![]() | Parts of this article (those related to article) need to be updated.(June 2024) |
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31 state congresses 1,580 municipalities | ||
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Gubernatorial elections | ||
8 governorships 1 head of government | ||
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The 2024 Mexican local elections were held on 2 June 2024, during which voters elected eight governors for six-year terms, the Head of Government of Mexico City for a six-year term, deputies for thirty-one state congresses, and officials for 1,580 municipalities. [1] These elections took place concurrently with the country's general election. [2]
Prior to the elections, the country's two main coalitions, Juntos Hacemos Historia and Va por México , were succeeded by Sigamos Haciendo Historia and Fuerza y Corazón por México , which constituted the same parties as their predecessors. [3] [4] Of the governorships up for election, Sigamos Haciendo Historia currently holds six, Fuerza y Corazón por México holds two, and Citizens' Movement – which is participating without coalition support [5] – holds one. This was the first gubernatorial election where most of the seats were held by a MORENA-led coalition.
Since January 2024, at least 27 aspiring candidates for political office have been killed, while at least 828 non-lethal attacks on candidates have been recorded. This has led to the government providing security guards to around 560 candidates and election officials. [6] Around 27,000 personnel of the Mexican Armed Forces and the National Guard have also been deployed to secure the electoral process. [7]
In Maravatio, Michoacán, Dagoberto García, the head of the MORENA party in the municipality and an aspiring candidate for mayor, disappeared in October 2023 and was found dead the following month. On 26 February 2024, Miguel Ángel Zavala, another aspiring mayoral candidate of MORENA in the town, was found fatally shot in his car. The following day, Armando Pérez Luna, PAN's mayoral candidate in the same town, was also found shot dead in his car. [8]
On 5 January, the PRI candidate for mayor of Suchiate, Chiapas, and the Citizens' Movement candidate for mayor in Armeria, Colima, were killed in separate attacks. In Guerrero, Alfredo González, a mayoral candidate in Atoyac de Álvarez, was killed in early March, followed by Tomás Morales, a prospective mayoral candidate of MORENA in Chilapa de Álvarez, on 12 March. [9]
In late March, the mayor of Churumuco, Michoacán, was shot dead in Morelia. [10] On 1 April, Bertha Gisela Gaytán, a mayoral candidate for MORENA, was shot dead while campaigning outside Celaya, Guanajuato, along with city council candidate Adrián Guerrero. [11] On 19 April, Noé Ramos Ferretiz, the joint PAN-PRI mayoral candidate for Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, was found fatally stabbed, while Alberto García, a mayoral candidate in San José Independencia, Oaxaca, was found beaten to death. [12] On 16 May, Lucero López Maza, a mayoral candidate in La Concordia, Chiapas, was killed along with five others during a gun attack on a campaign rally. [13] On 28 May, Ricardo Arizmendi, an alternate mayoral candidate in Cuautla, Morelos, was shot dead by gunmen on motorcycles. [14] On 31 May, Jorge Huerta Cabrera, a mayoral candidate in Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla, was shot dead in a gun attack at a campaign rally that also injured his wife and another person. [6]
On 1 June, authorities ordered the suspension of voting in the municipalities of Pantelhó and Chicomuselo in Chiapas, citing the burning of election papers in the former by unknown individuals on 31 May and threats against poll workers by gang members. [15] Hours before polling opened on 2 June, Israel Delgado, a candidate for the municipal council of Cuitzeo, Michoacan, was shot dead by motorcycled gunmen. [16] While voting was underway, two people were killed in shootings at polling stations at Coyomeapan and Tlanalapan in Puebla. [17]
On 22 May, a stage being used by Citizens' Movement mayoral candidate Lorenia Canavati for a campaign rally that was also attended by presidential candidate Jorge Álvarez Máynez was toppled by strong winds in San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, killing nine people including a child, and injuring 121 others. Álvarez Máynez was unharmed. [18]
All 27 seats of the Congress of Aguascalientes are up for election, where 18 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 9 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 11 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Congress of Baja California are up for election, where 17 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 8 through proportional representation. Additionally all positions of the state's 7 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 21 seats of the Congress of Baja California Sur are up for election, where 16 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 5 through proportional representation. Additionally all positions of the state's 5 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 35 seats of the Congress of Campeche are up for election, where 21 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 14 through proportional representation. Additionally all positions of the state's 13 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 40 seats of the Congress of Chiapas are up for election, where 24 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 16 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 123 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 33 seats of the Congress of Chihuahua are up for election, where 22 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 11 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 67 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All positions of the state's 38 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Congress of Colima are up for election, where 16 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 9 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 10 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Congress of Durango are up for election, where 15 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 10 through proportional representation. [1]
