1885 in Canada

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1885
in
Canada
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Events from the year 1885 in Canada.

Incumbents

Crown

Federal government

Provincial governments

Lieutenant governors

Premiers

Territorial governments

Lieutenant governors

Events

Full date unknown

Births

Gordon Daniel Conant Gordon Daniel Conant.jpg
Gordon Daniel Conant

January to June

July to December

Deaths

Historical documents

Account of battle at Duck Lake [2]

Account of battle at Cut Knife Hill [3]

Two settler women travel with Chief Big Bear's Cree band after Frog Lake Massacre [4]

Contents

Accounts of battle at Batoche [5]

Opposition Leader Edward Blake's speeches on fighting in Northwest [6]

Convicted of treason, Chief Big Bear pleads for relief of his people [7]

Louis Riel's statement at his trial [8]

Report of psychiatric physician who visited Louis Riel in prison [9]

Newspaper report of Louis Riel's execution [10]

Air clears when women vote in Ontario municipal election [11]

J.A. Macdonald says "while the crosses of the Aryan races are successful[, they] will not wholesomely amalgamate with the Africans or the Asiatics" [12]

"A disgrace to humanity" - Citing emancipation of Blacks and Catholics, senator objects to restrictions on Chinese immigrants [13]

Montrealers' resistance to vaccination during smallpox outbreak turns to rioting [14]

Illustration: vaccinating passengers against smallpox on train to U.S.A. [15]

Photo: Sitting Bull, while on visit to Montreal with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Riel</span> Métis leader in Canada (1844–1885)

Louis Riel was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political leader of the Métis people. He led two resistance movements against the Government of Canada and its first prime minister John A. Macdonald. Riel sought to defend Métis rights and identity as the Northwest Territories came progressively under the Canadian sphere of influence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North-West Rebellion</span> 1885 rebellion by the Métis and Cree peoples against Canada

The North-West Rebellion, also known as the North-West Resistance, was an armed resistance movement by the Métis under Louis Riel and an associated uprising by First Nations Cree and Assiniboine of the District of Saskatchewan against the Canadian government. Many Métis felt that Canada was not protecting their rights, their land, and their survival as a distinct people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabriel Dumont (Métis leader)</span> Métis leader (1837–1906)

Gabriel Dumont (1837–1906) was a Métis political figure best known for being a prominent leader of the Métis people. Dumont was well known for his movements within the North-West Rebellion at the battles of Batoche, Fish Creek, and Duck Lake as well as for his role in the signing of treaties with the Blackfoot tribe, the traditional main enemy of the Métis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1869 in Canada</span> Canada-related events during the year of 1869

Events from the year 1869 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1870 in Canada</span> Canada-related events during the year of 1870

Events from the year 1870 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1878 in Canada</span> Canada-related events during the year of 1878

Events from the year 1878 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1879 in Canada</span> Canada-related events during the year of 1879

Events from the year 1879 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1884 in Canada</span> Canada-related events during the year of 1884

Events from the year 1884 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1886 in Canada</span> Canada-related events during the year of 1886

Events from the year 1886 in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Cut Knife</span> 1885 battle of the North-West Rebellion near Battleford, Saskatchewan, Canada

The Battle of Cut Knife, fought on May 2, 1885, occurred when a flying column of mounted police, militia, and Canadian army regular army units attacked a Cree and Assiniboine teepee settlement near Battleford, Saskatchewan. First Nations fighters forced the Canadian forces to retreat, with losses on both sides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Batoche, Saskatchewan</span> National Historic Site of Canada in Saskatchewan

Batoche, Saskatchewan, which lies between Prince Albert and Saskatoon, was the site of the historic Battle of Batoche during the North-West Rebellion of 1885. The battle resulted in the defeat of Louis Riel and his Métis forces by Major General Frederick Middleton and his Northwest Field Force. Batoche was then a small village of some 500 residents. The site has since become depopulated and now has few residents. The 1885 church building and a few other historic buildings have been preserved, and the site is a National Historic Site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Duck Lake</span>

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Fish Creek</span>

The Battle of Fish Creek, fought April 24, 1885 at Fish Creek, Saskatchewan, was a major Métis victory over the Canadian forces attempting to quell Louis Riel's North-West Rebellion. Although the reversal was not decisive enough to alter the ultimate outcome of the conflict, it was convincing enough to persuade Major General Frederick Middleton to temporarily halt his advance on Batoche, where the Métis would later make their final stand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Batoche</span> 1885 decisive battle of the North-West Rebellion

The Battle of Batoche was the decisive battle of the North-West Rebellion, which pitted the Canadian authorities against a force of First Nations and Métis people. Fought from May 9 to 12, 1885, at the ad hoc Provisional Government of Saskatchewan capital of Batoche, the greater numbers and superior firepower of General Frederick Middleton's force eventually overwhelmed the Métis fighters.

