Pipunculidae

Last updated

Pipunculidae
Temporal range: Ypresian - Present
Verrallia aucta.jpg
Verrallia aucta , Chalarinae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Superfamily: Syrphoidea
Family: Pipunculidae
Walker, 1834
Subfamilies
Synonyms
  • Dorilaidae
  • Dorylaidae

Pipunculidae is a family of flies (Diptera) commonly termed big-headed flies, [1] a reference to the large (holoptic) eyes, which cover nearly the entire head. The family is found worldwide and more than 1300 species have been described.

Contents

The larvae of Pipunculidae develop as parasitoids almost exclusively in Auchenorrhyncha, the exception being the genus Nephrocerus , whose hosts are adult Tipulidae (crane flies). The larvae develop rapidly within the crane flies before pupating in the soil. [2] In all pipunculids there are only two larval stages. Some species are used as biological control agents in rice fields.

Evolution

Molecular analysis show that Pipunculidae appeared in the Maastrichtian age of the Cretaceous. [3] The oldest fossils of this group were found in the Eocene formations. North American Metanephrocerus belgardeae and Priabona florissantius were collected from the Ypresian and Priabonian deposits, respectively. Younger specimens of Pipunculidae were discovered in the Miocene Dominican amber. [3]

Taxonomy

Taxonomy as shown at the Tree of life, [4] with modification based on Kehlmaier, Dierick and Skevington (2014). [5] The name Pipunculidae is derived from the type genus Pipunculus which is thought to be derived from Latin pepo for pumpkin, thus pipunculus would mean "little pumpkin", referring to the large heads. [6]

Subfamily Chalarinae

Subfamily Nephrocerinae

Subfamily Protonephrocerinae

Subfamily Pipunculinae

See also

Related Research Articles

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1939.

<i>Metanephrocerus</i> Extinct genus of flies

Metanephrocerus is an extinct genus of big-headed flies in the dipteran subfamily Protonephrocerinae, for which it is one of only two genera. The genus contains four described species, Metanephrocerus belgardeae, M. collini, M. groehni, and M. hoffeinsorum. Metanephrocerus is known from a group of Middle Eocene fossils which were found in Europe and a single early Eocene fossil from North America.

Priabona is an extinct genus of big-headed flies in the dipteran subfamily Nephrocerinae, within which it is one of only two genera. The genus contains a single described species, Priabona florissantius. Priabona is known from a single Late Eocene fossil from western North America.

Pipunculus campestris is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae. It is found in the Palearctic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pipunculinae</span> Subfamily of flies

Pipunculinae is a subfamily of big-headed flies.

Dorylomorpha is a genus of flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae.

Cephalops is a genus of flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae.

The Prussian Formation, previously known as the Amber Formation, is a geologic formation in Prussia, today mostly Kaliningrad Oblast that dates to the Eocene. It holds 90% of the world's amber supply and Baltic amber is found exclusively in the Prussian Formation.

Jassidophaga is a genus of flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae.

Cephalosphaera is a genus of flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chalarinae</span> Subfamily of flies

Chalarinae is a subfamily of big-headed flies.

Microcephalopsini is a tribe of big-headed flies.

Claraeola is a genus of flies in the family Pipunculidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eudorylini</span> Subfamily of flies

Eudorylini is a tribe of big-headed flies.

<i>Clistoabdominalis</i> Genus of flies

Clistoabdominalis is a genus of flies in the family Pipunculidae.

<i>Eudorylas</i> Genus of flies

Eudorylas is a genus of flies in the family Pipunculidae.

Pipunculus hertzogi is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae.

Pipunculus lenis is a species of fly in the Genus Pipunculus in the family Pipunculidae.

Pipunculus violovitshi is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae.

