 First Division title.
	14 May	Everton F.C. wins the 1966 FA Cup final.
	11 June–30 July	Goodison Park hosted five matches of the 1966 FIFA World Cup throughout the tournament, being the most played outside of Wembley Stadium. With intercontinental communications satellites, it was the first tournament to gain widespread live coverage on three group games involving world champions Brazil, quarterfinal between Portugal and North Korea and the semi-final between West Germany and the Soviet Union.
1967		The Mersey Sound anthology of Liverpool poets published. [45]
	25 February	The United Kingdom's second Polaris nuclear submarine HMS Renown was launched from Birkenhead.
	27 February	Chuck Berry performed at The Cavern Club after the 1964 album St. Louis to Liverpool .
	14 May	Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral (Roman Catholic) consecrated.
	July–August	Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building partially demolished.
	22 November	BBC Radio Merseyside launched.
1968		Fifteen Guinea Special last mainline passenger steam locomotive service.
	30 January	RMS Franconia makes Cunard Line's last scheduled voyage from Liverpool. [46]
1969		Radio City Tower built.
		St. John's Shopping Centre and Clayton Square Shopping Centre in business.[ citation needed ]
		Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive begins operation.
	9 September	Freddie Mercury performs in Liverpool with the band Ibex, which is notable because it was the first time he was joined on stage by future Queen band members Brian May and Roger Taylor during a time where he was living in Penny Lane.
	18 September	Royal Birkdale Golf Club hosts the 1969 Ryder Cup.
	15 November	The first Match of the Day broadcast in colour featured the match between Liverpool and West Ham United at Anfield.
1970	April 1	Everton F.C. clinched their 7th League title, after beating West Brom 2-0 at Goodison Park in front of 58,523 goals from Liverpool born Alan Whittle and Colin Harvey.
	April 10	Paul McCartney announces of the break-up of the Beatles.
	October 31	Queen's first major gig at The Cavern Club. This performance came roughly three years before the release of their self-titled debut album, it is often cited as their first major gig as Queen.
1971	January 30	George Harrison was the first ex-Beatle to have a number one hit with "My Sweet Lord".
	June 24	Royal opening of the Kingsway Tunnel by Queen Elizabeth II.
	July 3	Knowsley Safari Park officially opened.
	August 3	Paul McCartney and Wings formed.
	November 29	Led Zeppelin performed at the Liverpool Stadium.
1972		Albert Dock closed. Seaforth Dock opens near city in the area of Seaforth, Lancashire.
		North Liverpool Extension Line closed after a century's operation and track lifted.
		Waterloo Tunnel, Victoria Tunnel (serving Waterloo branch from Edge Hill railway station to Liverpool Riverside railway station) and Wapping Tunnel are closed, 123 years after opening.
		Liverpool Central High Level railway station closed.
	Canadian Pacific unit CP Ships are the last transatlantic line to operate from Liverpool.
1973	April 23	Liverpool F.C. wins the Football League First Division for a record eighth time a record it would be held for the next 40 years.
	May 23	Liverpool F.C. in the 1973 UEFA Cup final.
1974		City becomes a metropolitan borough within the newly created metropolitan county of Merseyside; Merseyside County Council established.
		Post & Echo Building and New Hall Place constructed.
		Al-Rahma Mosque established. M57 motorway outer ring road completed and opened.
		Church Street, Liverpool pedestrianised.
1975	November 14	Queen performed "Bohemian Rhapsody" for the first time live at Liverpool Empire Theatre during the A Night At The Opera Tour.
1976		M62 motorway junctions 4 to 6 (Tarbock) connecting Leeds and Manchester to Liverpool completed and opened. [47]
		Home and Bargain in business.
	May 4	Liverpool F.C. clinched their record ninth Football League First Division title.
	May 19	Liverpool F.C. win the UEFA cup for the second time in three years.

