Canacidae

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Canacidae
Tethina lusitanica.jpg
Tethina lusitanica Munari, 2009
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Carnoidea
Family: Canacidae
Jones, 1906
Subfamilies
Synonyms

Canacidae, incorrectly Canaceidae, or beach flies, surf or surge flies, is a family of Diptera. There are 113 species in 12 genera. [3] [4] [5] [6] The family now includes Tethininae as a subfamily.

Contents

face on view of the head of Canace ranula, Loew CanaceRanulaLoew.jpg
face on view of the head of Canace ranula, Loew
Wing venation Canacidae wing veins-1.svg
Wing venation

Family description

For terms see Morphology of Diptera.

Minute (1.6–5 mm) yellow, grey or grey-brown pruinose flies with whitish to greyish markings. The head is large with small antenna bearing bare to pubescent arista. The "mouth" is a large oval opening. There are three or four pairs of orbital bristles on the head directed outward (inset upswept). Postvertical bristles are absent but diverging pseudopostocellar bristles are present. Other head bristles present are ocellar bristles, 2-5 pairs of frontal bristles, curving outward, interfrontal bristles and vibrissae ("whiskers"). The genae are high with 1 or more upcurving bristles. Tibiae are without a dorsal preapical bristle.

The wing is unmarked in almost all species. The costa has a subcostal break; the subcosta is parallel to vein R1 and merging with that vein just before the costa. Tibiae without dorsal preapical bristle.

See Drawings of Canace.

Classification

Biology

Canacidae are mostly intertidal flies. They are found along sea coasts, on the surface of small water bodies, saline and fresh, at places protected from wind. They feed on Infusoria and other minute organisms.

Related Research Articles

Canacinae is a subfamily of beach flies in the family of Canacidae.

Canace is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are of Afrotropical or Palaearctic distribution.

Dynomiellini, is a tribe of beach flies in the family of Canacidae.

Canacea is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Nearctic or Neotropical.

Chaetocanace is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Asian or Australasian.

Dynomiella is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Afrotropical.

Isocanace is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Australasian or Afrotropical.

Xanthocanace is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Oriental, Palearctic, or Afrotropical.

Horaismopterinae is a subfamily of beach flies in the family of Canacidae. There are 5 species in 2 genera, all inhabiting oceanic seashores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tethininae</span> Subfamily of flies

Tethininae, formally the family Tethinidae is a paraphyletic group of tiny drab-coloured or grey Acalyptratae flies. There are over 115 species in 7 genera known from all zoogeographic regions. They are inconspicuous flies which are still poorly known in some remote, huge, tropical areas.

Dasyrhicnoessa is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Afrotropical, Neotropical, Indomalayan, or Australasian-Oceanian in distribution.

<i>Tethina</i> Genus of flies

Tethina is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. They are found in all terrestrial biogeographic realms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ephydrinae</span> Subfamily of flies

Ephydrinae is a subfamily of shore flies in the family Ephydridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilytheinae</span> Subfamily of flies

Ilytheinae is a subfamily of shore flies in the family Ephydridae.

Hecamede is a genus of shore flies.

<i>Paralimna</i> Genus of flies

Paralimna is a genus of shore flies.

<i>Brachydeutera</i> Genus of flies

Brachydeutera is a genus of shore flies in the family Ephydridae. There are about 16 described species in the genus Brachydeutera.

Discomyzinae is a subfamily of shore flies in the family Ephydridae.