All 36 seats of the Congress of Guanajuato are up for election, where 22 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 14 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 46 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 46 seats of the Congress of Guerrero are up for election, where 28 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 18 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 84 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 30 seats of the Congress of Hidalgo are up for election, where 18 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 12 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 84 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 38 seats of the Congress of Jalisco are up for election, where 20 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 18 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 125 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 40 seats of the Congress of Michoacán are up for election, where 24 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 16 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 112 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 66 seats of the Congress of Mexico City are up for election, where 33 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 33 through proportional representation. Additionally, the head of government and the entity's 16 borough mayors are up for election. [1]
All 75 seats of the Congress of the State of Mexico are up for election, where 45 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 30 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 125 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 20 seats of the Congress of Morelos are up for election, where 12 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 8 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 33 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 30 seats of the Congress of Nayarit are up for election, where 18 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 12 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 20 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 42 seats of the Congress of Nuevo León are up for election, where 26 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 16 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 51 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 42 seats of the Congress of Oaxaca are up for election, where 25 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 17 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 153 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 41 seats of the Congress of Puebla are up for election, where 26 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 15 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 217 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Legislature of Querétaro are up for election, where 15 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 10 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 18 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Congress of Quintana Roo are up for election, where 15 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 10 through proportional representation. All positions of the state's 11 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 27 seats of the Congress of San Luis Potosí are up for election, where 15 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 12 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 58 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 40 seats of the Congress of Sinaloa are up for election, where 24 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 16 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 20 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 33 seats of the Congress of Sonora are up for election, where 21 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 12 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 72 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 35 seats of the Congress of Tabasco are up for election, where 21 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 14 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 17 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 36 seats of the Congress of Tamaulipas are up for election, where 22 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 14 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 43 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Congress of Tlaxcala are up for election, where 15 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 10 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 60 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 50 seats of the Congress of Veracruz are up for election, where 30 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 20 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship is up for election. [1]
All 25 seats of the Congress of Yucatán are up for election, where 15 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 10 through proportional representation. Additionally, the governorship and all positions of the state's 106 municipalities are up for election. [1]
All 30 seats of the Congress of Zacatecas are up for election, where 18 are elected through first-past-the-post voting and 12 through proportional representation. Additionally, all positions of the state's 58 municipalities are up for election. [1]
The politics of Mexico function within a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a multi-party congressional system, where the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions among voters. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast – or almost all votes cast – contribute to the result and are effectively used to help elect someone – not just a bare plurality or (exclusively) the majority – and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. In the context of voting systems, PR means that each representative in an assembly is elected by a roughly equal number of voters. In the common case of electoral systems that only allow a choice of parties, the seats are allocated in proportion to the vote share each party receives.
The single transferable vote (STV), sometimes mistakenly conflated with proportional ranked choice voting (P-RCV), is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked-choice ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vote may be transferred according to alternative preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated or elected with surplus votes, so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others in the running. STV aims to approach proportional representation based on votes cast in the district where it is used, so that each vote is worth about the same as another.
Single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used to elect multiple winners. It is a generalization of first-past-the-post, applied to multi-member districts with each voter casting just one vote. Unlike FPTP, which is a single-winner system, in SNTV multiple winners are elected, typically in electoral districts; additionally, unlike FPTP, SNTV produces mixed representation and makes it unlikely for a single party to take all the seats in a city or a set area, which can happen under FPTP.
