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Events from the year 1813 in Canada.
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| Part of a series on the |
| History of Canada |
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Events from the year 1813 in Canada.
House of Representatives foreign relations committee acknowledges withdrawal of orders-in-council, but impressment remains cause for war [3]
War policy in Washington not based on prudence, justice and patriotism, but desire to retain power by promoting old anti-British prejudices [4]
"From Maine to Delaware we have one common interest[--]the preservation of commerce, which[...]southwards they are determined to destroy" [5]
Even pro-U.S.A. British won't "surrender the maritime rights of" U.K., though Madison says "freedom of the seas must be conquered through Canada" [6]
British government sets out its version of events and motivations that led to war with U.S.A. [7]
People of British possessions are mere petitioners who should not assume right of people of Great Britain to criticize imperial government [8]
Prince Regent, at meeting in London tavern to raise funds for "sufferers in British North America," notes his long residence in B.N.A. provinces [9]
Map: Canada – U.S.A. frontier, including Upper and Lower Canada on main map and New Brunswick and Nova Scotia on inset [10]
"[In Upper Canada, the enemy's] defeats, bad pay, bad clothing, bad feeding, bad lodging, sickness, disunion and insubordination [help us.]" [11]
Amb. John Quincy Adams tells Russian count that U.S. troops "were all too raw and unskilled in War to make much progress in Canada" [12]
Official report of British victory at Frenchtown, Michigan under command of Col. Henry Procter and Chief Round Head [13]
"Tory feelings[,] newspapers & pamphlets supported by foreign[ers,] mercantile credit" - John Adams accounts for opposition in U.S.A. to war [14]
"A force is now prepared or preparing that will compel [Americans] either to keep in port or subject them to be captured if they venture out" [15]
Comparison of British and U.S. frigates finds former are crewed by fewer men and they are less skilled (about 6/7ths are landsmen) [16]
Congress offers bounty to "burn, sink, or destroy" British warships with "torpedoes, submarine instruments, or any other destructive machine" [17]
British American merchants in London warn that troops currently in Upper and Lower Canada would not be enough even to defend Quebec City [18]
Letter writer on St. Lawrence River notes British military's mobility, saying one unit got from Plymouth, England to Prescott, U.C. in 6 weeks [19]
Broadside describes combined U.S. Army and Navy forces' capture of York, Upper Canada [20]
U.S. commander at Fort Erie invites Canadians "anxious to obtain special protection [to come in] that they may be distinguished from the enemy" [21]
Outnumbered British Regulars use bayonets to push through "impetuous confusion" of night fight at U.S. camp near Stoney Creek, Upper Canada [22]
After so many U.S. disasters, "we should think that 'the most enlightened people in the world' would begin to be sick[...]of the idea of 'taking Canada'" [23]
Lengthy account of Beaver Dams victory centres on Lt. Fitzgibbon and includes actions by specific civilians (but not Laura Secord) [24]
Witness to British raid on Black Rock, N.Y. is captured by men of 49th Regiment amid musketry, destruction of warehouses and sharing of liquor [25]
Editor expects "successful defence of Canada[...]but what is that? - We may [take U.S. assets, but] have we a land force equal to the undertaking?" [26]
"Liberal translation" of declaration of war by New York based "Six Nations of Indians[...]against the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada" [27]
U.S. naval commander describes Battle of Lake Erie and defeat of British squadron trying to prevent U.S. dominance of that lake [28]
War operations "depend on the result of the contest on the Lakes [and losing them] would be far more prejudicial to us than to the Americans" [29]
Pres. Madison decides to publicize imprisonment of some British POWs as hostages for naturalized U.S. POWs taken to Britain for trial as traitors [30]
Lacking provisions following loss of Lake Erie supply line, British forces abandon Detroit and are defeated as they retreat up Thames River [31]
Large U.S. invasion force on Chateauguay River is "foiled by a handful of men not amounting to a twentieth part of the force opposed to them" [32]
After listing setbacks, New England newspaper asks what "has the least tendency towards the accomplishment of the professed object of the war" [33]
