1970 in science

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Last updated September 06, 2024

The year 1970 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

February 11 – The Ohsumi satellite is launched, making Japan the fourth country to launch a satellite into orbit.
March 31 – The Explorer 1 satellite reenters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
April 11 – The Apollo 13 space mission is launched, but has to be aborted on April 13.
April 17 – Apollo 13 returns safely to Earth.
June 1 – Soyuz 9, a two-man spacecraft, is launched from the Soviet Union for an orbital flight of nearly 18 days, an endurance record at this time.
August 31 – Solar eclipse of August 31, 1970: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Oceania, and is the 14th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 144.
September 20 – Luna 16 lands on the Moon and lifts off the next day with samples, landing back on Earth September 24.
October 20 – The Zond 8 lunar orbiter is launched by the Soviet Union.
November 17 – Lunokhod 1, the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world, lands on Mare Imbrium on the Moon after being released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
December 15 – Venera 7 lands on Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to transmit data from another planet successfully (launched August 17).

Biology

August – Songs of the Humpback Whale , produced by Roger Payne, is released, publicly demonstrating whale vocalization for the first time and becoming influential in public support for whale conservation.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
The Parc naturel régional de Camargue is established in the south of France.

Chemistry

August – Ulrich K. Laemmli's refinement of the SDS-PAGE method is published.^[5]

Computer science

January 1 – Unix time begins at 00:00:00 UTC.
June – The Datapoint 2200 is announced by the Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC).
June–August – The programming language FLOW is devised by Jef Raskin.
November 17 – The first United States patent for the computer mouse is issued to Douglas Engelbart.^[6]
Bomber by Len Deighton, the first novel written on a word processor (the IBM MT/ST), is published in England.^[7]
The first Pascal compiler is released by Niklaus Wirth.^[8]
The Xerox PARC computer laboratory is opened in Palo Alto, California.

Earth sciences

January 4 – The Tonghai earthquake (7.1 M_w ) occurs in Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, killing an estimated 14,621 and injuring 26,783.^{[ citation needed ]}
May 24 – Drilling on the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins on the Kola Peninsula of Russia.

Mathematics

Conway's Game of Life is devised by John Horton Conway.^[9]
Kurt Gödel's ontological proof of the existence of God is circulated.^[10]

Medicine

The Dubowitz Score for estimating the gestational age of babies is published by Lilly and Victor Dubowitz.^[11]
The Exeter hip replacement stem is first implanted at the Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital in Exeter, England.^[12]
The first case of monkeypox in humans is identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[13]

Physics

The GIM mechanism is predicted by Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani.^[14]

Psychology

The minimal group paradigm is developed by Henri Tajfel.
Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume I is published by Konrad Lorenz.

Technology

June 2 – The Cleddau Bridge collapses during construction in Wales, killing four and leading to the introduction of new standards for box girder bridges in the United Kingdom.^[15]^[16]

Events

June 19 – The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is signed into international law, providing a unified procedure for filing patent applications.

Awards

Fields Prize in Mathematics – Alan Baker, Heisuke Hironaka, Sergei Novikov and John Griggs Thompson
Nobel Prizes:
- Physics – Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
- Chemistry – Luis F. Leloir
- Medicine – Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
Turing Award – James H. Wilkinson

Births

March 27 – Eleanor Maguire, Irish-born neuropsychologist.
August 1 – Elon Lindenstrauss, Israeli mathematician.
September 3 – Stanislav Smirnov, Russian-born mathematician.

Deaths

January 5 – Max Born (b. 1882), German physicist and recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in physics.^[17]
January 27 – Marietta Blau (b. 1894), Austrian physicist.^[18]
April 27 – Orii Hyōjirō (b. 1883), Japanese animal specimen collector.
May 1 – Ralph Hartley (b. 1888), American electrical engineer.
July 20 – Margaret Reed Lewis (b. 1881), American cell biologist.
July 29 – Emanuel Miller (b. 1892), English child psychiatrist.
August 1 – Otto Heinrich Warburg (b. 1883), German physiologist and winner of the 1931 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.^[19]
September 22 – Vojtěch Jarník (b. 1897), Czech mathematician.

Related Research Articles

The charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and the charmed baryons created in particle accelerator collisions. Several bosons, including the W and Z bosons and the Higgs boson, can decay into charm quarks. All charm quarks carry charm, a quantum number. This second-generation particle is the third-most-massive quark, with a mass of 1.27±0.02 GeV/c² as measured in 2022, and a charge of +⁠2/3⁠ e.

The year 2001 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.

The year 2003 was an exciting one for new scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs progress in many scientific fields. Some of the highlights of 2003, which will be further discussed below, include: the anthropologic discovery of 350,000-year-old footprints attesting to the presence of upright-walking humans; SpaceShipOne flight 11P making its first supersonic flight; the observation of a previously unknown element, moscovium was made; and the world's first digital camera with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display is released by Kodak.

The year 2004 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1997 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.

The year 1979 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1973 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1966 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1965 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1962 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1958 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The J/ψ (J/psi) meson is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. Mesons formed by a bound state of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark are generally known as "charmonium" or psions. The J/ψ is the most common form of charmonium, due to its spin of 1 and its low rest mass. The J/ψ has a rest mass of 3.0969 GeV/c², just above that of the η^_c, and a mean lifetime of 7.2×10⁻²¹ s. This lifetime was about a thousand times longer than expected.

The year 2005 in science and technology involved some significant events.

STEREO is a solar observation mission. Two nearly identical spacecraft were launched in 2006 into orbits around the Sun that cause them to respectively pull farther ahead of and fall gradually behind the Earth. This enabled stereoscopic imaging of the Sun and solar phenomena, such as coronal mass ejections.