• 1977
  • May 25 Liverpool F.C. win the 1977 European Cup final the first English club to win the European Cup on the continent in Rome.
  • Merseyrail formed and Liverpool Exchange railway station closed after 127 years and partially turned into a car park. Moorfields railway station opened on new loop Wirral line (3 January 1978) to replace Exchange. Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway branch line severed with buffer at Kirkby ending through trains to Manchester.
• 1978
  • 25 October Liverpool Cathedral is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II after 74 years construction.
  • Garston railway reopened. The Garston line formed the southern portion of Merseyrail's Northern Line.
  • Liverpool F.C. win the European Cup becoming the first English club to win back to back The European Cup wins after the victory in 1977 and retained it in 1978.
• 1979
  • Michael Heseltine appointed Minister for Merseyside.
  • 18 December Fire at St. John's Shopping Centre. ^[48]
• 1980
  • Merseyside Maritime Museum opens in the Albert Dock complex. ^[49]
  • September 9 MV Derbyshire lost during Typhoon Orchid with all 44 hands onboard, 17 of the crew from the city of Liverpool. The largest British vessel lost at sea.
  • September 25 HMS Liverpool launched by Cammell Laird.
  • December 8 Murder of John Lennon in its aftermath 30,000 gathered in Liverpool to mourn the loss of the musician.
• 1981
  • May 27 Liverpool F.C. win the 1981 European Cup final against Real Madrid CF.
  • May 30 Visit by Pope John Paul II to Liverpool where a million spectators lined the route of his journey of Speke Airport to Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral and Liverpool Anglican Cathedral.
• 1982
  • Mersey Television formed.
  • July 3 Toxteth riots. ^[50] Chancellor Sir Geoffrey Howe circulates a cabinet memo arguing for "managed decline".
• 1983
  • Militant in Liverpool win control of the council.
• 1984
  • May 2 International Garden Festival opens.
  • May 19 Everton F.C. win the 1984 FA Cup final.
  • May 30 Liverpool F.C. win the League Cup the League title and the fourth European Cup win against A.S. Roma in Rome, following this fourth title Liverpool held the position of the second most successful club in the competitions history, trailing only Real Madrid CF (who held 6 titles at that time).
  • August 1 Tall Ships Races begins to coincide with the opening of the Royal Albert Dock as a tourist destination.
• 1985
  • Militant in Liverpool set illegal council budget.
  • Everton F.C. wins the League title and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
• 1986
  • Liverpool Airport Southern Terminal opens.
  • 1986 FA Cup final was a Merseyside derby. The match was played seven days after Liverpool F.C. secured the League Title completing the domestic double.
• 1987
  • Everton F.C. in the Football league championship.
  • Brookside begins broadcasting.
• 1988
  • May 24 Tate Liverpool (modern art museum) opens in the Albert Dock.
  • September 11 Michael Jackson concluded the European leg of his Bad Tour with a sold-out performance before 125,000 people at Aintree Racecourse and it remains one of the largest concerts by a solo artist ever held in the UK.
• 1989
  • Everton Park opened.
  • 15 April The Hillsborough disaster happens. 97 Liverpool F.C. supporters are killed as the result of a crowd crush at Sheffield stadium.
  • 20 May 1989 FA Cup final was a Merseyside derby played 35 days after the Hillsborough disaster.

Year	Date	Event
1990		Liverpool F.C. wins the Football League First Division for a record 18th time.
1991		Population is 452,450. [51]
1992		Cream nightclub begins.
		Africa Oyé music festival begins.
	9 May	Liverpool wins the 1992 FA Cup final.
	16 August	The first live televised Premier League game between Liverpool FC and Nottingham Forest to be broadcast on Sky Sports.
1993		Museum of Liverpool Life opens.
	27 May	Western Approaches Museum opens.
		Liverpool Mathew Street Music Festival begins. [52]
	19 December	Oasis records their debut single "Supersonic" at Pink Museum studio.
1995		Everton F.C. wins the 1995 FA Cup final.
		Liverpool F.C. wins the 1995 League Cup final
1996		Anfield hosts a total of four matches during UEFA Euro 1996 including three group-stage fixtures and a quarter-final.
1997		Liverpool twinned with Dublin, Ireland.
1999		Liverpool twinned with Shanghai, China. A Chinese arch gifted from Shanghai is the largest in Europe, Liverpool's Chinese community is the oldest in Europe.

