| Demographics of Liverpool | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Liverpool | |
| Population | 466,400 (2011) |
| Nationality | |
| Major ethnic | White: 88.9% |
The demography of Liverpool is officially analysed by the Office for National Statistics. The Liverpool City Region is made up of Liverpool alongside the Metropolitan Boroughs of Halton, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens, and the Wirral. With a population of around 496,784, Liverpool is the largest settlement in the region and the sixth largest in the United Kingdom.
As with other major British cities, Liverpool has a large and very diverse population. In the 2011 UK Census, the recorded population of Liverpool was 466,400, [1] a 5.5% increase from the 435,500 recorded in the 2001 census. [2] Liverpool's population peaked in the 1930s with 846,101 recorded in the 1931 census. [3] Until the recent increase, the city had experienced negative population growth every decade; at its peak, over 100,000 people had left the city between 1971 and 1981. [4] Between 2001 and 2006, the city experienced the ninth largest population percentage loss of any UK unitary authority. [5]
In common with many cities, Liverpool's population is younger than that of England as a whole, with 42.3% of its population under the age of 30, compared to an English average of 37.4%. [6] Those of working age make up 65.1% of the population. [6]
The Liverpool Urban Area encompasses the city of Liverpool alongside Sefton, Knowsley, St. Helens and Ashton-in-Makerfield had a population of 864,122 in 2011, which ranks sixth out of all UK conurbations. [7] Liverpool City Region had an estimated population of 1,554,642 in 2019.
While 84% of Liverpool's population is white, the city is one of the most important sites in the history of multiculturalism in the United Kingdom. Liverpool is home to Britain's oldest black community, dating to at least the 1730s, and some Liverpudlians are able to trace their black ancestors in the city back ten generations. [8] Early black settlers in the city included seamen, the children of traders sent to be educated, and freed slaves (since slaves entering the country after 1722 were deemed free men). [9]
The city is also home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe; the first residents of the city's Chinatown arrived as seamen in the 19th century. [10] The gateway in Chinatown is also the largest gateway outside of China.
The city is also historically known for its large Irish and Welsh populations. [11] The Liverpool accent (Scouse) is thought to have been influenced by the arrival of Irish and Welsh immigrants. [12] Today, up to 50% of Liverpool's population is believed to have Irish ancestry.[ citation needed ] The influences of Irish and Welsh culture have given Liverpool's people traits usually associated with the Celtic fringes of the British Isles. [13]
The vast majority of Liverpool's ethnic minorities live within the inner city area, particularly in and around Toxteth. According to the 2001 census, 38% of the population of Granby, [14] 37% of Princes Park, [15] and 27% of Central [16] were from ethnic groups other than White British.
| Ethnic Group | 1991 [17] | 2001 [18] | 2011 [19] | 2021 [20] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| White: Total | 435,404 | 96.23% | 414,526 | 94.32% | 414,671 | 88.91% | 408,443 | 84.03% |
| White: British | – | – | 403,625 | 91.84% | 395,485 | 84.79% | 375,785 | 77.31% |
| White: Irish | 5,813 | 1.28% | 5,349 | 1.21% | 6,729 | 1.44% | 6,826 | 1.40% |
| White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller [note 1] | – | – | – | – | 185 | 0.04% | 501 | 0.10% |
| White: Roma [note 2] | – | – | – | – | 1,169 | 0.24% | ||
| White: Other | – | – | 5,552 | 1.26% | 12,272 | 2.63% | 24,162 | 4.97% |
| Asian or Asian British: Total | 6,358 | 1.41% | 9,962 | 2.26% | 19,403 | 4.16% | 27,767 | 5.71% |
| Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | 395 | 0.09% | 557 | 0.12% | 1,075 | 0.23% | 1,917 | 0.39% |
| Asian or Asian British: Chinese [note 3] | 3,337 | 0.73% | 5,143 | 1.17% | 7,978 | 1.71% | 8,841 | 1.82% |
| Asian or Asian British: Indian | 1,295 | 0.28% | 1,909 | 0.43% | 4,915 | 1.05% | 6,251 | 1.29% |
| Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | 630 | 0.14% | 1,050 | 0.23% | 1,999 | 0.42% | 3,673 | 0.76% |
| Asian or Asian British: Other Asian | 701 | 0.15% | 1,303 | 0.29% | 3,436 | 0.73% | 7,085 | 1.46% |
| Black or Black British: Total | 7,247 | 1.60% | 5,377 | 1.22% | 12,308 | 2.63% | 16,964 | 3.49% |
| Black or Black British: Caribbean | 1,495 | 0.33% | 1,083 | 0.24% | 1,467 | 0.31% | 1,493 | 0.31% |
| Black or Black British: African | 2,487 | 0.54% | 3,071 | 0.69% | 8,490 | 1.82% | 12,709 | 2.61% |
| Black or Black British: Other Black | 3,265 | 0.72% | 1,223 | 0.27% | 2,351 | 0.50% | 2,762 | 0.57% |
| Mixed: Total | – | – | 7,907 | 1.79% | 11,756 | 2.52% | 16,880 | 3.47% |
| Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | – | – | 2,308 | 0.52% | 3,473 | 0.74% | 4,127 | 0.85% |
| Mixed: White and Black African | – | – | 2,207 | 0.50% | 3,164 | 0.67% | 4,157 | 0.86% |
| Mixed: White and Asian | – | – | 1,352 | 0.31% | 2,283 | 0.48% | 3,662 | 0.75% |
| Mixed: Other Mixed | – | – | 2,040 | 0.46% | 2,836 | 0.61% | 4,934 | 1.02% |
| Other: Total | 3,441 | 0.76% | 1,701 | 0.38% | 8,277 | 1.77% | 16,034 | 3.30% |
| Other: Arab [note 1] | – | – | – | – | 5,629 | 1.21% | 8,312 | 1.71% |
| Other: Any other ethnic group | 3,441 | 0.76% | 1,701 | 0.38% | 2,648 | 0.56% | 7,722 | 1.59% |
| Total | 452,450 | 100% | 439,473 | 100% | 466,415 | 100% | 486,088 | 100% |
Per the above table, note that the census question regarding ethnicity was first asked in 1991.