The year 2006 in science and technology involved some significant events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 in science</span> Overview of the events of 2007 in science

The year 2007 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below.

The year 2009 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. 2009 was designated the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations.

The year 2008 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below.

Luciano Maiani is a Sammarinese physicist best known for his prediction of the charm quark with Sheldon Glashow and John Iliopoulos.

John (Jean) Iliopoulos is a Greek physicist. He is the first person to present the Standard Model of particle physics in a single report. He is best known for his prediction of the charm quark with Sheldon Glashow and Luciano Maiani. Iliopoulos is also known for demonstrating the cancellation of anomalies in the Standard model. He is further known for the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term formula, which was introduced in 1974. He is currently an honorary member of Laboratory of theoretical physics of École Normale Supérieure, Paris.

References

↑ McLellan, Joseph (1977-12-26). "It's a Whale of a Song". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
↑ Andersen, Kurt. "How Pop Music Helped Save the Whales". Studio 360. Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
↑ Rothenberg, David. "Nature's greatest hit: The old and new songs of the humpback whale". The Wire.
↑ Lewis, Tim (2020-12-06). "'It always hits me hard': how a haunting album helped save the whales". The Observer. London – via www.theguardian.com.
↑ Laemmli, U. K. (1970). "Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4". Nature . 227 (5259): 680–685. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..680L. doi:10.1038/227680a0. PMID 5432063. S2CID 3105149.
↑ U.S. patent 3,541,541 .
↑ Kirschenbaum, Matthew (2013-03-01). "The Book-Writing Machine: What was the first novel ever written on a word processor?". Slate . Retrieved 2016-02-21.
↑ Wirth, Niklaus (2000). "The Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives". Modular Programming Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1897. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1007/10722581_1. ISBN 978-3-540-67958-5.
↑ Gardner, Martin (October 1970). Mathematical Games – The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life" . Vol. 223. pp. 120–123. ISBN 0-89454-001-7 . Retrieved 2011-06-26.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
↑ Dawson, John W. Jr. (1997). Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Godel. Wellesley, Mass.: A. K. Peters Ltd. ISBN 1-56881-025-3.
↑ Mercuri, Eugenio (2016-05-08). "Lilly Dubowitz obituary". The Guardian . London. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
↑ Timperley, A. John (2017-10-20). "Robin Ling obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
↑ "Monkeypox". CDC. 2015-05-11. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-10-15.
↑ Glashow, S. L.; Iliopoulos, J.; Maiani, L. (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D . 2 (7): 1285–1292. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...2.1285G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
↑ Department of the Environment (Merrison Committee of Inquiry) (1973). Inquiry into the Basis of Design and Method of Erection of Steel Box Girder Bridges. London: HMSO.
↑ "How safe are our bridges?". BBC News Online . BBC. 2007-08-03. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
↑ "Nobel prize winner dies". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (Pennsylvania, U.S.). Associated Press. 6 January 1970. p. 26.
↑ Halpen, Leopold E. (1997). "Marietta Blau". In Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (eds.). A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-77351-642-7.
↑ Roswitha Schmid; Hans Adolf Krebs (1981). Otto Warburg: Cell Physiologist, Biochemist, and Eccentric. Clarendon Press. p. v.

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[1] McLellan, Joseph (1977-12-26). "It's a Whale of a Song". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-11-28.

[2] Andersen, Kurt. "How Pop Music Helped Save the Whales". Studio 360. Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 2022-08-03.

[3] Rothenberg, David. "Nature's greatest hit: The old and new songs of the humpback whale". The Wire.

[4] Lewis, Tim (2020-12-06). "'It always hits me hard': how a haunting album helped save the whales". The Observer. London – via www.theguardian.com.

[5] Laemmli, U. K. (1970). "Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4". Nature . 227 (5259): 680–685. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..680L. doi:10.1038/227680a0. PMID 5432063. S2CID 3105149.

[6] U.S. patent 3,541,541 .

[7] Kirschenbaum, Matthew (2013-03-01). "The Book-Writing Machine: What was the first novel ever written on a word processor?". Slate . Retrieved 2016-02-21.

[8] Wirth, Niklaus (2000). "The Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives". Modular Programming Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1897. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1007/10722581_1. ISBN 978-3-540-67958-5.

[9] Gardner, Martin (October 1970). Mathematical Games – The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life" . Vol. 223. pp. 120–123. ISBN 0-89454-001-7 . Retrieved 2011-06-26.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[10] Dawson, John W. Jr. (1997). Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Godel. Wellesley, Mass.: A. K. Peters Ltd. ISBN 1-56881-025-3.

[11] Mercuri, Eugenio (2016-05-08). "Lilly Dubowitz obituary". The Guardian . London. Retrieved 2020-06-24.

[12] Timperley, A. John (2017-10-20). "Robin Ling obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2018-01-07.

[13] "Monkeypox". CDC. 2015-05-11. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-10-15.

[14] Glashow, S. L.; Iliopoulos, J.; Maiani, L. (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D . 2 (7): 1285–1292. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...2.1285G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-11-11.

[15] Department of the Environment (Merrison Committee of Inquiry) (1973). Inquiry into the Basis of Design and Method of Erection of Steel Box Girder Bridges. London: HMSO.

[16] "How safe are our bridges?". BBC News Online . BBC. 2007-08-03. Retrieved 2008-01-30.

[17] "Nobel prize winner dies". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (Pennsylvania, U.S.). Associated Press. 6 January 1970. p. 26.

[18] Halpen, Leopold E. (1997). "Marietta Blau". In Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (eds.). A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-77351-642-7.

[19] Roswitha Schmid; Hans Adolf Krebs (1981). Otto Warburg: Cell Physiologist, Biochemist, and Eccentric. Clarendon Press. p. v.

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