21st century

• 2001
  • Liverpool Wall of Fame unveiled.
  • Liverpool Airport officially renamed after John Lennon.
  • Liverpool F.C. win a Cup winning treble of League Cup, FA Cup, UEFA cup.
• 2002 – Liverpool International Tennis Tournament begins.
• 2003
• Liverpool twinned with Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• 4 November; Brookside last broadcast.
• 2004
  • Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City registered as a World Heritage Site with UNESCO.
  • Homotopia festival begins.
• 2005 – Liverpool F.C. win Champions League for the fifth time.
• 2005 – Another Place sculpture at Crosby Beach.
• 2006
  • Royal Standard art gallery established on Mann St. ^[53]
  • Liverpool South Parkway railway station opened.
• 2007
  • Liverpool Cruise Terminal opens.
  • International Slavery Museum opens.
  • West Tower built.
  • Liverpool Shakespeare Festival begins.
• 2008
  • City designated a European Capital of Culture.
  • Echo Arena Liverpool, BT Convention Centre and Liverpool One open.
  • One Park West and Alexandra Tower built.
• 2010 – National Oceanography Centre established.
• 2011 – Museum of Liverpool opens on the waterfront.
• 2012 – Prime Minister David Cameron apologises for the cover-up and misinformation to those effected by the 1989 Hillsborough disaster.
• 2013
  • 19 December; Liverpool Post last published.
  • Cunard Line resume cruising from Liverpool with the Queen Mary 2, the largest ocean liner ever built.
• 2014
  • Liverpool City Region Combined Authority established including Liverpool, Halton, Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral.
  • Liverpool TV launched. ^[54]
• 2015 – Liverpool named A UNESCO City of Music.
• May 24-26; Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria visit Liverpool. The event marked the 175th anniversary of the Cunard Line founding in Liverpool and drew a estimated 1.3 million spectators on the waterfront and described as the biggest waterfront event in the city's history.
• 2016
• November 4; Liverpool2 container shipping port opened at Seaforth.
• November 6: Liverpool twinned with Panama City, Panama.
• October 20; The world's largest combination container Roll-on/roll-off ship, the Atlantic Star christened by Princess Royal in Liverpool.
• 2017
  • 8 May; Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region established including Liverpool, Halton, Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral. Steve Rotheram is the first person elected to the office. ^[55]
  • Liverpool twinned with Surabaya, Indonesia
  • The Open Championship officially hosted for the 10th time to be played at Royal Birkdale Golf Club.
• 2018 – Cammell Laird launched research vessel RRS Sir David Attenborough.
• 2019
  • First black Lord Mayor of Liverpool, Anna Rothery, appointed. ^[56]
  • Liverpool F.C. win the Champions League for the sixth time, making them the third most successful club in the competitions history behind Real Madrid CF and AC Milan.
• 2020
  • 23 March; Liverpool goes onto a nationwide lockdown with the rest of the UK due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 25 June; Liverpool F.C. win the 2019–20 Premier League, their first victory of the Premier League era.
  • 14 October; COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Liverpool moves to the Tier 3 (very high) level of restriction. ^[57]
  • 6 November; First UK covid mass testing piloted in Liverpool. ^[58]
• 2021
  • 10 April; Rachael Blackmore made history by becoming the first female to win the Grand National in the 182-year history.
  • 6 May; Joanne Anderson is elected city Mayor of Liverpool, the first directly elected black woman mayor of a major British city. ^[59]
  • 21 July; Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City delisted as a World Heritage Site with UNESCO. ^[60]
• 2022
  • 25 March; Yoko Ono Lennon Centre opened by Sean Lennon.
  • Liverpool F.C. win the League Cup and FA Cup
• 2023
  • 13 May; Liverpool hosts Eurovision Song Contest 2023.
  • June 16-23; The Open Championship officially the 13th to be played at Royal Liverpool Golf Club.
• 2024
  • 14 June; Taylor Swift performs to sold out Anfield Stadium for 3 night residency on first UK dates in her The Eras Tour.
  • 3 June; MS Queen Anne first arrives in Liverpool for her maiden call and naming ceremony on the banks of the River Mersey, the 249th ship to fly under the Cunard flag.
  • 26 June; Isle of Man Ferry terminal relocates to Princes Dock. ^[61]
• 2025 – 11 February, the last Merseyside derby at Goodison Park, this 245th meeting in all competitions remains the most played fixture in English football history (211th in league)
• 2025 April 28; Liverpool F.C. secure the Premier League title, winning England's top division 20 times in history.
• 2025 – 24 August, Everton F.C.. officially opened Hill Dickinson Stadium.
• 2025 – September 4-14; 2025 World Boxing Championships held at Liverpool Arena.

