Apium graveolens | |
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Growing in Spiekeroog, Germany | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Apiales |
Family: | Apiaceae |
Genus: | Apium |
Species: | A. graveolens |
Binomial name | |
Apium graveolens L. [1] | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Apium graveolens is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It has a broad native distribution from Macaronesia in the west, through Europe as far as the western Himalayas, and through North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.
Wild Apium graveolens, known as wild celery or smallage, [note 1] is used for flavoring food. The species was later used as a vegetable, particularly in Italy. Modern cultivars have been selected for their leaf stalks (celery), a large bulb-like hypocotyl (celeriac), or their leaves (leaf celery).
Apium graveolens is a stout biennial plant, producing flowers and seeds only during its second year. It grows up to 1 m (3 ft) tall. Its stems are solid with grooves on the surface (sulcate). Its leaves are 1- to 2-pinnate with leaflets that are variously shaped, often rhomboid, up to 6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) long and 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) broad. The flowers are produced in umbels, mostly with short peduncles, with four to twelve rays. Individual flowers are creamy-white, 2–3 mm (3⁄32–1⁄8 in) across. The fruit is broadly ovoid to globose, 1.5–2 mm (1⁄16–5⁄64 in) long and wide. [2] [3]
The species Apium graveolens was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. [4] A large number of varieties have been described, none of which are accepted by Plants of the World Online as of May 2024 [update] . [1] Cultivars have been given either botanical variety names or names under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Thus cultivated celery may be called Apium graveolens var. dulce, [5] or Apium graveolens Dulce Group. [6]
Apium graveolens is native from Macaronesia in the west, through Europe to the Caucasus and Central Asia, and as far as the western Himalayas, and through North Africa to West Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. It is widely naturalized outside this range, including in North and South America, Africa, India, China and South-east Asia. [1] Cultivars may also be naturalized. [2]
Wild celery is a plant of damp places, usually near the coast where the soil is salty. [2] [7] North of the Alps, wild celery is found only in the foothill zone on soils with some salt content. [8]
Wild celery was used for its medical properties and as a condiment by the Ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, and also in China. The species was later developed as a vegetable, particularly in Italy from the 16th century. Modern cultivars have been selected for different uses, falling into three groups according to the part that is mainly eaten: [3]
Celery is a cultivated plant belonging to the species Apium graveolens in the family Apiaceae that has been used as a vegetable since ancient times. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Celery seed powder is used as a spice. Celeriac and leaf celery are different groups of cultivars of Apium graveolens.
Parsley, or garden parsley is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to Greece, Morocco and the former Yugoslavia. It has been introduced and naturalized in Europe and elsewhere in the world with suitable climates, and is widely cultivated as a herb, and a vegetable.
Begonia is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species. The Begonias are native to moist subtropical and tropical climates. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates. In cooler climates some species are cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have sepals but no petals.
Celeriac, also called celery root, knob celery, and turnip-rooted celery, is a group of cultivars of Apium graveolens cultivated for their edible bulb-like hypocotyl, and shoots.
The cardoon, also called the artichoke thistle, is a thistle in the family Asteraceae. It is a naturally occurring species that also has many cultivated forms, including the globe artichoke. It is native to the Mediterranean region, where it was domesticated in ancient times and still occurs as a wild plant.
Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum. It is native to Southeast Europe and Western Asia, and is naturalised in the British Isles and scattered locations in North America. Also naturalized in parts of SE Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers. P. cerasifera is believed to one of the parents of the Cultivated Plum, Prunus domestica perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa, or perhaps the sole parent. This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe - Victoria, greengages, bullace etc.
Hosta is a genus of plants commonly known as hostas, plantain lilies and occasionally by the Japanese name gibōshi. Hostas are widely cultivated as shade-tolerant foliage plants. The genus is currently placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, and is native to northeast Asia. Like many "lilioid monocots", the genus was once classified in the Liliaceae. The genus was named by Austrian botanist Leopold Trattinnick in 1812, in honor of the Austrian botanist Nicholas Thomas Host. In 1817, the generic name Funkia was used by German botanist Kurt Sprengel in honor of Heinrich Christian Funck, a collector of ferns and alpines; this was later used as a common name and can be found in some older literature.
Rosa gallica, the Gallic rose, French rose, or rose of Provins, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the Caucasus. Rosa gallica was one of the first species of rose to be cultivated in central Europe. It is a parent of several important cultivars.
Apium is a genus of about 20 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, with a subcosmopolitan distribution in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. They are medium to tall biennials or perennials growing up to 1 m high in the wet soil of marshes and salt marshes, and have pinnate to bipinnate leaves and small white flowers in compound umbels. Some species are edible, notably Apium graveolens, which includes the commercially important vegetables celery, celeriac and Chinese celery. Apium bermejoi from the island of Menorca is one of the rarest plants in Europe, with fewer than 100 individuals left.
Astilbe is a genus of 18 species of rhizomatous flowering plants within the family Saxifragaceae, native to mountain ravines and woodlands in Asia and North America. Some species are known by the common names false goat's beard and false spirea.
Leaf celery, also called Chinese celery or Nan Ling celery, is a group of cultivars of Apium graveolens cultivated in East Asian countries for their edible, flavorful stalks and leaves.
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly named the wild daffodil or Lent lily, is a perennial flowering plant.
In enzymology, a mannitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.255) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Apium prostratum, commonly known as sea celery, is a variable herb native to coastal Australia and New Zealand. The leaves are variable, with toothed leaflets, and a celery like aroma. The tiny white flowers occur in clusters.
Wild celery is a common name for several plants. It can refer to:
Apium virus Y (ApVY) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae.
Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae .
Oenanthe javanica, commonly Java waterdropwort, water celery, water dropwort, Chinese celery, Indian pennywort, minari and Japanese parsley, is a plant of the genus Oenanthe originating from East Asia. It has a widespread native distribution in temperate Asia and tropical Asia, and is also native to Queensland, Australia.
Cyclamen persicum, the Persian cyclamen, is a species of flowering herbaceous perennial plant growing from a tuber, native to rocky hillsides, shrubland, and woodland up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level, from south-central Turkey to the Levant. It also grows in Algeria and Tunisia and on the Greek islands of Rhodes, Karpathos, and Crete, where it may have been introduced by monks. Cultivars of this species are the commonly seen florist's cyclamen.