1769 in Canada

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1769
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Events from the year 1769 in Canada.

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Historical documents

"Small-Pox rages here with great Violence" - 6-7 die in Montreal most days, but Canadians' approval of inoculation gives hope "Fatality will soon cease" [2]

Contents

Attorney general suggests ways (rejected by Gov. Carleton) to mix British law with French laws that are "most necessary to [Canadians'] satisfaction" [3]

Maseres dissents from governor's advice to revive French laws because British goal is "to assimilate [Quebec] in religion, laws, and government" [4]

Board of Trade's recommendations to Privy Council committee for Quebec provincial assembly, justice system, ecclesiastical affairs, and revenue [5]

Bread bakers must commit to baking year-round by laying in flour supply for when poor roads prevent grain delivery, and not halting when profits are low [6]

Letter to John Wilkes from John Adams, James Otis, Samuel Adams and others ("Sons of Liberty") on Canada's place in assault on American rights [7]

To be sold: "Likely Negro Fellow [who] understands Cooking, waiting at Table, and Houshold-work, &c. &c." and speaks English and French [8]

Gabrielle Joncaire says not to buy land swindled from her by her husband, who also imprisoned her and caused her "to make off for New-England" [9]

Call for proposals to supply and/or make repairs to Quebec City buildings, listing items of various types and materials, and standards of workmanship [10]

Surgeon of 8th Regiment at Quebec City, having inoculated 630 people "with the usual Success," assures public recent smallpox death was "Natural" [11]

Whooping cough "extremely fatal" to children in Montreal, who should be bled and given gentle purgative "sweetened with the Sugar of the Country" [12]

To end priests' influence over "ignorant Natives," French clergy must be replaced with vigorous Protestants (Note: stereotypes of Indigenous people) [13]

Troubling news "of an Intended Indian War" at Detroit and elsewhere, and "unwearied malicious Attempts" of French from Mississippi River [14]

Chief Massigihash asks Detroit commander for compassion, requesting especially return to them of Ojibwes' "father," Lt. Sinclair; Capt. Turnbull replies [15]

Major Robert Rogers acquitted of all charges, but his "improper and dangerous correspondence" and later notion to escape raised suspicions [16]

Over 100 families gone "to settle themselves on Beaver Island, situated in the middle of Lake Ontario, abounding with the finest furrs of all Canada" [17]

Navy commanders to watch for "great cargoes" of European goods smuggled in French fishing boats to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton [18]

Local Indigenous people, though few, cause Nova Scotia to fail, but can be defeated by nearby First Nations (Note: stereotypes of Indigenous people) [19]

"----- Quine, and Flora a Negro Women [sic], were lately tried, convicted, and sentenced to receive 25 Lashes at the Public Whipping-Post, for stealing" [20]

House of Assembly journal shows progress of bill "for preventing the Exportation of Wheat, Rye, Barley, Flour, Meal, or Pease" during grain shortage [21]

Assembly tells Council that shortfall preventing payment of government debts can't be cleared by taxes that people can't pay, and so frugality must do [22]

Notice that Earl of Egmont is about to settle his 100,000-acre township on Shubenacadie and Wilmot rivers, which is 15 miles from Halifax [23]

Midwife Eleanor Fallon asks Assembly pay for services to poor women of Halifax, who without her "wou'd be distress'd in a very great degree" (denied) [24]

Halifax man has house of "entertainment" with "Chop-House," baking facility for ladies' orders, stables and slaughterhouse, and large assembly room [25]

Halifax notary public will draw up assignments, acquitances, certificates of bankrupts, bargains and sales, bonds, jointures, affidavits, warrants etc. [26]

Front-page essay on frugality, "so necessary to the happiness of the world" [27]

Incoming St. John's Island lieutenant governor receives paternal advice comprising impartiality, disinterest, moderation, generosity and good manners [28]

Four ships of the line and other Royal Navy craft will "protect the Newfoundland fishery in its full extent" from French disregarding Treaty of Paris terms [29]

New Newfoundland governor will be better than previous, who was of "disservice to the fishery" because of his attachment to initial "false opinion" of it [30]