See also

• History of Liverpool
• List of Lord Mayors of Liverpool

References

1. "Liverpool Domesday Book". historyofliverpool.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015.
2. "King John & Liverpool 1207 Charter". History of Liverpool.
3. Letters, Samantha, ed. (2005). "Lancashire". Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516. Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History.
4. Irvine, William Fergusson (1911). "Liverpool"  . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 804–809.
5. "Liverpool and the Black Death Plague". History of Liverpool.
6. Butterworth, Edwin (1841). "Liverpool". Statistical Sketch of the County Palatine of Lancaster. London: Longman & Co.
7. "Annals of Liverpool". The Stranger in Liverpool: or, An historical and descriptive view of the town of Liverpool and its environs (10th ed.). Liverpool: Thomas Kaye. 1833. hdl:2027/wu.89032309627.
8. Darity, William A., Jr., ed. (2008). "Liverpool Slave Trade". International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 468–469 – via Gale Virtual Reference Library.
9. "A History of Liverpool". Local Histories. 14 March 2021.
10. Brewster, David, ed. (1832). "Liverpool". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068380875.
11. Bona, Emilia (8 October 2017). "You might be surprised at when this Liverpool pub started letting women in". Liverpool Echo.
12. Baines, Edward (1870). Harland, John (ed.). History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster. Vol. 2. London: Routledge.
13. "Circulating Libraries". All the Year Round . No. 282. 26 May 1894.
14. Williams, A. V. (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
15. Lowe, Claude Egerton (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co.
16. Catalogue of the Liverpool Library, at the Lyceum. Printed by James Smith. 1814.
17. Townsend, George Henry (1867). "Liverpool". A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.). London: Frederick Warne & Co.
18. University Library. "Collection Descriptions". Special Collections & Archives. University of Liverpool. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
19. Farrer, William; Brownbill, J., eds. (1911). "Liverpool: the Docks". A History of the County of Lancaster. Vol. 4. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
20. Toone, William (1835). Chronological Historian. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: J. Dowding.
21. Edgar, J. S. (1893). Liverpool Chess Club: A Short Sketch of the Club from Its First Meeting, 12th December, 1837, to the Present Time; Together with a Complete List of Past and Present Members and Officials, and a Catalogue of the Library.
22. Sadler, Michael E. (1904). Report on Secondary Education in Liverpool (Report). London.
23. "Cunard Steam-Ship Company". The New York Times. 25 July 1880.
24. Baines, Edward (1893). "Liverpool Parish". In Harland, John (ed.). History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster. Vol. 5.
25. Cowell, Peter (1903). Liverpool Public Libraries: a History of Fifty years. Liverpool: Free Public Library. OCLC   4319003. OL   7062709M.
26. Jarvis, Adrian (1994). "The Port of Liverpool and the shipowners in the late 19th century". The Great Circle. 16. Australian Association for Maritime History. JSTOR   41562879.
27. "The Paternoster: A Requiem". Granta. 5 May 2020.
28. "Municipal Housing in Liverpool before 1914: the 'first council houses in Europe'". Municipal Dreams. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
29. Grimsditch, Lee (30 September 2022). "Lost Stanley Park pool that disappeared without trace". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
30. "Liverpool", Willing's Press Guide, London: James Willing, Jr., 1904