This table shows the ethnicity of school children in Liverpool in the academic years from 2015/16 onwards.
| Ethnic group | School year [21] | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015/16 | 2016/17 | 2017/18 [note 4] | 2018/19 | 2019/20 | 2020/21 | 2021/22 | 2022/23 | 2023/24 | ||||||||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| White: Total | 49,302 | 82.0% | 49,653 | 81.2% | 57,744 | 79.9% | 58,002 | 79.1% | 58,396 | 78.3% | 58,423 | 77.6% | 58,538 | 76.2% | 58,242 | 74.9% | 57,324 | 72.9% |
| White: British | 46,441 | 77.3% | 46,500 | 76.1% | 53,627 | 74.2% | 53,473 | 72.9% | 53,635 | 71.9% | 53,606 | 71.2% | 53,493 | 69.6% | 52,960 | 68.1% | 51,971 | 66.1% |
| White: Irish | 200 | 0.3% | 212 | 0.3% | 272 | 0.4% | 285 | 0.4% | 284 | 0.4% | 284 | 0.4% | 310 | 0.4% | 307 | 0.4% | 296 | 0.4% |
| White: Roma | 60 | 0.1% | 67 | 0.1% | 127 | 0.2% | 179 | 0.2% | 219 | 0.3% | 172 | 0.2% | 228 | 0.3% | 248 | 0.3% | 263 | 0.3% |
| White: Traveller of Irish heritage | 34 | 0.1% | 37 | 0.1% | 56 | 0.1% | 66 | 0.1% | 89 | 0.1% | 65 | 0.1% | 73 | 0.1% | 76 | 0.1% | 75 | 0.1% |
| White: Any other White background | 2,567 | 4.3% | 2,837 | 4.6% | 3,662 | 5.1% | 3,999 | 5.5% | 4,169 | 5.6% | 4,296 | 5.7% | 4,434 | 5.8% | 4,651 | 6.0% | 4,719 | 6.0% |
| Asian / Asian British: Total | 2,924 | 4.9% | 3,137 | 5.1% | 3,988 | 5.5% | 4,081 | 5.6% | 4,200 | 5.6% | 4,278 | 5.7% | 4,670 | 6.1% | 5,152 | 6.6% | 5,603 | 7.1% |
| Asian: Indian | 610 | 1.0% | 688 | 1.1% | 865 | 1.2% | 892 | 1.2% | 883 | 1.2% | 879 | 1.2% | 980 | 1.3% | 1,192 | 1.5% | 1,467 | 1.9% |
| Asian: Pakistani | 398 | 0.7% | 406 | 0.7% | 515 | 0.7% | 541 | 0.7% | 594 | 0.8% | 638 | 0.8% | 682 | 0.9% | 772 | 1.0% | 835 | 1.1% |
| Asian: Bangladeshi | 294 | 0.5% | 302 | 0.5% | 354 | 0.5% | 364 | 0.5% | 376 | 0.5% | 377 | 0.5% | 389 | 0.5% | 409 | 0.5% | 443 | 0.6% |
| Asian: Chinese | 719 | 1.2% | 778 | 1.3% | 970 | 1.3% | 1,020 | 1.4% | 1,047 | 1.4% | 1,012 | 1.3% | 1,130 | 1.5% | 1,176 | 1.5% | 1,169 | 1.5% |
| Asian: Any other Asian background | 903 | 1.5% | 963 | 1.6% | 1,284 | 1.7% | 1,264 | 1.7% | 1,300 | 1.7% | 1,372 | 1.8% | 1,489 | 1.9% | 1,603 | 2.1% | 1,689 | 2.1% |
| Black / Black British: Total | 2,438 | 4.1% | 2,590 | 4.2% | 3,270 | 4.5% | 3,402 | 4.6% | 3,639 | 4.9% | 3,802 | 5.1% | 4,132 | 5.4% | 4,552 | 5.9% | 5,419 | 6.9% |
| Black: Black Caribbean | 71 | 0.1% | 92 | 0.2% | 100 | 0.1% | 96 | 0.1% | 102 | 0.1% | 104 | 0.1% | 108 | 0.1% | 122 | 0.2% | 121 | 0.2% |
| Black: Black African | 1,289 | 2.1% | 1,330 | 2.2% | 1,644 | 2.3% | 1,809 | 2.5% | 2,013 | 2.7% | 2,129 | 2.8% | 2,467 | 3.2% | 2,904 | 3.7% | 3,777 | 4.8% |
| Black: Any other Black background | 1,078 | 1.8% | 1,168 | 1.9% | 1,526 | 2.1% | 1,497 | 2.0% | 1,524 | 2.0% | 1,569 | 2.1% | 1,557 | 2.0% | 1,526 | 2.0% | 1,521 | 1.9% |
| Mixed / British Mixed | 2,996 | 5.0% | 3,147 | 5.1% | 3,931 | 5.4% | 4,055 | 5.5% | 4,189 | 5.6% | 4,281 | 5.7% | 4,459 | 5.8% | 4,553 | 5.9% | 4,727 | 6.0% |
| Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | 400 | 0.7% | 405 | 0.7% | 478 | 0.7% | 490 | 0.7% | 491 | 0.7% | 511 | 0.7% | 561 | 0.7% | 579 | 0.7% | 584 | 0.7% |
| Mixed: White and Black African | 527 | 0.9% | 523 | 0.9% | 655 | 0.9% | 682 | 0.9% | 675 | 0.9% | 705 | 0.9% | 733 | 1.0% | 724 | 0.9% | 780 | 1.0% |
| Mixed: White and Asian | 290 | 0.5% | 301 | 0.5% | 377 | 0.5% | 433 | 0.6% | 495 | 0.7% | 535 | 0.7% | 592 | 0.8% | 660 | 0.8% | 721 | 0.9% |
| Mixed: Any other Mixed background | 1,779 | 3.0% | 1,918 | 3.1% | 2,421 | 3.3% | 2,450 | 3.3% | 2,528 | 3.4% | 2,530 | 3.4% | 2,573 | 3.3% | 2,590 | 3.3% | 2,642 | 3.4% |
| Any other ethnic group | 2,023 | 3.4% | 2,144 | 3.5% | 2,892 | 4.0% | 3,272 | 4.5% | 3,587 | 4.8% | 3,766 | 5.0% | 4,145 | 5.4% | 4,413 | 5.7% | 4,598 | 5.8% |
| Unclassified | 419 | 0.7% | 446 | 0.7% | 503 | 0.7% | 505 | 0.7% | 581 | 0.8% | 732 | 1.0% | 865 | 1.1% | 879 | 1.1% | 1,011 | 1.3% |
| Total: | 60,102 | 100% | 61,117 | 100% | 72,292 | 100% | 73,317 | 100% | 74,592 | 100% | 75,282 | 100% | 76,809 | 100% | 77,791 | 100% | 78,682 | 100% |
The largest and most significant non-English ethnic and national groups in Liverpool are listed in alphabetical order below.
Afro-Caribbeans