Southbranch Settlement was the name ascribed to a series of French Métis settlements on the Canadian prairies in the 19th century, in what is today the province of Saskatchewan. Métis settlers began making homes here in the 1860s and 1870s, many of them fleeing economic and social dislocation from Red River, Manitoba. The settlements became the centre of Métis resistance during the North-West Rebellion when in March 1885, Louis Riel, Gabriel Dumont, Honoré Jackson, and others set up the Provisional Government of Saskatchewan with their headquarters at Batoche.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Fort Pitt</span>

The Battle of Fort Pitt was part of a Cree uprising coinciding with the Métis revolt that started the North-West Rebellion in 1885. Cree warriors began attacking Canadian settlements on April 2. On April 15, they captured Fort Pitt from a detachment of North-West Mounted Police.

Exovedate is the name coined by Métis leader Louis Riel and given by him to his council of the Provisional Government of Saskatchewan during the North-West Rebellion in Canada. Ten years prior to this date on December 8, 1875 after attending a mass in Washington, D. C., Riel had a religious vision where God spoke to him in Latin. Riel believed that God had chosen him to be the divine leader of the Métis and that he had been given the mission to lead them to their promised land similar to how God had chosen Moses to lead the Jews. From this point onward Louis took the middle name "David" and called himself "the prophet of the new world."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provisional Government of Saskatchewan</span>

The Provisional Government of Saskatchewan was an independent state declared during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 in the District of Saskatchewan of the North-West Territories. It included parts of the present-day Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The name was given by Louis Riel. Although Riel initially hoped to rally the Countryborn, Cree, and European settlers of the Saskatchewan Valley to his banner, this did not occur. The government, with the exception of Honoré Jaxon and Chief White Cap, had an entirely French-speaking and Métis leadership. Gabriel Dumont was proclaimed adjutant general in which capacity he became supreme military commander, although Riel could, and did, override his tactical decisions. The Provisional Government was declared by Riel on March 19, 1885. It ceased to exist following the defeat of the Métis militarily during the Battle of Batoche, which concluded on May 20, 1885. During its existence the government only exercised authority over the Southbranch Settlements along the South Saskatchewan River. Other major centres in the area such as Prince Albert, Saskatoon, and most First Nations reserves remained outside of its control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Looting of Battleford</span>

The Looting of Battleford began at the end of March, 1885, during the North-West Rebellion, in the town of Battleford, Saskatchewan, then a part of the Northwest Territories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the Premiership of John A. Macdonald</span>

The following is a timeline of the Premiership of John A. Macdonald, who served as the first Prime Minister of Canada from July 1, 1867 to November 5, 1873 and again from October 17, 1878 to June 6, 1891.

References

  1. "Queen Victoria | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  2. Transcription of Wm. Laurie article Saskatchewan Herald (April 23, 1885). Accessed 8 October 2019 (See also photo “'Sewing Up the Dead': Preparation of North-West Field Force Casualties for Burial" (April 25, 1885))
  3. Transcription of article Saskatchewan Herald (May 11, 1885). Accessed 8 October 2019
  4. Theresa Gowanlock and Theresa Fulford, Two Months in the Camp of Big Bear(...) (1885). Accessed 8 October 2019
  5. Lewis Redman Ord, Reminiscences of a Bungle (1887), pgs. 29-32 and Moses Bremner's Statement (1886) and Canada; Department of Militia and Defence, Report upon the Suppression of the Rebellion in the North-West Territories[...] (1886), pgs. 27-33. Accessed 8 October 2019
  6. [House of Commons,] "Speech of Hon. E. Blake, M.P., on the Disturbance in the North-West; Ottawa, May 20th, 1885." and House of Commons Debates; Third Session, Fifth Parliament - 48 Vic., "Speech of Hon. E. Blake, M.P., on the Dissturbance in the North-West; Ottawa, July 6th, 1885." Accessed 17 October 2019
  7. William Bleasdell Cameron, Blood Red the Sun (1950), pgs. 196-9. Accessed 8 October 2019
  8. The Queen vs. Louis Riel[...] (1886), pgs. 147-54. Accessed 9 October 2019
  9. Daniel Clark, A Psycho-Medical History of Louis Riel (1887), pgs. 10-13. Accessed 9 October 2019
  10. "Riel Executed; He Dies Without A Speech; A Sane And Beautiful Death" Regina Leader (November 19, 1885), pg. 4. Accessed 9 October 2019
  11. Letitia Youmans, Campaign Echoes: The Autobiography of Letitia Youmans; Second Edition (1893), pgs. 206-9. Accessed 8 October 2019
  12. John A. Macdonald, "The Franchise Bill" (May 4, 1885), Official Report of the Debates of the House of Commons[....], pg. 1589 Accessed 2 July 2023
  13. William J. Almon, "Chinese Immigration; An Explanation" (July 18, 1885), Debates of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada; 1885, pgs. 1411-12 Accessed 2 July 2023
  14. Mde Morel de la Durantaye, A Brief History of the Small Pox Epidemic in Montreal(...) (1886). Accessed 8 October 2019
  15. James Marvin, "Canada - the recent smallpox epidemic in Montreal - vaccinating American-bound passengers on a train[....]" Accessed 25 December 2020 https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/oslerprints/search-results.php?s=Vaccination (click on "The recent smallpox epidemic" thumbnail)
  16. William Notman & Son, "Sitting Bull" (1885), McCord Museum. Accessed 18 May 2022