31. "Anfield: Timeline of Liverpool's famous home" . The Independent. 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
32. "Liverpool and Merseyside remembered". Anthony Hogan. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
33. Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-536343-2.
34. Broadbent, R.J. (1908). Annals of the Liverpool Stage. Liverpool: E. Howell. OL   13499031M.
35. James Lord Bowes (1894), Handbook to the Bowes Museum of Japanese Art-Work, Streatlam Towers, Liverpool, OCLC   27521645, OL   20455863M
36. De Figueiredo, Peter (2003). "Symbols of Empire: The Buildings of the Liverpool Waterfront". Architectural History. 46: 229–254. doi:10.2307/1568808. JSTOR   1568808.
37. Liverpool's 700th Anniversary Celebrations: Words and Music. 1907.
38. Coslett, Paul (2009). "The Belfast of England". Liverpool: History. BBC. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
39. "Movie Theaters in Liverpool". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
40. "The New Adelphi Hotel". Liverpool Echo. 13 March 1914. p. 6.
41. Doyle, Peter (2014). The First World War in 100 Objects. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN   978-0-7524-8811-0.
42. Zack-Williams, Alfred B. (1997). "African Diaspora Conditioning: The Case of Liverpool". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 528–542. doi:10.1177/002193479702700405. JSTOR   2784729. S2CID   143618099.
43. The Population of Liverpool Exemplified (PDF) (1st ed.). Liverpool John Moores University. 2010.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
44. "Henderson's department store fire, Liverpool". Fire Brigades Union. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
45. Gascoigne, Bamber. "Timelines: Liverpool". History World. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
46. "Queen Mary 2 to run first Cunard Liverpool sailings in 45 years". Cruise Liverpool. 1 March 2013.
47. Philbin, Paul (26 February 2017). "Why does the M62 start at junction 5?". liverpoolecho.
48. "St. John's Market, Liverpool". Delta 64. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
49. Couch, Chris; Farr, Sarah-Jane (2000). "Museums, Galleries, Tourism and Regeneration: Some Experiences from Liverpool". Built Environment. 26 (2): 152–163. JSTOR   23288855.
50. "1945 to present". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
51. "Census Information Index". City of Liverpool Internet. City of Liverpool. Archived from the original on 11 February 1998. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
52. "Mathew Street Festival axed and replaced by new Liverpool International Music Festival". Liverpool Echo. 19 February 2013.
53. "United Kingdom". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
54. "Bay TV wins Liverpool local TV licence". Digital Spy. 21 February 2013.
55. "Liverpool 'metro mayor' results: Labour's Steve Rotheram elected". BBC News. 5 May 2017.
56. "Liverpool: First black mayor succeeds race row councillor". BBC News. 13 August 2019.
57. Woodcock, Andrew (12 October 2020). "Coronavirus; Liverpool and rest of Merseyside to enter 'very high' tier of lockdown system" . The Independent . London. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
58. "Liverpool to pioneer UK's first attempt at mass Covid testing". The Guardian . 2 November 2020.
59. Wolfe-Robinson, Maya (7 May 2021). "Liverpool chooses UK's first directly elected black female mayor". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
60. "Liverpool stripped of Unesco World Heritage status". BBC News. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
61. Turton, Sam (26 June 2024). "New ferry terminal opens its doors". BBC News.