The additional-member system (AMS) is a mixed electoral system under which most representatives are elected in single-member districts (SMDs), and the other "additional members" are elected to make the seat distribution in the chamber more proportional to the way votes are cast for party lists. It is distinct from parallel voting in that the "additional member" seats are awarded to parties taking into account seats won in SMDs, which is not done under parallel voting.
Parallel voting is a type of mixed electoral system in which representatives are voted into a single chamber using two or more different systems, most often first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) with party-list proportional representation (PR). It is the most common form of mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM), which is why these terms are often used synonymously with each other. In some countries, parallel voting is known as the supplementary member (SM) system, while in academic literature it is sometimes called the superposition method within mixed systems.
Elections in Mexico are held every 6 years to elect a president and every 3 years to elect a legislature. These elections determine who, on the national level, takes the position of the head of state – the president – as well as the legislature.
Bolivia elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Congress has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies has 130 members, elected for a five-year term using the Additional Member System, and in the case of seven indigenous seats by usos y costumbres. The Chamber of Senators has 36 members: each of the country's nine departments returns four senators allocated proportionally.
There are three types of elections in Nepal: elections to the federal parliament, elections to the provincial assemblies and elections to the local government. Within each of these categories, there may be by-elections as well as general elections. Currently three electoral systems are used: parallel voting for the House of Representatives and provincial assemblies, single transferable vote for the National Assembly, and first-past-the-post for local elections.
The Congress of the State of Nuevo León is the unicameral legislature of the government of the Mexican state of Nuevo León. Each three-year legislative term consists of 42 deputies, with 26 elected through relative majority and 16 through proportional representation.
At large is a description for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent a whole membership or population, rather than a subset. In multi-hierarchical bodies, the term rarely extends to a tier beneath the highest division. A contrast is implied, with certain electoral districts or narrower divisions. It can be given to the associated territory, if any, to denote its undivided nature, in a specific context. Unambiguous synonyms are the prefixes of cross-, all- or whole-, such as cross-membership, or all-state.
Block plurality voting is a winner-take-all method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled. The usual result when the candidates divide into parties is that the most popular party in the district sees its full slate of candidates elected.
Electoral districts go by different names depending on the country and the office being elected.
The Federal Government of Mexico is the national government of the United Mexican States, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states, and to represent such governments before international bodies such as the United Nations. The Mexican federal government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and functions per the Constitution of the United Mexican States, as enacted in 1917, and as amended. The executive power is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the president and her Cabinet, which, together, are independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral legislature comprising the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, the Council of the Federal Judiciary, and the collegiate, unitary, and district courts.
The National Regeneration Movement, commonly referred to by its syllabic abbreviation Morena, is a major left-wing populist political party in Mexico. As of 2023, it is the largest political party in Mexico by number of members; it has been the ruling party since 2018, and won a second term in the 2024 general election.
During the 2019 Baja California state elections the following government positions were open for election:
The 2021 Mexican local elections, held on June 6, 2021, saw voters electing fifteen governors for six-year terms, deputies for thirty state congresses, and officials for 1,910 municipalities. These elections took place concurrently with the country's federal legislative election. The elections, alongside the federal legislative election, were one of the most violent in the country's history, with 91 candidates assassinated prior to election day.
The mixed single vote (MSV) or positive vote transfer system (PVT) is a mixed-member electoral system, where voters cast a single vote in an election, which used both for electing a local candidate and as a vote for a party affiliated with that candidate according to the rules of the electoral system. Unlike the more widespread mixed proportional and mixed majoritarian systems where voters cast two votes, split-ticket voting is not possible in MSV.
The 2022 Mexican local elections, held on June 5, 2022, saw voters electing six governors for a six-year term, deputies for one state congress, and officials for 39 municipalities.
The 2023 Mexican local elections, held on 4 June 2023, saw voters electing two governors for six-year terms and deputies for one state congress.