Governor general's aide returns from Britain with assessment of "whether [ministers] consider Canada worth the expense of defending or not" [34]
Halifax newspaper says "our affairs in Canada wear a more favorable aspect then [sic] we had a right to expect," Lake Erie defeat notwithstanding [35]
"Cordial and able cooperation" - Headquarters report of British victory at Crysler's Farm, near Cornwall, Upper Canada [36]
British retake Fort George, U.C. without opposition and find "the Works[...]have been restored to a respectable state of defence by the Enemy" [37]
"This revolution in our domestic economy was well worth a war" - Thomas Jefferson says U.S. textiles are developed enough to exclude British imports [38]
Governor in Chief Prevost calls on L.C. gentry to keep resisting invaders and set inspiring example for "those who look up to and depend on them" [39]
Defending its privilege from Assembly, Council says in history some "Representative Body" often tries to take power from "Aristocratical" body [40]
Governor is enabled to direct Receiver General to reserve £25,000 for defence, £15,000 for militia equipment and £1,000 for militia hospital [41]
Quebec Gazette editor says all editors print falsehoods because, "to gratify the craving appetites of[...]the public," priority outranks truth [42]
Provincial commander praises militiamen who "would not accept of their discharge until after the [approaching] Enemy should have been repulsed" [43]
"Cognawangha, Lake of the Two Mountains, and St. Regis Indians" are angry at not receiving support in their defeat of large U.S. force [44]
With U.S. forces approaching, "the whole effective male population on the South side of the [St. Lawrence] River was in arms" [45]
Grass in meadows around Quebec City is being displaced by "weed called Marguerite," with all attempts to destroy it failing [46]
Across "the Province[...]the crops of Grain, Hay, Fruits and vegetables will be very abundant[, the weather being] uncommonly fine" [47]
Map: Montreal and regional islands and road system, by John Melish [48]
Molson's 140-foot-long steamboat Swiftsure has everything from automatic boiler safety valve to white Ladies' Cabin with "curtains, mirrors &c." [49]
Fashion plate: Empire style dresses [50]
Five guineas reward for young pointer dog "supposed to have been thrown overboard by a sailor" on army transport and "may have swam ashore" [51]
"The Canadian spirit, though wanting exercise, is by no means sunk--an alarm will[...]rouse it to the requisite exertion for meeting the occasion" [52]
"A very few indeed, who were always suspected" - Some Upper Canadians aid U.S. invaders [53]
French and Dutch settlers ignorant; British merchants and U.S. settlers smart; there is "considerable desire to monopolize" knowledge, riches, power [54]
As of April 1813, farm families are living off bountiful harvest, but begin to suffer as half of farm men are called away to militia duty [55]
"In the present situation," it is illegal to sell, barter or give "Spirituous Liquors or Strong Waters or low wines" to Indigenous people [56]
U.C. missionary says some local Indigenous people are refugees from U.S.A.; several men are drafted into army; war brings people "of various tribes" [57]
Fairfield mission plundered and burned by U.S. Army soldiers; Gen. Harrison is unkind, but Com. Perry helps some get to Detroit and Sandwich [58]
Widow and children of any militia member killed while on duty (in battle or not) will receive £25 payments until youngest child turns 16 [59]
Map: Upper Canada from Sault Ste. Marie to Montreal and Lake Timiskaming to Lake Erie, with towns, counties and townships [60]
Some are surprised at failure of U.S. forces to successfully invade; they must never "forget that our enemy is greatly our superior in numbers" [61]
Seamen entering N.S. from U.S.A. for next 3 months will be protected from impressment and allowed to go to England or any province [62]
Seven men (age 22–30) escape slavery, most picked up by HMS Rifleman from open boat off Chesapeake Bay and taken to Halifax [63]
HMS Shannon brings in USS Chesapeake, whose captain dies; with cannon salute, 6 Royal Navy captains act as pallbearers to his grave [64]
"We admire [our naval mariners and] we deeply lament their being placed in situations where there was no choice but loss of life or character" [65]
Sudden death of two men "ought to remind us of the necessity of living as we would wish to die, then we will always be prepared to meet death" [66]
Because 2 children have been struck (leaving 1 dead and 1 not expected to live), attention is drawn to law against disorderly riding and driving [67]
