ATK Motorcycles

ATK

Type	Various
Industry	Motorsport
Founded	1985;38 years ago (1985)
Founder	Horst Leitner
Headquarters	Centerville, Utah, U.S.
Products	Motorcycles All-terrain vehicle
Website	http://atkusa.com/

ATK is an American motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle company founded in 1985 and located in Centerville, Utah, USA. ^[1] As of 2016, it has been operating primarily to support previously sold models through parts and service manual distribution. While ATK was initially founded on in-house chassis designs and modified sourced engines, the brand has primarily focused on acquisition and badge-engineered models from multiple companies worldwide since 2004.

History

Foundation

1985 ATK 604

Manufacturer	ATK Leitner Corp
Production	1985 - 1993
Assembly	Laguna Beach, California
Predecessor	ATK 560
Successor	ATK 605
Class	Motocross
Engine	Rotax 562 cc (34.3 cu in) air cooled four-valve four-stroke single
Bore / stroke	94mmx81mm
Compression ratio	9.4:1
Top speed	<70 Mph
Power	44.1hp@8000rpm
Torque	34.0@6500rpm
Ignition type	CDI
Transmission	Manual wet-clutch 5-speed Chain Final Drive
Frame type	4130 Chrome Moly
Suspension	Front: Inverted Forks w/11.8” Travel Rear: White Power Monoshock w/12.6" Travel
Brakes	Front: Hydraulic Disc Rear: Drum
Tires	3.00x21 Front 4.50x19 Rear
Wheelbase	58 in.
Seat height	37.5 in.
Weight	252lbs (dry) 271lbs (full tank) (wet)
Fuel capacity	2.8 gal
Related	$4295 MSRP
Footnotes /references Information provided via: 1989 ATK Brochure [2] Dirt Rider Magazine Oct 1985 [3]

ATK was founded by Horst Leitner, an Austrian-born engineer, Grand Prix motocross racer, and International Six Days Trial gold medallist, following his relocation to the United States in 1980. In 1985, after successfully patenting a new motorcycle drive-tensioning system and marketing custom-frame kit bikes designed to accept Honda XR350 engines, Leitner was approached by Puch, who offered to fund a motorcycle company based on his designs. Leitner named the new venture ATK after his patented device to eliminate chain torque for improved handling. Known later as the A-Trak, Leitner originally called this device the Anti-Tension Kettenantrieb (German : Anti-Tension Chain Drive). ^[4] His first prototype machine would produce the following placements: ^[5]

• Overall win at the 1985 Four-Stroke Nationals, ridden by Brian Myerscough
• Semi-win at ABC's 1985 Superbikes Event, ridden by Steve Eklund
• 2nd in Semi at 13th overall at Ascot TT Nationals, ridden by Warren Reid
• Pro Open Class win at the 1986 Four-Stroke Championships, ridden by Doug Dubach
• Placement at the 1986 CNC Four-Stroke Nationals; Ridden by Cycle World Staff riders

By 1987, due to the high regard for ATK's chassis, which already utilized a Rotax engine, Can-Am approached ATK about creating a replacement for their off-road line using dated 250 cc and 400 cc two-stroke Rotax engines. From this foundation, ATK created the 250 and 406 models. These motorcycles retained many of ATK's unique chassis features, including a countershaft-mounted rear disc brake, side-mounted single rear shock with no linkage, offset fuel tank filler, air filter beneath the gas tank, and backward-facing brake pedal.

As the prototypes were delivered, Can-Am cancelled the deal and announced their withdrawal from the off-road motorcycle market. This led to an agreement between Leitner and North American Can-Am dealers to fund the production of the 406 and future motorcycles. ATK gained a nationwide dealer network and funding, and Can-Am dealers retained a product to sell. From 1989 until 1995, ATK was the fifth largest off-road motorcycle manufacturer in North America. ^[6] An article by Motocross Action magazine in December 2019 states that ATK produced thousands of four-stroke motorcycles since 1985, predating Japanese manufacturers' move to four-stroke engines by over a decade. ^[7]

Models

ATK initially released the 560, based on the displacement of its 562 cc (34.3 cu in) Rotax four-stroke engine. Modifications to the frame would see the designation change to the 604, which was used until the motorcycle received an engine revision in 1994. In 1988, ATK released the 406, the two-stroke air-cooled Rotax-powered model that would become synonymous with their two-stroke line. The two-stroke line was also the first to receive a second bike, a 250 cc (15 cu in) counterpart.