Further reading

Published in the 18th century

• Liverpool Directory, for the Year 1766. Liverpool: Printed by W. Nevett and Co. for J. Gore.
• William Enfield (1774), An essay towards the history of Leverpool (2nd ed.), London: J. Johnson, OL   23379980M
• W. Bailey (1781). "Liverpool Directory". Bailey's Northern Directory. Warrington: Printed by William Ashton.
• William Moss (1796). Liverpool Guide. Liverpool: Crane and Jones.
• James Wallace (1796), A general and descriptive history of the ancient and present state, of the town of Liverpool, Liverpool: J. McCreery, OL   7197095M

Published in the 19th century

1800s–1840s

• "Liverpool", Kearsley's Traveller's Entertaining Guide through Great Britain, London: George Kearsley, 1803
• John Britton (1807), "Liverpool", Beauties of England and Wales, vol. 9, London: Vernor, Hood & Sharpe, hdl:2027/mdp.39015063565736
• Picture of Liverpool; or, Stranger's Guide (2nd ed.), Liverpool: Printed by Jones and Wright, and sold by Woodward and Alderson, 1808, OL   25319603M
• John Corry (1810), The history of Liverpool, from the earliest authenticated period down to the present time, Liverpool: William Robinson
• "Liverpool". Commercial Directory for 1818-19-20. Manchester: James Pigot. 1818.
• Robert Watt (1824). "Liverpool". Bibliotheca Britannica. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: A. Constable. hdl:2027/mdp.39076005081505. OCLC   961753.
• Henry Smithers (1825), Liverpool, its Commerce, Statistics, and Institutions, Liverpool: Printed by T. Kaye, OCLC   4587553, OL   6920334M
• "Liverpool". Pigot & Co.'s National Commercial Directory for 1828-9. London: James Pigot. 1828.
• "Liverpool", Cities and Principal Towns of the World, Cabinet Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC   2665202
• Stephen Reynolds Clarke (1830), "Liverpool", New Lancashire Gazetteer, London: H. Teesdale and Co., OCLC   6704104
• Gore's Directory and View of Liverpool (PDF). Liverpool: J. and J. Mawdsley. 1834.
• "Liverpool". Cornish's Grand Junction, and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Companion. Birmingham: J. Cornish. 1837. hdl:2027/wu.89097042907. LCCN   n87-896539.
• Picture of Liverpool. Liverpool: T. Taylor. 1837.
• Francis Coghlan (1838). "Liverpool". Iron Road Book and Railway Companion from London to Birmingham, Manchester, and Liverpool. London: A.H. Baily & Co. hdl:2027/wu.89089014146.
• Arthur Freeling (1838), "Liverpool Guide", Freeling's Grand Junction Railway Companion to Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham, H. Lacey, LCCN   n86-16929
• "Liverpool", Osborne's Guide to the Grand Junction, Or Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester Railway, Birmingham: E.C. & W. Osborne, 1838
• "Liverpool", Leigh's New Pocket Road-Book of England and Wales (7th ed.), London: Leigh and Son, 1839
• Liverpool as It Is. 1840.
• Alexander Brown (1843), Smith's Strangers' Guide to Liverpool, Liverpool: Benjamin Smith, OL   23369337M
• John Thomson (1845), "Liverpool", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
• "Liverpool". Slater's National Commercial Directory of Ireland; including ... English Towns of Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, West Bromwich, Leeds, Sheffield and Bristol, and in Scotland, those of Glasgow and Paisley. Manchester: I. Slater. 1846. hdl:2027/njp.32101045358296.
• Samuel Lewis (1848), "Liverpool", Topographical Dictionary of England (7th ed.), London: S. Lewis and Co.