Newfoundland trader glad he forbid heating turpentine in his fireplace, as it took fire elsewhere, which would be "of Shocking Consequence" for him [31]

Hudson's Bay Company criticized for failing to expand on its initial success by opening opportunity to others for investment and increase of its trade [32]

Having failed in first expedition from Hudson Bay, Samuel Hearne blames "desertion," "embezzlement," and "villany" of Indigenous people with him [33]

Churchill River people at Hudson Bay seem melancholy but good-natured, very honest, "remarkably clever in repartees" and "converse extremely well" [34]

Intense January cold in cabin on Churchill River freezes bedding to bed frame and disturbs sleep hourly with loud cracking of house timbers [35]

Notice of death of Edmond Hoyle, "well known in the polite world for writing[...]on the games of Whist, Quadrille, Piquet, Chess and Blackgammon" [36]

"How long we may[...]carry on a friendly communication, will become a question, as the sword of civil war seems ready to start from the scabbard" [37]

America not ripe for rebellion, as even Bostonians don't insult occupying troops, though all British forces "would be nothing" in Americans' hands [38]

"Wise Men suffer, good men grieve; Knaves invent, and Fools believe; Help, O Lord! send Aid unto us, Or fools and Knaves will quite undo us." [39]

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References

  1. ↑ "Kings and Queens of Canada". aem. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  2. ↑ "Montreal, October 2", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 250 (October 12, 1769), 3rd pg. (See also mid-November news of 42 dying in previous week in Montreal) Accessed 16 June 2022
  3. ↑ "A Draught of An Intended Report of the[...]Governor in Chief and the Council of the Province of Quebec[...]concerning The State of the Laws and the Administration of Justice[....]" (submitted February 27, 1769), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 228-58 (PDF frames 242-72). Accessed 17 June 2022
  4. ↑ Francis Maseres, "Number II; The Opinion of the Attorney General(...)concerning the Report made by (Gov.) Carleton(...)Concerning The State of the Laws and the Administration of Justice in (Quebec)" (September 11, 1769), A Collection of Several Commissions, and Other Public Instruments[....] (1772), pgs. 50-7. Accessed 7 June 2022
  5. ↑ "Report of Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations Relative to the State of the Province of Quebec" (July 10, 1769), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 263-74 (PDF frames 277-88). Accessed 17 June 2022
  6. ↑ "An Ordinance, concerning Bakers[....]", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 233 (June 15, 1769), 1st-3rd pgs. Accessed 16 June 2022
  7. ↑ "Committee of the Boston Sons of Liberty to John Wilkes" (November 4, 1769), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 17 June 2022
  8. ↑ "To Be Sold, for no Fault[....]", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 243 (August 24, 1769), 2nd pg. (See also "Run-away" notice for "Negro Woman, named Susannah") Accessed 16 June 2022
  9. ↑ "Gabrielle Joncaire[....]", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 233 (June 15, 1769), 3rd pg. Accessed 16 June 2022
  10. ↑ "Whereas there are several Repairs[....]", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 229 (May 18, 1769), 3rd pg. Accessed 16 June 2022
  11. ↑ "Mr. Latham, Surgeon[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 215 (February 9, 1769), 3rd pg. (See details in October 6, 1768 Quebec Gazette Note: other mentions include different numbers of inoculated) Accessed 15 June 2022 (See also "We hear from Quebec" that Latham's method "neither confines the Patient to their Houses, nor hinders them from doing their usual Occupations")
  12. ↑ "Montreal, November 13," The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 256 (November 23, 1769), 3rd pg. Accessed 16 June 2022
  13. ↑ (Alexander Cluny), Letter IX, The American Traveller: or, Observations on the Present State[...]of the British Colonies in America (1769), pgs. 46-8 Accessed 6 June 2022
  14. ↑ "Extract of a letter from Ontario, July 7" and "We can assure the Public," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 36 (August 29 - September 4, 1769), pg. 288 Accessed 13 June 2022