In 1991, Leitner sold ATK to an investment company, ^[8] who would move the corporation to Utah. The new owners would expand the product line-up greatly, offering a second four-stroke, the 350, as well as electric-start and lightened variations of most models. The company also released ATK's first ATV, based on the 604, and XR kits, a full set of ATK accoutrements that accepted a Honda XR350 engine.^{[ clarification needed ]}

1994 would see the 604 revised into the 605, as well as the introduction of the 600 Flat Track model. 1996 brought the liquid-cooled 250 and 260 lines, as well as a Limited Edition 406 send-off model as ATK retired their open-class two-stroke offering. 1999 would see the introduction of the 50MX, an introductory motocross/pit bike model sold for two years. In 2003, with the purchase of Cannondale Motorsports, ATK began to assimilate the acquired models into their line-up. Thus began a new era for the company, as it began to badge-engineer its products.

	604	604 Electric Start	604 Cross Country	350	350 Electric Start	350 Cross Country	406	406 Cross Country	250	250 Cross Country	ATK Quad	Special Models
1985	X
1986	X
1987	X
1988	X						X		X
1989		X					X		X
1990	X		X				X		X
1991	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	XR Kit
1992	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	XR Kit
1993	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	XR Kit
1994				X		X	X	X	X	X
Information provided Via ATK advertising and service manuals; see references

	605	605 Dual Sport	605 Cross Country	350	350 Dual Sport	350 Cross Country	406	406 Cross Country	250 Cross Country	250 Liquid Cooled	260 Liquid Cooled	Special Models
1994	X	X	X					X	X
1995		X	X		X	X		X	X
1996		X	X							X	X	406 Limited Edition
1997	X	X	X		X	X				X	X
1998		X	X		X	X				X	X	605 Law Enforement
Information provided Via ATK advertising and service manuals; see references

	605 Cross Country	605 Dual Sport	490 Cross Country	490 Dual Sport	350 Cross Country	350 Dual Sport	500 Flat Tracker	600 Flat Tracker	250 Liquid Cooled	260 Liquid Cooled	50cc MX	Special Models
1998								X
1999	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
2000	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
2001		X						X	X	X
2002		X						X	X	X
Information provided Via ATK advertising and service manuals; see references

Cannondale acquisition

2003 ATK-Cannondale X440

Manufacturer	Cannondale Motorsports
Production	2001 - 2003
Assembly	Bedford, Pennsylvania U.S.
Predecessor	Cannondale X400
Successor	ATK 440
Class	Motorcycle
Engine	Cannondale 432 cc (26.4 cu in) Liquid cooled 4-valve four-stroke single
Bore / stroke	3.74in × 2.4in
Compression ratio	12.5:1
Top speed	Unknown
Power	Unknown
Torque	Unknown
Ignition type	CDI
Transmission	Manual wet-clutch 5-speed Chain Final Drive
Frame type	Aluminum
Suspension	Front: Telescopic Forks Rear: Single shock
Brakes	Front: Hydraulic single disc Rear: Hydraulic Single disc
Tires	80/100 R21 Rear:110/100 R19
Wheelbase	Unknown
Seat height	Unknown
Weight	260lbs (dry)
Fuel capacity	Unknown
Related	$7999 MSRP
Footnotes /references Information provided via: [9]

The acquisition of Cannondale Motorsports by ATK was the result of a failed $80-million dollar+ investment between Cannondale Bicycle Corporation and private equity firms ^[10] in the late 1990s to create a subsidiary producing off-road motorcycles and ATV vehicles. First announced at the 1998 Cincinnati Motorcycle Dealer Show (at which Cannondale began accepting dealer orders), their X400 Motocross bike would not appear on showroom floors until 2001. ^[11] The delays in delivery were the result of several engineering issues related to the many advancements Cannondale attempted to incorporate into the motorcycle, including two engine redesigns. ^[12] The potential of the new machine was found so impressive by Dirt Bike Magazine, they named it Bike of the Year, ^[13] two years ahead of its release. In February 1999, Dirt Bike editor Ron Lawson was quoted regarding the unreleased bike's possible appeal to "older moto guys who want kind of a status symbol" as opposed to novice motorcyclists. ^[14]

