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Events from the year 1759 in Canada.
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Events from the year 1759 in Canada.
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Canada must be preserved to check New England, which has forces to otherwise take all French colonies in America [4]
From London, James Wolfe writes his mother "I shall carry this business thro' with my best abilities," but its outcome is in Providence's hands [5]
"Let the wisdom of the people[...]show itself" - To avoid harm, Wolfe advises Quebec-area residents not to resist his forces [6]
British landing on Île d'Orléans are pleased by polite note left by parish curate and "the beauties and situation of this island" [7]
"The General strictly forbids the inhuman practice of scalping, except when the enemy are Indians, or Canadians dressed like Indians." [8]
Wolfe's long account of his mixed success attacking French positions downriver from Quebec, and his qualms (Note: "savages" used) [9]
"General Wolfe is endeavouring to draw the flower of the French Army[...]to an engagement on his own ground, before he abandons it." [10]
After briefly describing "metropolis of the French dominions in America" before bombardment, eyewitness depicts its destruction [11]
"General discontent prevail'd [among the French, and] now was the time to strike" - Troops are ordered into boats for landing upriver from Quebec [12]
Landed at 4 a.m. on September 13, British troops are impatiently eager to attack and determined not to be captured and scalped [13]
Advancing, holding their fire and then firing "close and heavy discharge" is described by Lt. John Knox at centre of British front line [14]
"He died and conquered" - Wolfe dies contented at French rout after they fire from too far away (sometimes only bruising British) [15]
Capitulation, surrender and occupation of Quebec City, despite brief attack by French artillery outside its walls [16]
Continuing resistance downriver from Quebec City leads to burning of 1,100 houses and hundreds of acres of grain, plus plundering [17]
"Humane and tender" - Hospital run by "reserved and very respectful" nuns treat wounded and ill British soldiers as properly as other patients [18]
Quebec City priest consoles himself about its fall by "rendering spiritual services to the German and Scotch Catholics" among British occupiers [19]
For victory at Quebec, sermon credits Providence for "a Combination of minute Circumstances" and for pointing to "the critical Moment" in battle [20]
Murray warns Canadians to shift favour from Vaudreuil "to a free people, wise, generous, ready to embrace you, to free you from a severe despotism" [21]
"A most grotesque appearance" - Guarding against frostbite makes Quebec garrison "rather resemble a masquerade than a body of regular troops" [22]
Benjamin Franklin's ironic [ broken anchor ] list of reasons Canada should be returned to French, in reply to serious opinion that way [23]
Wendat seem so "satisfied with the change of Masters" that they don't join French resistance to British (Note: "savages" used) [24]
John Knox obtains list of words in local Indigenous language, including "quitchimanitoo" (Note: racial stereotypes) [25]
Sir William Johnson describes defeat of French force attempting to lift his siege of Fort Niagara, and its fall [26]
Robert Rogers writes to "King Uncus, head Sachem of the Mohegan Indians," about recruiting company of 50 men (Note: "savages" used) [27]
Capt. Jacob Nawnawampeteoonk, of "a company of Stockbridge Indians," is among Indigenous fighters and officers on British side [28]
Summary of Gen. Amherst's taking of Ticonderoga (Fort Carillon) and Crown Point, plus comment on significance of these events [29]
Rogers' Rangers destroy Missisquoi village Odanak after British men under flag of truce are captured by "St. Francis Indians" [30]
Guerilla warfare in Nova Scotia includes ambushes followed by torture killings and bodies left on road (Note: gruesome details) [31]
No suit will be allowed in any Nova Scotia court for recovery of land based on title claimed by "former French inhabitants" [32]
No trade to be allowed (temporarily) with various Indigenous peoples, with exception of traders authorized by Nova Scotia government [33]
Halifax may send to workhouse "idle persons," beggars, fortune tellers, runaways etc., while unsupported children are to be apprenticed out [34]
British officer says muskrat's fine fur "is equal in perfume to the genuine musk," but too strong and thus unhealthful to use lining waistcoats [35]
Knox describes seeing crossbills (and capturing one) and belugas (that musket balls bounce off of) in St. Lawrence River [36]
This article lists information about events from the year 1751 in Canada.