References

  1. ↑ Coe, R.L. (1966). Pipunculidae (PDF). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 10. p. 83. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  2. ↑ Koenig, D.P. & C.W. Young. (January 2007). "First observation of parasitic relations between bigheaded flies of the genus Nephrocerus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) and crane flies of the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tupulidae: Tipulinae), with larval and puparial descriptions of Nephrocerus atrapilus Skevington". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 109 (1). Washington DC: Allen Press/The Entomological Society of Washington: 52–65. ISSN   0013-8797.
  3. 1 2 Archibald, SB; Kehlmaier, C; Mathewes, RW (2014). "Early Eocene big headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 146 (4): 429–443. doi:10.4039/tce.2013.79.
  4. ↑ Pipunculidae at the Tree of life
  5. ↑ Kehlmaier, C; Dierick, M; Skevington, JH (2014). "Micro-CT studies of amber inclusions reveal internal genitalic features of big-headed flies, enabling a systematic placement of Metanephrocerus Aczel, 1948 (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae)". Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 72 (1): 23–36. doi: 10.3897/asp.72.e31784 .
  6. ↑ Cameron, H. D. (1974). "The Etymology of the Names Pipunculus Latreille and Dorilas Meigen (Diptera, Pipunculidae)". The Great Lakes Entomologist. 7 (1): 31–32.
  7. ↑ Walker, F. (1834). "Observations on the British species of Pipunculidae". Entomological Magazine. 2: 262–270. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 Aczél, M.L. (1939). "Das System der Familie Dorylaidae. Dorylaiden-Studien I". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 125: 15–23.
  9. ↑ Mik, J. (1899). "Verrallia nov. gen. Pipunculidarum (Dipt.)". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 18: 133–137. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  10. ↑ Zetterstedt, J. W. (1838). Dipterologis Scandinaviae. Sect. 3: Diptera, pp. 477-868. In his Insecta Lapponica. Lipsiae [= Leipzig]. pp. vi + 1, 140.
  11. ↑ Collin, J.E. (1931). "Platypezidae, Pipunculidae". Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 3: 49–61.
  12. ↑ Fallen, C.F. (1810). Specim. entomolog. novam Diptera disponendi methodum exhibens. Lund: Berlingianis. pp. 26 pp., 1 pl. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  13. ↑ Enderlein, G. (1936). 22. Ordnung: Zweiflugler, Diptera. Abt. 16, pp. 1-259 [= lfg. 2, in part]. In Brohmer, P., Ehrmann, P. & Ulmer, G. (eds.), Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Vol. 6. Insekten. III. Teil., . Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer.
  14. 1 2 3 Aczél, M.L. (1940). "Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Dorylaiden (Diptera). Dorylaiden-Studien V". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 132: 149–169.
  15. ↑ De Meyer, Marc (1990). "Systematics of the Nearctic species of the genus Cephalops Fallen (Diptera, Pipunculidae)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie. (1989) 69: 99–130. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  16. ↑ Hardy, D.E. (1943). "A revision of Nearctic Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae)". Kansas University Science Bulletin. 29 (1): 3–231 8 pl.
  17. ↑ Rafael, J.A. (1986). "Amazunculus, a new genus of pipunculid from the Amazon basin (Diptera, Pipunculidae)". Amazoniana. 10 (1): 15–19.
  18. ↑ Rafael, J.A. (1987). "Basileunculus, um genero novo de Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao neotropical com chave para as especies". Acta Amazonica. 16/17: 627–634. doi: 10.1590/1809-43921987171634 . Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  19. 1 2 Skevington, J.H.; Yeates, D.K. (2001). "Phylogenetic classification of Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae)". Systematic Entomology. 26 (4): 421–452. doi:10.1046/j.0307-6970.2001.00160.x. S2CID   83367723.
  20. ↑ Rafael, J.A. . (1987). "Two new genera of Pipunculidae (Diptera) from the New World: Metadorylas, gen. n. and Elmohardyia gen. n., with synonyms, designation of lectotypes and revalidation of a species". Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 31: 35–39.
  21. ↑ Latreille, P.A. (1802). Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des crustaces et des insectes. Tome troisieme. Paris: Dufart. pp. xii + 13–467 + 1 pp.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.