Historically, and even today, the Afro-Caribbean population of Liverpool has been largely outnumbered by Black Africans. In 2009, just under 5,000 Liverpudlians were of Afro-Caribbean origin (most of these being of mixed White and Black origins). [22] This is compared to the 6,900 plus individuals of full or partial Black African origin in the city. [22] The International Organization for Migration estimates that Liverpool is home to between 1,000 and 2,000 Jamaicans, with the vast majority of these residing in Toxteth and Granby. [23] Some Black Africans in Liverpool can trace their ancestry back to the city's links with the slave trade, whilst Afro-Caribbeans are a fairly recent and emerging ethnic group. [24] By far the largest wave of Afro-Caribbean immigrants to the UK occurred in the 1940s and 1950s, when the British government encouraged people to come over and help contribute to the economy by taking up empty job vacancies. Despite being a relatively small community, Afro-Caribbeans have made a significant contribution to the history and culture of the city. There are numerous Afro-Caribbean-owned businesses and community centres in and around Toxteth and the Smithdown Road area.
Chinese
Liverpool is home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe. [10] According to 2009 estimates, 1.1% of Liverpool's population are of Chinese ethnicity (some 5,000 people). [25] Despite this, the IOM has estimated that the true number of Chinese people in Liverpool could range between 25,000 and 35,000. [26] The first presence of Chinese people in Liverpool dated back to the early 19th century, with the main influx arriving at the end of the 19th century. This was in part due to Alfred Holt and Company establishing the first commercial shipping line to focus on the China trade. From the 1890s onwards, small numbers of Chinese began to set up businesses catering to the Chinese sailors working on Holt's lines and others. Some of these men married working class British women, resulting in a number of British-born Eurasian Chinese being born during World War II in Liverpool. [27] Although the Chinese population in Liverpool is much smaller than it was mid-20th century, the city's Chinatown district has spread significantly since its first establishment, now taking up much of Berry Street. The 2001 census showed 1,542 Liverpudlians were born in the People's Republic of China and 1,228 in Hong Kong. [28] Liverpool has been twinned with China's largest city, Shanghai since 1999. [29]
Ghanaians
There is a strong presence of Ghanaians in Liverpool, with an estimated 9,000 individuals originating in the African nation living in the city. [30] Liverpool is a stronghold for overseas Ghanaian students; significant numbers study at the city's three universities, particularly Hope University. Hope works alongside the Ghanaian High Commission and has set up the 'High Value Scholarship for Ghana', which alongside the university's other scholarships has helped draw a large number of potential students from the African nation. [31]
Greeks
The Liverpool Greek community dates back over 180 years, and a group named the Liverpool Greek Society was established in 1996. [32] The first large wave of Greeks to the city occurred in 1821 after massacres of Greeks by Turkish invaders on the island of Chios. Significant numbers also came to work for the Ralli Brothers, who recruited 40,000 Greeks in cities worldwide including New York City, Geneva and Liverpool. [32] The Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas in Toxteth was built in 1870 and serves the local Greek community. There are estimated to be 2,500 Greek Cypriots in the Merseyside area, [33] whilst 3,000 Greeks are estimated to live to the west of the River Mersey in the Wirral area, Chester and North Wales. [34]
Irish
Following the start of the Great Irish Famine, two million Irish people migrated to Liverpool in the space of one decade, many of them subsequently departing for the United States. [35] By 1851, more than 20% of the population of Liverpool was Irish. [36] At the 2001 Census, 0.75% of the population were born in the Republic of Ireland, while 0.54% were born in Northern Ireland, [37] but up to 50% of Liverpudlians are thought to have some form of Irish ancestry.