Events from the year 1755 in Canada.
Events from the year 1756 in Canada.
Events from the year 1757 in Canada.
Events from the year 1758 in Canada.
Events from the year 1760 in Canada.
Events from the year 1762 in Canada.
Events from the year 1764 in Canada.
Events from the year 1765 in Canada.
Events from the year 1766 in Canada.
Events from the year 1768 in Canada.
Events from the year 1770 in Canada.
Events from the year 1774 in Canada.
Spruce beer is a beverage flavored with the buds, needles, or essence of spruce trees. Spruce beer can refer to either alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages.
The Siege of Louisbourg was a pivotal operation of the Seven Years' War in 1758 that ended the French colonial era in Atlantic Canada and led to the subsequent British campaign to capture Quebec in 1759 and the remainder of French North America the following year.
John Knox was an officer in the British Army who took part in the Austrian War of Succession and the Seven Years' War. He served in North America between 1757 and 1760 and is notable for providing historians with the most complete account of these campaigns. Knox narrowly avoided being killed in 1759 when a French soldier's musket twice misfired, and he went on to fight in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, where he performed in one of the most devastating volleys in military history. Knox also took part in the Battle of Sainte Foy and was present when Montreal surrendered on 8 September 1760.
Danks' Rangers was a ranger unit raised in colonial North America and led by Captain Benoni Danks. It was modeled on and often served alongside of the better known Gorham's Rangers. The unit was recruited in early 1756, during the early stages of the Seven Years' War / French and Indian War, from among men serving in two then-disbanding New England provincial battalions stationed in Nova Scotia. Raised to help protect the British garrison on the Isthmus of Chignecto and secure the area after the siege of Fort Beauséjour, their principle foes were Acadian and Mi'kmaq Indians conducting a low-level insurgency against the British authorities in Nova Scotia. Their primary area of operations was the northwestern portion of Nova Scotia and the north and eastern parts of what would later become New Brunswick. The unit averaged a little over one hundred men for much of its existence, although it seems to have been augmented to 125 for the attack on Havana in 1762. The company often operated in tandem with Gorham's Rangers, based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and after 1761, the two companies were combined into a Nova Scotia ranging corps, led by Major Joseph Gorham.
The military history of the Mi'kmaq consisted primarily of Mi'kmaq warriors (smáknisk) who participated in wars against the English independently as well as in coordination with the Acadian militia and French royal forces. The Mi'kmaq militias remained an effective force for over 75 years before the Halifax Treaties were signed (1760–1761). In the nineteenth century, the Mi'kmaq "boasted" that, in their contest with the British, the Mi'kmaq "killed more men than they lost". In 1753, Charles Morris stated that the Mi'kmaq have the advantage of "no settlement or place of abode, but wandering from place to place in unknown and, therefore, inaccessible woods, is so great that it has hitherto rendered all attempts to surprise them ineffectual". Leadership on both sides of the conflict employed standard colonial warfare, which included scalping non-combatants. After some engagements against the British during the American Revolutionary War, the militias were dormant throughout the nineteenth century, while the Mi'kmaq people used diplomatic efforts to have the local authorities honour the treaties. After confederation, Mi'kmaq warriors eventually joined Canada's war efforts in World War I and World War II. The most well-known colonial leaders of these militias were Chief (Sakamaw) Jean-Baptiste Cope and Chief Étienne Bâtard.
The Lunenburg campaign was executed by the Mi'kmaq militia and Acadian militia against the Foreign Protestants who the British had settled on the Lunenburg Peninsula during the French and Indian War. The British deployed Joseph Gorham and his Rangers along with Captain Rudolf Faesch and regular troops of the 60th Regiment of Foot to defend Lunenburg. The campaign was so successful, by November 1758, the members of the House of Assembly for Lunenburg stated "they received no benefit from His Majesty's Troops or Rangers" and required more protection.
Thomas Oswald, younger brother of James Oswald of Dunnikier, was a British Army officer in the 18th century, engaged in the War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War.
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