Tanyderidae

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Tanyderidae
Temporal range: Norian–Recent
Mischoderus annuliferus 55806685.jpg
Mischoderus annuliferus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Infraorder: Psychodomorpha
Family: Tanyderidae
Osten-Sacken, 1880
Genera
Synonyms

Macrochilidae

Tanyderidae, sometimes called primitive crane flies, are long, delicate flies with spotted or mottled wings, superficially resembling true crane flies (Tipulidae). Adults are typically found resting on vegetation near streams, while larvae occur in wet, decaying wood or along sandy and gravelly stream margins. Several fossil species are also known.

Contents

Description and distribution

Members of the family Tanyderidae resemble medium- to large-sized crane flies but retain a number of primitive features, including the full complement of five branches of the radial wing vein—structures that have been lost in most modern flies. [2] These characteristics, combined with their limited diversity of about forty known species, suggest that the group represents a relict lineage within the Nematocera.

Their distribution is fragmented across temperate regions of both hemispheres, with species recorded from southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and both North and South America. Tanyderidae are relatively common in southern Chile and New Zealand, where larvae inhabit submerged wood or coarse gravel in flowing streams, but are infrequently encountered elsewhere. [2]

Adult tanyderids are easily recognized by their patterned wings and are often found hanging beneath bridges or from streamside vegetation. Like many lower Diptera, they are frequently attracted to artificial lights at night. [2]

Taxonomy

Based on [3] [4] [5] [6]

References

  1. 1 2 Men, Q.; Hu, Z.; Xu, L. (2020). "The first representative of Espanoderus and one new species of Similinannotanyderus (Diptera: Tanyderidae) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar". Cretaceous Research. 111 104442. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104442. S2CID   216259341.
  2. 1 2 3 Marshall, Stephen A. (2012). Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books. p. 130. ISBN   978-1-77085-100-9.
  3. ↑ Madriz Villanueva, Ruben Isai (2017). The primitive crane flies (Diptera: Tanyderidae) (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository. doi: 10.31274/etd-180810-5802 .
  4. ↑ "Tanyderidae - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
  5. ↑ Lukashevich, Elena D. (2018-08-04). "Male terminalia and their rotation in Tanyderidae (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera) since the Mesozoic" . Historical Biology. 32 (4): 462–475. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1500568. ISSN   0891-2963. S2CID   92568272.
  6. ↑ "Fossilworks: Tanyderidae". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
  7. ↑ Lukashevich, E. D.; Ansorge, J. (2025). "Late Triassic immature Diptera (Insecta): aquatic and rheophilic". PalZ. doi: 10.1007/s12542-025-00732-1 .
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