Italians
Significant numbers of Italians first arrived in Liverpool in the 19th century. The main reason for Italians coming to the city was to embark on a journey from the port of Liverpool to the 'New World' in hope of a better life than in their native Italy. [38] Despite this many failed to complete the journey and actually remained in Liverpool, the largest numbers settling on and around Scotland Road, which soon became nicknamed 'Little Italy'. [38] Currently, some 3,000 Italians reside in Liverpool, although little over 200 were actually born in Italy. [39] [40] There is an Italian Consulate located on the west side of the Mersey in Birkenhead adjacent to the Queensway Tunnel. [41]
Latin Americans
Liverpool and the surrounding urban area is home to UK's largest Latin American community outside London. [42] [43] Although significant migration from Latin America to the United Kingdom only began in the 1970s, at a time of much political turmoil and civil unrest in Latin America, Liverpool's Latin American community has seen a large increase in size during the mid-2000s. [42] The majority of these people originate from Bolivia, Colombia, Brazil and Peru. [42] Liverpool City Council and other local services offer information and help in Spanish and Portuguese due to the city's large Latin American population. [44] The University of Liverpool is one of the few educational facilities in the country that teaches Latin American studies. [45] Amongst the most famous Latin Americans in Liverpool are the numerous expatriate footballers who play for the city's professional football clubs. Liverpool F.C.'s current first team includes three Brazilians. [46] Liverpool has friendship links with Havana, Cuba, La Plata, Argentina and Valparaiso, Chile. [29] Brazilica Festival is the UK's largest celebration of Brazilian culture and has been held annually in Liverpool since 2008. [47]
Malaysians
The IOM has stated that around 9,000 Malaysians live in the city which makes it one of the largest such communities in the country. [48] They are the second largest East Asian group in Liverpool. There are also an estimated 1,500 Vietnamese residing in the city. [49]
Somalis
Somalis number in the thousands in Liverpool, and are one of the city's longest established ethnic minority groups. According to the 2001 census, 678 Somali-born individuals were living in Liverpool, [50] but unofficial estimates place the figure between 4,000 and 9,000 inhabitants. [51] [52] While many Somalis arrived in Liverpool seeking asylum after the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991, there has been a presence of Somalis in the city since the 19th century, when many came to Liverpool to work for the British Navy, [52] often by way of the former British Somaliland protectorate. [52] Today, Liverpool City Council and local services offer information and help in the Somali language (this is alongside information in English and 15 other common languages in Liverpool). [44] The majority of Liverpool's Somali community reside in Toxteth, where there are numerous Somali-run businesses and community groups. In 2004, a local social worker, Mohamed "Jimmy" Ali, became the UK's first Somali councillor, although he has since lost his seat. [53]
South Asians
Like most British cities, Liverpool has a strong presence of South Asians. 2007 estimates put the number of people of Indian origin in the city at 6,700, Pakistanis at 3,200, Bangladeshis at 1,100. Some 2,000 people belonged to other South Asian groups whilst a further 2,000 individuals were of mixed South Asian and European origin. [22] Bengali and Urdu are amongst the most common foreign languages spoken in Liverpool. [44] The South Asian population of Liverpool is one of the city's fastest growing ethnic groups; in 2001 some 5,000 South Asians were residing in the city (1.1% of the local population). Over the next eight years, the community more than doubled in size to 13,000 (3% of the local population, which is actually much lower than England's average of 6%). [22]
The Indian presence in Liverpool dates back to 1860s, although these people only tended to be sailors and tradesmen. [54] However, around 1910 a group of Indian males from the Punjab region of India moved to Liverpool and established the city's first fixed community. During World War I, many more came to Liverpool to look for work while numerous more came to the city after India was granted independence in 1947. [54] Two other significant waves of Indians to the city occurred when India was split into two separate countries (the other now known as Pakistan), the mass exodus of Indians from Kenya in the 1970s further added to Liverpool's long established South Asian community. [55] Historically, the first place Indians and fellow South Asians looked for work were the docks of Liverpool. It was a hard living with little pay and the fact that they spoke little to no English made it even harder. [54] They were proud people and working in oppressive conditions for people who were considered 'higher up', leading to many ending their jobs at the docks and seeking work elsewhere. [54] Eventually, large numbers of Indians in Liverpool set up their own businesses. Many began to work for themselves as street peddlers, entertainers and fortune tellers. The hours were long, but being their own boss appealed to many South Asians (a thought which is still maintained to this day). [54]