1850s–1890s

• Thomas Baines (1852). History of the Commerce and Town of Liverpool. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
• "Liverpool", Black's Picturesque Tourist and Road-book of England and Wales (3rd ed.), Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1853
• Richard Brooke (1853), Liverpool as it was during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. 1775 to 1800, Liverpool: J. Mawdsley and Son, OCLC   4612147, OL   6928908M
• Thomas Baines (1859), Liverpool in 1859, London: Longman, OL   25464729M
• George Measom (1859), "Liverpool", Official Illustrated Guide to the North-Western Railway, London: W.H. Smith and Son
• Recollections of old Liverpool, Liverpool: J. F. Hughes, 1863, OL   25319604M
• A. Green & Co.'s Directory for Liverpool and Birkenhead, 1870
• James Stonehouse (c. 1870). Streets of Liverpool. Liverpool: E. Howell.
• Black's Guide to Liverpool, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1871
• "Liverpool Section". Commercial Directory and Shippers' Guide (3rd ed.). Liverpool: R.E. Fulton & Co. 1871.
• James Picton (1875), Memorials of Liverpool, London: Longmans, Green, OL   7022210M
• "Liverpool", Official Guide and Album of the Cunard Steamship Company, S. Sharpe, 1877
• John Parker Anderson (1881), "Lancashire: Liverpool", Book of British Topography: a Classified Catalogue of the Topographical Works in the Library of the British Museum Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, London: W. Satchell
• Lewis's Handy Guide to Liverpool and Neighbourhood. Liverpool: Lewis's. 1884.
• Liverpool a few years since (3rd ed.), Liverpool: A. Holden, 1885, OL   7239798M
• City of Liverpool: Municipal archives and records, from A. D. 1700 to the passing of the municipal reform act, 1835, Liverpool: G. G. Walmsley, 1886, OL   14000568M
• Frederick Dolman (1895), "Liverpool", Municipalities at Work: the Municipal Policy of Six Great Towns and its Influence on their Social Welfare, London: Methuen & Co., OCLC   8429493

Published in the 20th century

1900s–1940s

• Ramsay Muir (1907), A History of Liverpool (2nd ed.), London: Pub. for the University Press of Liverpool by Williams & Norgate, OL   24434716M
• George T. Shaw; Isabella Shaw, eds. (1907). Liverpool's First Directory. A Reprint of the Names and Addresses from Gore's Directory for 1766. Liverpool: Henry Young & Sons.
• Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "Liverpool". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd.
• William Dean Howells (1909), "A Modest Liking for Liverpool", Seven English Cities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "Liverpool", Great Britain, Baedeker's Great Britain (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, hdl:2027/mdp.39015010546516
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Liverpool", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• Irvine, William Fergusson (1911). "Liverpool"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 804–809.
• William Farrer; J. Brownbill, eds. (1911). "History of the County of Lancaster". Victoria County History. University of London, Institute of Historical Research. (includes Liverpool)

1950s–1990s

• Richard Hawes (1998). "Municipal Regulation of Smoke Pollution in Liverpool, 1853–1866". Environment and History. 4 (1): 75–90. doi:10.3197/096734098779555718. JSTOR   20723060.

Published in the 21st century

• Richard Lawton (2002). "Components of demographic change in a rapidly growing port-city: the case of Liverpool in the nineteenth century". In Richard Lawton and W. Robert Lee (ed.). Population and Society in Western European Port Cities, c.1650–1939. Liverpool University Press. ISBN   978-0-85323-435-7.
• John Belchem (2007). Irish, Catholic and Scouse: The History of the Liverpool-Irish, 1800–1939. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

External links

• "Liverpool". Port Cities UK. UK: New Opportunities Fund. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012.
• Caryl Williams. "History Timeline". Old Liverpool. UK. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010.
• "Lancashire". Historical Directories. UK: University of Leicester. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.. Includes digitized directories of Liverpool, various dates
• Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Liverpool, various dates
• "Liverpool". Discovering Britain: Walks: North West England. Royal Geographical Society. c. 2013.

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