2 May 1670: Charles II (England) charters Hudson's Bay Company in London. Underwritten by a group of English merchants, HBC is granted trade rights over Rupert's Land—i.e., all territory draining into Hudson Bay. No treaties or compensation to the First Nations there (mostly Ojibwe, Cree peoples) until the late 19th and early 20th centuries; no treaties ever made on large expanse east of Bay.[1][2][3]
1671-84: HBC Forts at mouths of Bay rivers: Moose 1671; Severn 1680; Albany 1683; York, finally on Hayes.[4]
1672: Colonial postal officials employ Aboriginal couriers to carry mail between New York City and Albany; winter weather is too severe for white couriers.[6]
1675-76: Bacon's Rebellion—Third major war between Virginia settlers and Virginia and Maryland Native Americans. Bacon's army kills and enslaves Susquehannock, Occaneechi, Appomatuck, Manakin, members of Powhattan Confederacy. Bacon leads brief rebellion against English Crown authority when his English military murderer commission is rescinded because of excessive brutalities.[15]
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