Welsh
In 1813, 10% of Liverpool's population was Welsh, leading to the city becoming known as "the capital of North Wales". [11] [56] 120,000 Welsh people migrated from Wales to Liverpool between 1851 and 1911. [57] At the 2001 Census, 1.17% of the population were Welsh-born. [37]
There are a number of people who use the Welsh language as their first language in Liverpool.[ citation needed ]
Yemenis
Liverpool, like several other port cities (such as South Shields, Cardiff and Kingston upon Hull), has had a strong presence of Yemeni people for centuries. [58] After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, an increase of trade between Britain and the Far East meant that more men had to be recruited to work in ports and on ships. [58] Aden in Yemen was the main refuelling point for the vast majority of ships sailing this route, which led to many locals taking up jobs in the field. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries many of these seamen moved ashore and set up home in the likes of Liverpool. [58] Yemenis (who are most likely Liverpool's largest Arab group) alongside Somalis are the two largest Muslim groups in the city and worship at Liverpool's three main mosques (including the Al-Rahma mosque). [59] It is unknown exactly how many Yemenis and people of Yemeni descent live in Liverpool, due to the fact that Yemeni ethnic/national origin couldn't be stated in the 2001 census. Despite this, the 'Arab' ethnic option was added to the 2011 UK Census. [60] Many Yemenis in the city are noted for running newsagents and corner shops, the number of which is estimated to be approximately 400 in 2008. [61]
Zimbabweans
People originating in Zimbabwe are another large Black African group in Liverpool; they are thought to number no fewer than 3,000. [62]
The following table shows the 20 largest ethnic groups as identified by the residents of Liverpool in the 2021 census. [63]
| Ethnicity | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| 1. White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British | 375,766 | 77.30% |
| 2. Asian: Chinese | 8,841 | 1.82% |
| 3. Other: Arab | 8,312 | 1.71% |
| 4. White: Irish | 6,826 | 1.40% |
| 5. Asian: Indian | 6,251 | 1.29% |
| 6. Black: African unspecified | 5,481 | 1.13% |
| 7. White: Polish | 4,533 | 0.93% |
| 8. White: European Mixed | 4,450 | 0.92% |
| 9. Mixed: White and Black African | 4,157 | 0.86% |
| 10. Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | 4,127 | 0.85% |
| 11. Asian: Pakistani | 3,673 | 0.76% |
| 12. Mixed: White and Asian | 3,662 | 0.75% |
| 13. Black: Nigerian | 2,305 | 0.47% |
| 14. White: Romanian | 2,061 | 0.42% |
| 15. Other: Kurdish | 1,950 | 0.40% |
| 16. Asian: Bangladeshi | 1,917 | 0.39% |
| 17. Black: Black British | 1,829 | 0.38% |
| 18. Black: Caribbean | 1,481 | 0.30% |
| 19. Mixed: Other Mixed | 1,392 | 0.29% |
| 20. White: Other White, White unspecified | 1,365 | 0.28% |
These detailed ethnicities are based on the self-designation entries used in UK ethnicity classifications. It is important to recognise that people of one ethnicity, such as Iranians, may identify within different broad ethnicity classifications which will affect this table. For example, 856 people identified as 'Asian: Iranian' in Liverpool, with a further 637 people identifying as 'Other: Iranian'. This combination would put Iranian as a top 20 ethnicity in Liverpool.
The country of birth of residents in Liverpool by year is shown below
| Country of birth | 2001 [64] | 2011 [65] | 2021 [66] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Europe | 426,196 | 97.0% | 435,790 | 93.4% | 442,189 | 91.0% |
 United Kingdom | 418,679 | 95.3% | 420,290 | 90.1% | 413,636 | 85.1% |
 England | 407,769 | 92.8% | 407,334 | 87.3% | 399,358 | 82.2% |
 Scotland | 3,376 | 0.8% | 3,196 | 0.7% | 2,983 | 0.6% |
 Wales | 5,133 | 1.2% | 4,771 | 1.0% | 5,638 | 1.2% |
 Northern Ireland | 2,375 | 0.5% | 4,948 | 1.1% | 5,640 | 1.2% |
| Great Britain (not otherwise specified) | – | – | 11 | 0.0% | 3 | 0.0% |
| United Kingdom (not otherwise specified) | 26 | 0.0% | 30 | 0.0% | 14 | 0.0% |
| Other Europe | 7,517 | 1.7% | 15,500 | 3.3% | 28,553 | 5.9% |
 EU countries [note 5] | 6,035 | 1.4% | 13,901 | 3.0% | 25,503 | 5.2% |
| EU Member Countries in March 2001 | 6,035 | 1.4% | 7,453 | 1.6% | 10,794 | 2.2% |
 Ireland | 3,291 | 0.8% | 3,294 | 0.7% | 2,720 | 0.6% |
 France | 389 | 0.1% | 512 | 0.1% | 578 | 0.1% |
 Germany | 1,003 | 0.2% | 1,289 | 0.3% | 1,176 | 0.2% |
 Italy | 240 | 0.1% | 489 | 0.1% | 1,973 | 0.4% |
 Portugal (including Madeira and the Azores) | 76 | 0.0% | 250 | 0.1% | 803 | 0.2% |
 Spain (including Canary Islands | 286 | 0.1% | 610 | 0.1% | 1,731 | 0.4% |
| Other EU member countries in March 2001 | 750 | 0.2% | 1,009 | 0.2% | 1,813 | 0.4% |
| EU Countries that joined March 2001-March 2011 | – | – | 6,448 | 1.4% | 14,649 | 3.0% |
 Lithuania | – | – | 531 | 0.1% | 1,024 | 0.2% |
 Poland | 131 | 0.0% | 3,531 | 0.8% | 5,652 | 1.2% |
 Romania | 41 | 0.0% | 246 | 0.1% | 3,493 | 0.7% |
| Other Countries that joined the EU March 2001-March 2011 | – | – | 2,140 | 0.5% | 4,480 | 0.9% |
| EU Countries that joined March 2011-March 2021 | – | – | – | – | 60 | 0.0% |
 Croatia | – | – | – | – | 60 | 0.0% |