Newly formed Royal Acadian Institution resolves to provide education "conducted on Moral and Religious principles" [68]
Proposals invited for supplying naval hospital with port wine of good quality, to be delivered on demand in quantities of no less than one hogshead [69]
For sale to mechanics: "moulding and bench Planes[...]Saws both German and Cast-steel[...]Coopers, Ship-Carpenters and Shoemakers Tools [etc.]" [70]
Fishing gear for sale includes "Superfine Trout Flies adapted to the season[...]Best Patent Silk and Hair[...]Superfine Salmon-Trout Hooks" [71]
Dancing instructor teaches "Minuets, Cottillons, Contra-Dances, Hornpipes, jigs, Strathspeys, Reels, Medlies, Passe-pies [and] Ballet dances" [72]
Music teacher advertising private vocal lessons assures ladies who lack confidence that it will be gained "with the most pleasing facility" [73]
"Perspective Box [with two] magnifying Glass Sights" contains 90 coloured prints and specimens from more than 50 genera of animals and plants [74]
Acadian Recorder says "our fashionable females[...]wearing a machine called a 'CORSET' [follow a] ridiculous and pernicious practice" [75]
White males (age 16–60) inhabiting or resident in N.B. are to enrol for service in militia (officials and certain occupations exempted) [76]
Excerpt of journal by Lt. John LeCouteur, 104th Regiment of Foot as it marches from Fredericton through Saint John River valley to Lower Canada [77]
"Many of the poor Ministers of Christ [are] laboring in the field to gather food for their families" but neglecting their ministry duties [78]
Thomas Wetmore asks Ward Chipman if there can be some fund (government or private) for pork for group of "very poor" Indigenous people [79]
Chief Andrew Julian and 4 brothers, Mi'kmaq of Northumberland County, sell lot and cove on Northwest Miramichi River for £30 [80]
Unmarried 26-year-old Black man of Sussex Parish, known for industry and sobriety, petitions for 200-acre lot for family he expects to have [81]
Of 6 Miller family children, 4 are dead and 1 is dying; mother is "almost stupified with grief and [may not recover from] these repeated shocks" [82]
Old "Mr. Ebenezer Spicer of Sussex Vale [drowned when] a whirlpool caught the oar with which he was steering and threw him out of the boat" [83]
"A small privateer of 2 guns was ran [sic] on shore near Bailey's Mistake and destroyed by the boats of [H.M. sloop] Ratler [84]
Despite imposed restraints, Newfoundland's enterprising people have increased in numbers, commerce and wealth to point colonial government is needed [85]
Call for kindness toward Indigenous people, drawing them "into habits of intercourse and trade," and £100 offered for "firm and settled" successes [86]
Promising "abundance of fine Beef, Mutton, and every luxury which a lusty and loyal Soldier should enjoy," Royal Newfoundland Regiment enlists [87]
Plague outbreak on Malta, which continues "with unabated violence," means all ships coming from Mediterranean ports to St. John's must quarantine [88]
"Exhilarating" - Laying of "Foundation Stone" for Newfoundland hospital in St. John's, "[...]the first public Hospital in this Island" [89]
"In the existing season of privation and suffering," Society of Merchants is forgoing their annual dinner to donate £29 to poor [90]
Auctioneer's 21s lottery tickets give chance to win something worth at least 36s, such as watches, pianoforte, "sopha" and china set [91]
Former Oxford scholar will take in "Six young Gentlemen from the age of six" to be prepared for "any of the great Schools in England" [92]
St. John's Subscription Library is missing many books, including Vicar of Wakefield, Gil Blas, Tom Jones and Tristram Shandy [93]
British writer-editor discusses differences between U.S. and U.K. with Pres. Madison, including latter's vision of conquered Canada [94]
John Jacob Astor asks that U.S. Navy frigate go to mouth of Columbia River to protect American Fur Company (described in detail) from British [95]
John Jacob Astor worries about war's effect on Columbia River enterprise (with history of its founding) [96]
Saint John ship, semi-submerged by hurricane on way to Jamaica, finds way (without compass) back to New Brunswick only to break up on rocks [97]
Upper class woman in Philadelphia wants to use New York – Montreal connection (through Boston merchant) to write to her daughters in Montreal [98]
Captured U.S. seaman reveals herself as female and tells story of her shipwreck, disguise, and service on privateer (earning about $200) [99]
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