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Anthroposophy is a spiritual new religious movement which was founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world, accessible to human experience. Followers of anthroposophy aim to engage in spiritual discovery through a mode of thought independent of sensory experience. Though proponents claim to present their ideas in a manner that is verifiable by rational discourse and say that they seek precision and clarity comparable to that obtained by scientists investigating the physical world, many of these ideas have been termed pseudoscientific by experts in epistemology and debunkers of pseudoscience.
Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as a literary critic and published works including The Philosophy of Freedom. At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy. His teachings are influenced by Christian Gnosticism or neognosticism. Many of his ideas are pseudoscientific. He was also prone to pseudohistory.
The Christian Community is an esoteric Christian denomination. It was founded in 1922 in Switzerland by a group of ecumenically oriented, mainly Lutheran theologians and ministers, who were inspired by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher and founder of anthroposophy. They were led by liberal theologian Friedrich Rittelmeyer, who had been the most prominent representative of liberal Lutheranism in Germany during the First World War and whose early theological work had focused on the concept of a socially engaged "Christianity of deeds" (Tatchristentum).
The General Anthroposophical Society is an "association of people whose will it is to nurture the life of the soul, both in the individual and in human society, on the basis of a true knowledge of the spiritual world." As an organization, it is dedicated to supporting the community of those interested in the inner path of schooling known as anthroposophy, developed by Rudolf Steiner.
Eurythmy is an expressive movement art originated by Rudolf Steiner in conjunction with his wife, Marie, in the early 20th century. Primarily a performance art, it is also used in education, especially in Waldorf schools, and – as part of anthroposophic medicine – for claimed therapeutic purposes.
Emil Molt was a German industrialist, social reformer and anthroposophist. He was the director of the Waldorf-Astoria-Zigarettenfabrik, and with Rudolf Steiner co-founded the first Waldorf school. Hence, Waldorf education was named after the company.
Karl König was an Austrian paediatrician who founded the Camphill Movement, an international movement of therapeutic intentional communities for those with special needs or disabilities.
This article on the history of Waldorf schools includes descriptions of the schools' historical foundations, geographical distribution and internal governance structures.
Waldorf education, also known as Steiner education, is based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy. Its educational style is holistic, intended to develop pupils' intellectual, artistic, and practical skills, with a focus on imagination and creativity. Individual teachers have a great deal of autonomy in curriculum content, teaching methods, and governance. Qualitative assessments of student work are integrated into the daily life of the classroom, with standardized testing limited to what is required to enter post-secondary education.
Rotvoll is a neighbourhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Charlottenlund. It is located next to the Trondheim fjord between Leangen to the west and Grillstad to the east.
Peter Selg is a German psychiatrist. He was born in Stuttgart and studied medicine in Witten-Herdecke, Zurich, and Berlin. Until 2000, he worked as the head physician of the juvenile psychiatry department of Herdecke hospital in Germany. Selg is director of the Ita Wegman Institute for Basic Research into Anthroposophy and professor of medicine at the Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences (Germany). He lectures extensively and is the author of numerous books.
Thomas Weihs was an Austrian doctor and special needs educator, one of the founders of the Camphill Movement and a pioneer of Anthroposophical curative education.
Wilhelm Ernst Barkhoff was a German solicitor, founder of anthroposophically oriented alternative banking, the GLS Bank, reformer of the German welfare system and inspirer of the movement for Ethical banking.
Rudi Lissau, born 26 June 1911 in Vienna and died 30 January 2004 in Brookthorpe, United Kingdom, was a Steiner school teacher, author, lecturer and anthroposophist.
Sunfield is a private special school, Children's Home and charity on the border of Worcestershire and the West Midlands in England. It was founded in 1930 and now supports boys and girls, aged 6 – 19 years, with complex learning needs, including autism.
Hans Schauder, was a British medical adviser and counsellor, co-founder of Camphill Community, founder of Garvald School & Training Centre
The Garvald Centres are a group of six affiliated but independent Scottish charities that support people with special needs and learning disabilities. It is based on the work of the Austrian esotericist. The charities operate in the Midlothian, Scottish Borders and Edinburgh location of Scotland.
Carlo Pietzner (1915-1986) was a co-founder of Camphill, artist, anthroposophist, and a special needs and adult educator.
Julian Sleigh was a Christian Community priest, councillor, founding member of Camphill in South Africa and author.
References
- ↑ At Camphill Kimberton, crafting a different way to live - Pilly.com 2013-10-05
- ↑ "Camphill Worldwide : Creating opportunities for people with special needs". Archived from the original on 2015-03-10. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
- ↑ Robin Jackson, The role of social pedagogy in the training of residential child care workers, Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2006 Vol. 10, No. 1, 61-73
- ↑ Holistic Special Education: Camphill Principles and Practice. 2006, Floris Books, Edinburgh
- ↑ Marga Hogenboom,Living With Genetic Syndromes Associated With Mental Disability, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2001
- ↑ Busalle, Rebecca, Cornelius Pietzner, and Stephan Rasch. "The life of the soul". Aperture, Summer 1996 n144: 26(10).
- ↑ Todd Saunders, Ecology and Community Design: Lessons from Northern European Ecological Communities, Alternatives Journal, Vol 22, Apr/May 1996
- ↑ "Camphill Worldwide : Creating opportunities for people with special needs". Archived from the original on 2015-03-10. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
- ↑ Jackson, Robin (2019). "The birth of the worldwide Camphill Movement in the North of Scotland". Northern Scotland. 10 (2): 157–187. doi:10.3366/nor.2019.0185. S2CID 211670655.
- ↑ Jackson, Robin (2017). "The influence of Moravian Brethren religious thought and practice on the development of Camphill communities". Communal Societies. 37: 25–51.
- ↑ Report Demonstrates Standards of Excellence at Aberdeen Special Needs School, press release, 12 September 2007. Retrieved on 28 March 2008. Archived on 2010-01-18.
- ↑ Camphill Rudolf Steiner Schools. Retrieved on 23 March 2008.
- ↑ HM Inspectorate of Education, Inspection Report: Camphill Rudolf Steiner Schools Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine , 12 September 2007. Retrieved on 23 March 2008.
- ↑ Autism Services Directory: Camphill School Aberdeen. Retrieved on 23 March 2008.
- ↑ "The Deputy Prime Minister's Award." Learning Disability Practice 9.2 (March 2006): 26(1)