| Rest of Europe | – | – | 1,237 [note 6] | 0.3% | 3,050 | 0.6% |
 Turkey | 162 | 0.0% | 354 | 0.1% | 815 | 0.2% |
| Other Rest of Europe | – | – | 883 | 0.2% | 2,235 | 0.5% |
| Africa | 3,311 | 0.8% | 8,886 | 1.9% | 11,145 | 2.3% |
| North Africa | 513 | 0.1% | 1,227 | 0.3% | 2,550 | 0.5% |
| Central and Western Africa | 970 | 0.2% | 3,374 | 0.7% | 4,323 | 0.9% |
 Ghana | – | – | 479 | 0.1% | 570 | 0.1% |
 Nigeria | 579 | 0.1% | 1,951 | 0.4% | 2,545 | 0.5% |
| Other Central and Western Africa | 391 | 0.1% | 944 | 0.2% | 1,208 | 0.2% |
| South and Eastern Africa | 1,828 | 0.4% | 4,239 | 0.9% | 4,251 | 0.9% |
 Kenya | 167 | 0.0% | 387 | 0.1% | 266 | 0.1% |
 Somalia | 678 | 0.2% | 1,249 | 0.3% | 1,072 | 0.2% |
 South Africa | 363 | 0.1% | 593 | 0.1% | 575 | 0.1% |
 Zimbabwe | 148 | 0.0% | 1,070 | 0.2% | 809 | 0.2% |
| Other South and Eastern Africa | 472 | 0.1% | 940 | 0.2% | 1,529 | 0.3% |
| Middle East and Asia | 9,480 | 2.2% | 18,747 | 4.0% | 26,360 | 5.4% |
| Middle East | 1,641 | 0.4% | 5,416 | 1.2% | 9,428 | 1.9% |
 Iran | 234 | 0.1% | 763 | 0.2% | 1,927 | 0.4% |
 Iraq | 335 | 0.1% | – | – | 1,978 | 0.4% |
| Other Middle East | 1,072 | 0.2% | 4,653 | 1.0% | 5,523 | 1.1% |
| Eastern Asia | – | – | 5,810 | 1.2% | 6,328 | 1.3% |
 China | 1,542 | 0.4% | 4,640 | 1.0% | 4,775 | 1.0% |
 Hong Kong | 1,228 | 0.3% | 926 | 0.2% | 1,237 | 0.3% |
| Other Eastern Asia | – | – | 244 | 0.1% | 316 | 0.1% |
| Southern Asia | 1,948 | 0.4% | 5,480 | 1.2% | 7,966 | 1.6% |
 Afghanistan | 40 | 0.0% | – | – | 410 | 0.1% |
 Bangladesh | 310 | 0.1% | 552 | 0.1% | 835 | 0.2% |
 India | 992 | 0.2% | 3,082 | 0.7% | 3,592 | 0.7% |
 Pakistan | 387 | 0.1% | 1,023 | 0.2% | 1,752 | 0.4% |
 Sri Lanka | 207 | 0.0% | 575 | 0.1% | 1,185 | 0.2% |
| Other Southern Asia | 12 | 0.0% | 248 | 0.1% | 192 | 0.0% |
| South-East Asia | – | – | 2,012 | 0.4% | 2,592 | 0.5% |
 Malaysia | 378 | 0.1% | – | – | 595 | 0.1% |
 Philippines | – | – | 580 | 0.1% | 875 | 0.2% |
 Singapore | 144 | 0.0% | – | – | 171 | 0.0% |
| Other South-East Asia | – | – | 1,432 | 0.3% | 951 | 0.2% |
| Central Asia | 14 | 0.0% | 29 | 0.0% | 46 | 0.0% |
| The Americas and the Caribbean | 1,510 | 0.3% | 2,410 | 0.5% | 5,766 | 1.2% |
| North America | 737 | 0.2% | 1,104 | 0.2% | 1,426 | 0.3% |
 United States | 435 | 0.1% | 726 | 0.2% | 1,050 | 0.2% |
 Canada | 245 | 0.1% | – | – | 310 | 0.1% |
| Other North America | 57 | 0.0% | 378 | 0.1% | 66 | 0.0% |
| Central America | – | – | 136 | 0.0% | 279 | 0.1% |
| South America | 284 | 0.1% | 506 | 0.1% | 3,555 | 0.7% |
| The Caribbean | 489 | 0.1% | 664 | 0.1% | 506 | 0.1% |
 Jamaica | 202 | 0.0% | 239 | 0.1% | 173 | 0.0% |
| Other Caribbean | 287 | 0.1% | 425 | 0.1% | 333 | 0.1% |
| Antarctica and Oceania | 418 | 0.1% | 581 | 0.1% | 628 | 0.1% |
 Australia | 267 | 0.1% | 383 | 0.1% | 431 | 0.1% |
 New Zealand | 107 | 0.0% | – | – | 146 | 0.0% |
| Other Antarctica and Oceania | 22 | 0.0% | 198 | 0.0% | 51 | 0.0% |
| Other | 221 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.0% | 2 | 0.0% |
| Total | 439,473 | 100% | 466,415 | 100% | 486,090 | 100% |
The most common main languages spoken in Liverpool according to the 2021 census are shown below. [67]
| Rank | Language | Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | 425,452 | 90.44% |
| 2 | Arabic | 5,743 | 1.22% |
| 3 | Polish | 4,809 | 1.02% |
| 4 | All other Chinese [note 7] | 3,326 | 0.71% |
| 5 | Portuguese | 3,283 | 0.70% |
| 6 | Romanian | 3,063 | 0.65% |
| 7 | Spanish | 2,145 | 0.46% |
| 8 | Kurdish | 2,084 | 0.44% |
| 9 | Persian/Farsi | 1,460 | 0.31% |
| 10 | Italian | 1,429 | 0.30% |
| 11 | Cantonese | 1,202 | 0.26% |
| 12 | Tamil | 1,039 | 0.22% |
| 13 | Malayalam | 853 | 0.18% |
| 14 | Greek | 800 | 0.17% |
| 15 | Hungarian | 795 | 0.17% |
| 16 | Czech | 734 | 0.16% |
| 17 | Urdu | 717 | 0.15% |
| =18 | Lithuanian | 698 | 0.15% |
| =18 | Turkish | 698 | 0.15% |
| 20 | Bulgarian | 694 | 0.15% |
| – | Other | 9,415 | 2.00% |
| Population | 470,439 | 100.00% |
Due to thousands of migrants and sailors passing through Liverpool over the centuries, the city now has a religious diversity which is reflected in its equally diverse collection of religious buildings. At the time of the 2001 census, 79.5% of the city's population were Christian, 1.4% were Muslim, 0.6% were Jewish, 0.3% were Buddhist, 0.3% were Hindu, and 0.1% were Sikh. Just over 0.1% of individuals collectively belonged to other faiths whilst 9.7% claimed to be non-religious and 8.1% opted not to reveal their religion. [68]
| Religion | 2001 [69] | 2011 [70] | 2021 [71] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Buddhism | 1,198 | 0.27% | 2,017 | 0.43% | 2,128 | 0.44% |
| Christianity | 349,279 | 79.48% | 331,217 | 71.01% | 278,330 | 57.26% |
| Hinduism | 1,147 | 0.26% | 2,437 | 0.52% | 3,802 | 0.78% |
| Islam | 5,945 | 1.35% | 15,209 | 3.26% | 25,756 | 5.30% |
| Judaism | 2,698 | 0.61% | 2,157 | 0.46% | 1,807 | 0.37% |
| No Religion | 42,515 | 9.67% | 82,701 | 17.73% | 142,994 | 29.42% |
| Sikhism | 404 | 0.09% | 531 | 0.11% | 641 | 0.13% |
| Other Religion | 556 | 0.13% | 1,122 | 0.24% | 1,991 | 0.41% |
| Undeclared | 35,731 | 8.13% | 29,024 | 6.22% | 28,639 | 5.89% |
| Total | 439,473 | 100% | 466,415 | 100% | 486,088 | 100% |
Per the above table, note that the census question regarding religion was first asked in 2001 and response is voluntary.