<i>Setacera breviventris</i> Species of fly

Setacera breviventris is a species of shore flies in the family Ephydridae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jones, B.J. (1906). "Catalogue of the Ephydridae, with bibliography and description of new species". University of California Publications in Entomology. University of California, Los Angeles. 1 (2): 153–198.
  2. 1 2 3 Hendel, Friedrich (1916). "Beiträge zur Systematik der Acalyptraten Musciden (Dipt.)". Entomologische Mitteilungen. 5 (9–12): 294–299. Retrieved 2019-11-16.
  3. ↑ Mathis, Wayne N. (1992). "World Catalog of the Beach-Fly Family Canacidae (Diptera)". Smithson. Contributions Zool. (Print). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. 536 (536): 1–18. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.536.
  4. ↑ Munari, Lorenzo; Mathis, Wayne N. (2010). "World Catalog of the Family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa" (PDF). Zootaxa. Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press. 2471: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2471.1.1. ISSN   1175-5334 . Retrieved 25 January 2012.
  5. ↑ Mathis, Wayne N (1998). Papp, L; Darvas, B (eds.). Family Canacidae. Contributions to a Manual of palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Budapest: Science Herald. pp. 251–257.
  6. ↑ Mathis, Wayne N; Freidberg, A. (1991). "Review of Afrotropical beach flies of the tribe Canacini and subfamily Nocticanacinae (Diptera: Canacidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington DC, USA: Entomological Society of Washington. 93: 70–85. ISSN   0013-8797.
  7. 1 2 3 Haliday, A.H. (1837). "New British Insects Indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 2 (9): 183–190. doi:10.1080/00222933809512369.
  8. 1 2 Mathis, W.N. (1982). "Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. Smithsonian. 347: iii+1–29.
  9. ↑ Cresson, E.T. Jr. (1924). "Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Dipterous Family Ephydridae, Paper VI". Entomological News. 35 (5): 159–164.
  10. 1 2 Hendel, Friedrich (1914). "Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.) III. In , H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute". Supplementa Entomologica. 3: 90–117.
  11. ↑ Giordani Soika, A. (1956). "Diagnosi preliminari di nuovi Ephydridae e Canaceidae della Regione etiopica e del Madagascar (Diptera)". Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia. 9: 123–130.
  12. ↑ Wirth, W.W. (1951). "A revision of the dipterous family Canaceidae". Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Bishop Museum. 20 (14): 245–275.
  13. ↑ Mathis, W.N.; Munari, L. (1996). "World Catalog of the Family Tethinidae (Diptera)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. Smithsonian. 584 (584): iv+1–27. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.584.
  14. ↑ Eaton, A.E. (1875). "Breves Dipterarum uniusque Lepidopterarum insulae Kerguelensi indigenarum diagnoses". The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 12: 58–61.
  15. ↑ Sabrosky, C.W. (1978). "The family position of the peculiar genus Horaismoptera (Diptera: Tethinidae)". Entomologica Germanica. 4 (3–4): 327–336. doi:10.1127/entom.germ/4/1978/327.
  16. ↑ Hendel, Friedrich (1907). "Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien. (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden.)". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 26: 223–245, 1 pl. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.8886 . Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  17. ↑ Malloch, J.R. (1930). "New Zealand Muscidae Acalyptratae. Family Helomyzidae. (Supplement)". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3: 333–344.
  18. 1 2 Mathis, W.N. (1982). "Description of a new species of Nocticanace Malloch (Diptera: Canacidae) from Sri Lanka with notes on two related species". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. The Entomological Society of Washington. 84 (3): 421–425.
  19. ↑ Munari, Lorenzo (1986). "Contributo alla conoscenza dei Tethinidae afrotropicali. II. Considerazioni tassonomiche sulla sottofamiglia Horaismopterinae Sabr. e descrizione di un genere e due specie nuove (Diptera, Tethinidae)". Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori. 11: 41–52.
  20. ↑ Hendel, Friedrich (1934). "Revision der Tethiniden (Dipt. Muscid. acal.)". Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. Amsterdam: Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. 77: 37–54.
  21. ↑ Munari, Lorenzo (2000). "Beach Flies from South-Western coast of Australia, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Two New Species (Diptera Tethinidae)". Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 132 (3): 237–248.
  22. ↑ Malloch, John Russel (1914). "Formosan Agromyzidae" (PDF). Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 12: 306–336. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  23. 1 2 Munari, Lorenzo (2004). "Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of two new genera and ten new species" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. Australian Museum, Sydney. 56 (1): 29–56. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1395. ISSN   0067-1975 . Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  24. ↑ Freidberg, A. (1995). "A study of Zaleinae, a taxon transitional between Canacidae and Tethinidae (Diptera), with the description of a new genus and species". Entomologica Scandinavica. 26 (4): 447–457. doi:10.1163/187631295x00107.
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