  15. ↑ "Detroit, April 29, 1769," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 31 (July 25 - August 1, 1769), pgs. 245-6 (See also "Detroit, April 29" for details of Ojibwe relationship with "Capt. Sinclair" (Note: "savages" used)) Accessed 10 June 2022
  16. ↑ "New York, June 26; Extract from General Orders, New York, May 8," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 29 (July 11–18, 1769), pg. 229 Accessed 10 June 2022 (See also January 12 Quebec Gazette, 2nd pg. for Montreal writer's impression of Rogers' trial)
  17. ↑ "They write from Quebec[....]," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 47 (November 14–21, 1769), pg. 374, right column Accessed 14 June 2022 (Note: There is no island in the middle of Lake Ontario; the name "Beaver Island" is attached to Grand Island in the Niagara River and a large island near the north end of Lake Michigan)
  18. ↑ "April 5; Orders are dispatched[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 235 (June 29, 1769), 2nd pg. Accessed 16 June 2022
  19. ↑ (Alexander Cluny), Letter X, The American Traveller: or, Observations on the Present State[...]of the British Colonies in America (1769), pgs. 53-4 Accessed 6 June 2022
  20. ↑ "Halifax, June 6", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 23 (May 30 - June 6, 1769), pg. 183 Accessed 9 June 2022
  21. ↑ "Halifax, Octo. 31," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 44 (October 24–31, 1769), pgs. 349-50 Accessed 14 June 2022
  22. ↑ "Wednesday, November 8, 1769," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 47 (November 14–21, 1769), pgs. 376-7 Accessed 14 June 2022
  23. ↑ "To all Persons who[....]," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 53 (Dec. 26, 1769 - Jan. 2, 1770), pg. 7 Accessed 15 June 2022
  24. ↑ "T[h]ursday, November 2d, 1769," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 46 (November 7–14, 1769), pg. 367 Accessed 14 June 2022
  25. ↑ "This is to inform the Public," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 38 (September 12–19, 1769), pg. 303 Accessed 13 June 2022
  26. ↑ Allex. Abraham, "To the Public," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 53 (Dec. 26, 1769 - Jan. 2, 1770), pg. 7 Accessed 15 June 2022
  27. ↑ "The world has not yet learned the riches of frugality", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 27 (June 27 - July 4, 1769), pg. 209 Accessed 10 June 2022
  28. ↑ Letter of Theophilus DesBrisay to Thomas DesBrisay (May 1769), The Island Register. Accessed 17 June 2022
  29. ↑ "Four ships of the line[....]", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 14 (March 28 - April 4, 1769), pg. 109, centre column Accessed 9 June 2022
  30. ↑ "Extract of a Letter from Newfoundland, July 11," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 39 (September 19–26, 1769), pg. 312 Accessed 13 June 2022
  31. ↑ "Satterdy 29 April 1769," "April 29 to May 1" Isaac Lester Diaries 1769, Maritime History Archive, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 8 June 2022
  32. ↑ (Alexander Cluny), Letter IV The American Traveller: or, Observations on the Present State[...]of the British Colonies in America (1769), pgs. 17-19. Accessed 6 June 2022
  33. ↑ Samuel Hearne, "Chap. I; Transactions from my leaving Prince of Wales's Fort(....)" A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795). Accessed 8 June 2022
  34. ↑ William Wales, "XIII. Journal of a Voyage, made[...]to Churchill River[....]" (1771?), pg. 128 Accessed 7 June 2022
  35. ↑ William Wales, "XIII. Journal of a Voyage, made[...]to Churchill River[....]" (1771?), pg. 124 Accessed 7 June 2022
  36. ↑ "Aug. 31. Last Thursday died[....]," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 49 (November 28 - December 5, 1769), pg. 400, centre column Accessed 15 June 2022
  37. ↑ "American News; Philadelphia, June 8; Extract of a Letter from London, April 6, 1769," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 27 (June 27 - July 4, 1769), pg. 212 Accessed 10 June 2022
  38. ↑ "A Correspondent observes[....]," The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 48 (November 21-8, 1769), pgs. 382-3 Accessed 14 June 2022
  39. ↑ "An Ejaculation proper for the Times," The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 241 (August 10, 1769), 4th pg. Accessed 16 June 2022
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