The parish church of Liverpool is the Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas, an Anglican church which has existed near the waterfront since 1257. Though it is Anglican, it regularly plays host to Catholic masses.[ citation needed ] Other notable Christian places of worship include the Church of St Nicholas (Greek Orthodox) and the Gustav Adolf Church (Lutheranism). The Church of St Luke was bombed by the Nazis in the Liverpool Blitz during World War II and has been abandoned ever since, though it has become a noted tourist attraction as its damage was never fixed and the roof is still missing entirely, earning it the local nickname of the "bombed-out church". [72]
Liverpool's wealth as a port city enabled the construction of two enormous cathedrals, both dating from the 20th century. The Anglican Cathedral, which was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and plays host to the annual Liverpool Shakespeare Festival, is the fifth largest cathedral in the world. The Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral was initially planned to be even larger. Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, only the crypt was completed. The cathedral was eventually built to a simpler design by Sir Frederick Gibberd; while this is on a smaller scale than Lutyens' original design, it boasts the largest panel of stained glass in the world. The road running between the two cathedrals is called Hope Street, a coincidence which is often commented on positively by both Anglicans and Catholics.
Liverpool had one of the earliest mosques in Britain, founded in 1887 by William Abdullah Quilliam, a lawyer who had converted to Islam. This mosque, which was also the first in England, no longer exists. [73] Plans have been ongoing to re-convert the building where the mosque once stood into a museum. [74] Currently, there are four mosques in Liverpool: the largest and main one, Al-Rahma Mosque, in the Toxteth area of the city and a mosque recently opened in the Mossley Hill suburb. The third mosque was also opened in Toxteth. Multimillion-pound plans to refurbish and restore the city's first mosque were revealed in January 2010. [75] In 2018, the Bait-ul-Lateef Mosque opened on Breck Road in Everton, owned by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association of Liverpool, making it the fourth mosque to be currently operating in the city.
Records of Liverpool's Jewish community date back to the 1750s, [76] and it became the largest Jewish community in northern England during the 1800s. [77] It is believed that Jewish refugees were welcomed and accepted much more easily than in most other English cities, prompting them to encourage their descendants to remain in the city for generations. [77] The Jewish population reached up to 11,000 in the past, but this dwindled due to the common practice of moving elsewhere for work, and the current number is around 3,000. [77] Most Jews reside in the southern areas of the city, primarily in the suburbs of Allerton and Childwall, each of which has its own Orthodox synagogue. [77]
The most notable synagogue is the Orthodox Princes Road Synagogue in the Toxteth district, which is widely considered to be the best of the UK's Moorish Revival synagogues and one of the finest buildings in Liverpool. [78] Consecrated in 1874, its congregation also pioneered the use of the English language in Jewish services. [79] Another Orthodox synagogue, Greenbank Drive Synagogue in the Mossley Hill suburb, operated from 1937 until 2008. [80] The city's Reform Jews congregate at Liverpool Reform Synagogue in the Wavertree district, which was consecrated in 1962, [81] while there is also a Masorti community in the Woolton suburb. [82] Other Jewish institutions include the Lubavitch Foundation in Allerton, [83] King David High School in Wavertree, [84] and the Merseyside Jewish Community Care charity on Smithdown Road. [85]
Notable Liverpudlian Jews include entrepreneur Brian Epstein, who managed the Beatles; [86] actor Jason Isaacs, whose great-grandparents co-founded the Jewish community in Childwall; [87] businessman David Lewis, who founded the Lewis's department store chain and left much money after his death for the construction of what would become some of the city's most important hospitals and philanthropic institutions; [88] Lewis's chairman Harold Cohen, who funded the construction of the University of Liverpool's Harold Cohen Library; [77] and rabbi Isser Yehuda Unterman, who was Chief Rabbi of Liverpool for 22 years before becoming Chief Rabbi of Israel. [89]
The Duldzin Buddhist Centre and Kadampa Meditation Centre is located in the Aigburth suburb and focuses on Kadampa Buddhism. [79]
Liverpool's Hindu community is served by a Mandir on Edge Lane, which also hosts the Radha Krishna Hindu Temple and the Hindu Cultural Organisation.