Approaching release, several publications were provided with test machines. Many noted unreliability but focused on the advanced features, such as a reversed-placement engine, aluminum frame, electric start, unique air intake, and electronic fuel injection. Only one publication gave the machine a scathing review, ^[15] a foreshadowing of public reception. Once the machine was released, word of mouth and consistent recalls tanked sales. Confidence wavered, and outside investors called against Cannondale. While Cannondale attempted to correct various issues with the 2002 X440 model, it was "too little, too late", ^[16] as one publication noted in 2013. In January 2003, Cannondale Motorsports filed bankruptcy and ATK Motorcycles acquired all remaining inventory. ^{[16] [17]}

While the initial Cannondale motorcycle was considered a failure (and often appears on lists of the worst off-road motorcycles ever produced ^[18] ), the Cannondale FX400 ATV was more positively received due to its chassis. ^[19] As ATK took over sales and production of Cannondale products, the ATV required marginal attention and was re-released to the market. ATK turned their focus to the X440, continuing to improve on the 2002 model. Resolving fuel delivery issues, suspension geometry, and reliability, the machine was placed back on the market. After another brief hiatus, additional refinement and a slight displacement increase, it was rebranded as the ATK 450 and offered in various trims. These models, including the street-legal factory SuperMoto set-up, sold modestly through 2008.

For 2003, ATK continued to offer variations of the 50MX, as well as a two-stroke 125, the 250 and 260 Enduros, the four-stroke 605 and 500 Enduro, and a 600 Police Edition. The biggest news, however, was the release of the ATK 700, marketed as the Intimidator. ^[20] This rebadged 78 hp (58 kW) motocross bike with a 700 cc (43 cu in) two-stroke engine was available in limited quantities. ^[21] Along with its Maico counterpart, it ranks among the fastest off-road motorcycles ever released. ^{[22] [23]} The ATK/Maico bike was offered intermittently until 2008, ^[24] and solidified the reputation of badge engineering, partly earned by its acquisition of Cannondale.

ATK would continue to sell their 450 MX bikes and ATVs in various trim through 2008. While always marketed under the ATK banner, ATVs continued to use Cannondale graphics, and at times used the "ATK C-Dales" moniker for marketing.

Hyosung collaboration

2014 ATK-Hyosung ST7

Manufacturer	Hyosung Corp
Production	2011 - 2014
Assembly	Changwon, South Korea
Predecessor	ATK-Hyosung GV650
Successor	Hyosung ST7
Class	Motorcycle
Engine	Hyosung 678.2 cc (41.39 cu in) Liquid cooled 8-valve four-stroke 90° V-twin engine
Bore / stroke	81.5 x 65mm
Compression ratio	11.5:1
Power	46.0kW / @8000RPM
Torque	57.3Nm / @7000RPM
Ignition type	CDI
Transmission	Manual wet-clutch 5-speed Belt Final Drive
Frame type	Steel
Suspension	Front: Telescopic Forks Rear: Hydraulic Double shock
Brakes	Front: Hydraulic single disc, 4 pistons caliper Rear: Hydraulic Single disc, 2 pistons caliper
Tires	120/80-16 Front 170/80-15 Rear
Wheelbase	66.5 in.
Dimensions	L: 97.2 in. W: 37.8 in. H: 44.6 in.
Seat height	26.5 in.
Weight	538lbs (dry)
Fuel capacity	4.5 gal
Related	$7299 MSRP
Footnotes /references Information provided via: Total Motorcycles 2014 ST7 Review [25]

In November 2009, it was announced that ATK and Hyosung would be collaborating on a line of small motorcycles to be distributed through select Harley-Davidson dealerships. ^[26] While Harley-Davidson did not endorse the distribution, they did not actively prevent it until later, as Hyosung bikes were pulled from most dealerships prior to the introduction of Harley's competing small motorcycles in 2015.