Liverpool is a cathedral city, port city, and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. It had a population of 496,770 in 2022. The city is located on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary, adjacent to the Irish Sea, and is approximately 178 miles (286 km) northwest of London. Liverpool is the fifth largest city in the United Kingdom and the largest settlement in Merseyside. It is part of the Liverpool City Region, a combined authority with a population of over 1.5 million.
The Metropolitan Borough of Bury is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. It is north of Manchester, to the east of Bolton and west of Rochdale. The borough is centred around the town of Bury but also includes other towns such as Ramsbottom, Tottington, Radcliffe, Whitefield and Prestwich. Bury bounds the Lancashire districts of Rossendale and Blackburn with Darwen to the north. With a population of 194,606 in 2022, it is the smallest borough in Greater Manchester.
The Al-Rahma Mosque is a mosque located on Hatherley Street in Toxteth, Liverpool, England, which can accommodate between 2,000 and 2,500 people and serves as the main place of worship and focus point for Liverpool's Muslim population, estimated at 25,000 people.
The Demographics of Montreal concern population growth and structure for Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The information is analyzed by Statistics Canada and compiled every five years, with the most recent census having taken place in 2021.
Islam is the second-largest religion in the United Kingdom, with results from the 2021 Census recording just under four million Muslims, or 6.0% of the total population in the United Kingdom. London has the largest population and greatest proportion (15%) of Muslims in the country. The vast majority of British Muslims in the United Kingdom adhere to Sunni Islam, while smaller numbers are associated with Shia Islam.
The United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse society. The largest ethnic group in the United Kingdom is White British, followed by Asian British. Ethnicity in the United Kingdom is formally recorded at the national level through a census. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded a reduced share of White British people in the United Kingdom from the previous 2001 United Kingdom census. Factors that are contributing to the growth of minority populations are varied in nature, including differing birth rates and Immigration.
According to the 2010 Census, the racial makeup of Denver is 68.9% White, 10.2% Black or African American, 3.4% Asian, 1.4% American Indian or Native Alaskan, 0.1% Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, and 4.1% two or more races, with 31.8% of Hispanic or Latino origin.
British Jews are British citizens who are Jewish. The number of people who identified as Jews in the United Kingdom rose by just under 4% between 2001 and 2021.
Islam in Wales is a minority faith followed by 2.1% of the population of Wales, making Islam the second most practiced religion in the country after Christianity.
The latest (2022) population estimate for the City of Sheffield is 566,242 residents. This represents an increase of about 17,000 people since the last census in 2011.
Somalis in the United Kingdom include British citizens and residents born in or with ancestors from Somalia. The United Kingdom (UK) is home to the largest Somali community in Europe, with an estimated 108,000 Somali-born immigrants residing in the UK in 2018 according to the Office for National Statistics. The majority of these live in England, with the largest number found in London. Smaller Somali communities exist in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Leicester, Milton Keynes, Sheffield and Cardiff.
Religion in England is characterised by a variety of beliefs and practices that has historically been dominated by Christianity. Christianity remains the largest religion, though it makes up less than half of the population. As of the 2021 census, there is an increasing variety of beliefs, with irreligious people outnumbering each of the other religions. The Church of England is the nation's established state church, whose supreme governor is the monarch. Other Christian traditions in England include Roman Catholicism, Methodism, Presbyterianism, Mormonism, and the Baptists. After Christianity, the religions with the most adherents are Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, Buddhism, modern paganism, and the Bahá'í Faith. There are also organisations promoting irreligion, including humanism and atheism. According to the 2021 census, Shamanism is the fastest growing religion in England.
California is the most populous US state, with an estimated population of 38.9 million as of 2023. It has people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national, and religious backgrounds.
Islam in England is the second largest religion after Christianity. Most Muslims are immigrants from South Asia or descendants of immigrants from that region. Many others are from Muslim-dominated regions such as the Middle East, Afghanistan, Malaysia and Somalia, and other parts of African countries such as Nigeria, Uganda and Sierra Leone. There are also many White Muslims in the country, of which most have Slavic and Balkan backgrounds, as well as some ethnic English converts.
The Somali diaspora or Qurbajoogta refers to Somalis who were born in Greater Somalia and reside in areas of the world that they were not born in. The civil war in Somalia greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many Somalis moved from Greater Somalia primarily to Europe, North America, Oceania and South Africa. There are also small Somali populations in Asia. The UN estimates that in 2015, approximately 2 million people from Somalia were living outside of the country's borders.
The English county of Cumbria is located in North West England and has a population of 496,200. Cumbria has an area of 6,768 km², making the county England's third largest county, and with only 73 inhabitants per km², it is the country's second least densely populated county. People from Cumbria are known as Cumbrians and they speak a variety of the Cumbrian dialect to the north, whilst a Lancashire accent is more prominent in the south. Along with Lancashire to the south, Cumbria is bordered with Scotland to the north, the Irish Sea to the west, Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east and North Yorkshire to the south-east.
London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom, has become one of the most ethnically diverse and multicultural cities in the world.
This article presents the historical demographics of Cardiff, capital city of Wales in the United Kingdom.
Database (WCD) 2010 and International Religious Freedom Report for 2012 of the U.S. Department of State. The article Religions by country has a sortable table from the Pew Forum report.
Greater London is an administrative area in England, coterminous with the London region, containing most of the continuous urban area of London. It contains 33 local government districts: the 32 London boroughs, which form a ceremonial county also called Greater London, and the City of London. The Greater London Authority is responsible for strategic local government across the region, and regular local government is the responsibility of the borough councils and the City of London Corporation. Greater London is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Hertfordshire to the north, Essex to the north-east, Kent to the south-east, Surrey to the south, and Berkshire and Buckinghamshire to the west.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)