In May 2011, ATK began delivering the first of three Hyosung models with ATK nameplates and a few requested changes. The market would see the distribution of the GV250, GV650 and ST7 models, each featuring the respective 250 cc (15 cu in), 650 cc (40 cu in), and 700 cc (43 cu in) V-twin engines, until S&T sold ownership of Hyosung to Kolao Holdings in 2014.

Controversies

1989 print advertisement

In 1989, ATK approved a national print advertisement campaign depicting four men of Asian descent observing an ATK motorcycle, with the tag line "To us, the Japanese all look alike". While text within the ad clarifies this is in reference to the similarities of Japanese motocross machines against the unique features of ATK's offerings, the ad has appeared in commentaries regarding racism in advertising. ^{[27] [28] [29]}

Cannondale X400 MXA review

In November 2000, Motocross Action (MXA) published a negative review of the 2001 Cannondale X400 motorcycle. While staff writers acknowledged its potential, criticisms such as soft shocks, a "weird" setup, consistent starter failure, the power band, maintenance, and safety issues (including the bike's movement without throttle input) ^[30] were more candid than most publications of the day. This led Cannondale officers to report back to investors that this review was the reason sales of the X400 were below expectation. In 2018, test rider Jody Weisel responded to the controversy in an article titled "The Worst Bikes I've ever Raced"; ^[31]

When people accuse me of being unfair to a bike in an MXA test, claiming that I am the reason that the bike failed in the public arena, I always say the same thing: “I don’t make ’em, I just break ’em.” Which leads me to my 2001 Cannondale MX400 experience. I knew this bike was a roach before it was even made.

See also

• All-terrain vehicle
• Harley-Davidson Street
• Types of motorcycles § Off-road

References

1. "ATK History". ATK Motorcycles. Archived from the original on 2005-09-23. Retrieved 2004-03-11.
2. "ATK 1989 Brochure" (PDF). ATK usa. 1988. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
3. "ATK 560; World Class on Straight Gas!" (PDF). Dirt Rider. 1985-09-03. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
4. "Patents". AMP Research. Archived from the original on 19 March 2006. Retrieved 2006-03-11.
5. "ATK 560; Anatomy of a Winner". January 1986.
6. "ATK 406 MX Racer" . Retrieved 2020-05-23.
7. "Americas Most Famous Dirt Bike Designer" . Retrieved 2020-05-23.
8. "Leitner Design (Bernard Leitner)" . Retrieved 2020-05-23.
9. "Cannondale X440 Specs". MBike. 2014. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
10. "Colossal Failure of the X440". Bike-urious. 4 March 2014. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
11. "ATK BUYS OUT CANNONDALE MOTORSPORTS INVENTORY". Motocross Action.com. 8 September 2003. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
12. "Cannondale Tackles Dirt Bikes". Enduro 360. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
13. "Cannondale Corp PDF" (PDF). Nathan Balon. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
14. "BICYCLE MAKER HAS HIGH HOPES FOR ITS FIRST MOTORCYCLE". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
15. "The Biggest Disaster in MX history". MXA. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
16. "Too Little Too Late 2002". Bike-urious.com. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
17. "ATK BUYS OUT CANNONDALE MOTORSPORTS INVENTORY". Motocross Action.com. 8 September 2003. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
18. "Worst Bikes Ever". PulpMX. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
19. "Cannondale Quads". Dirt Wheeler. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
20. "Throwback Thursday; the 700 Intimidator". 30 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
21. "2003 ATK 700 Intimidator Brochure" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-05-24.
22. "Worlds fastest bikes". 20 June 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
23. "One of the fastest dirt bikes" . Retrieved 2021-03-20.
24. "2008 ATK 700 Intimidator Brochure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
25. "2014 Hyosung ST7 Review". Total Motorcycle. 2014. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
26. "ATK and Hyosung collaborate on Bike range for Harley Dealers" . Retrieved 2020-05-23.
27. "Marketing Misfires" . Retrieved 2020-05-24.
28. "MXA AD OF THE WEEK: NO WAY TO MAKE FRIENDS". 12 October 2017. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
29. "ATK advertising in 1989". 30 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
30. "2000 MXA X400 Review". 22 December 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
31. "The Worst Bikes I've ever Raced" . Retrieved 2020-05-24.