Anthomyzidae

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Anthomyzidae
Temporal range: Eocene–Recent
Anthomyza gracilis 02.JPG
Anthomyza gracilis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Opomyzoidea
Family: Anthomyzidae
Czerny, 1903
Genera
  • See text

Anthomyzidae is small, slender, yellow to black flies with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from Europe. Although they occur in all major regions, they seem to be most varied in the Holarctic region.

Contents

Around 20 diverse genera have been placed in the family. Two, Teratomyza and Teratoptera, are now in the Teratomyzidae, and Cyamops and Stenomicra are in the Stenomicridae. Melanthomyza Malloch from Chile should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.

Description

Anthomyzidae wing veins Anthomyzidae wing veins-1.svg
Anthomyzidae wing veins

For terms see Morphology of Diptera

These are minute to small (1.3-4.5 mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common Anthomyza and Paranthomyza, the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete.

Biology

Anthomyza sp. ovipositing on an old (empty) head of grass

Larvae have been reported from decaying dicotyledonous plants, from fungi, and in Europe from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of Typha, Scirpus , and Juncus , from Lipara galls on Phragmites . They may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but damage to cereals or other plants has not been reported.

Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of Anthomyza and the brachypterous Stiphrosoma sabulosum).

Phylogeny and taxa

   Opomyzoidea   
  Clusioinea  

  Clusiidae [1]

  Agromyzoinea  

  Odiniidae

  Fergusoninidae

  Agromyzidae

  Opomyzoinea  

  Opomyzidae+Anthomyzidae

 Asteioinea

Lacrimyza lacrimosa in Baltic Amber Baltic amber fossil Anthomyzidae Fig5 Lacrimyza lacrimosa.png
Lacrimyza lacrimosa in Baltic Amber
Protanthomyza grimaldii in Baltic amber Protanthomyza grimaldii holotype male fig1.jpg
Protanthomyza grimaldii in Baltic amber
Reliquantha eocena in Baltic amber Baltic amber fossil Anthomyzidae Fig4 Reliquantha eocena.png
Reliquantha eocena in Baltic amber

The family includes a number of genera in two subfamilies. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leander Czerny</span> Austrian entomologist (1859–1944)

Leander (Franz) Czerny was an Austrian entomologist and priest. He was mainly interested in Diptera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphaeroceridae</span> Family of insects

Sphaeroceridae are a family of true flies in the order Diptera, often called small dung flies, lesser dung flies or lesser corpse flies due to their saprophagous habits. They belong to the typical fly suborder Brachycera as can be seen by their short antennae, and more precisely they are members of the section Schizophora. There are over 1,300 species and about 125 genera accepted as valid today, but new taxa are still being described.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heleomyzidae</span> Family of flies

The Heleomyzidae is a small family of true flies in the insect order Diptera. Over 740 described species of Heleomyzidae occur in about 76 genera distributed throughout the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Micropezidae</span> Family of flies

The Micropezidae are a moderate-sized family of acalyptrate muscoid flies in the insect order Diptera, comprising about 500 species in about 50 genera and five subfamilies worldwide,. They are most diverse in tropical and subtropical habitats, especially in the Neotropical Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dolichopodidae</span> Family of flies

Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 7,000 described species in about 230 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Empididae</span> Family of flies

Empididae is a family of flies with over 3,000 described species occurring worldwide in all the biogeographic realms but the majority are found in the Holarctic. They are mainly predatory flies like most of their relatives in the Empidoidea, and exhibit a wide range of forms but are generally small to medium-sized, non-metallic and rather bristly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lauxaniidae</span> Family of flies

The Lauxaniidae are a family of acalyptrate flies. They generally are small flies with large compound eyes that often are brightly coloured in life, sometimes with characteristic horizontal stripes, such as in Cestrotus species. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies, except for genera such as Cestrotus, whose camouflage mimics lichens or the texture of granitic rocks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lonchaeidae</span> Family of flies

The Lonchaeidae are a family of acalyptrate flies commonly known as lance flies. About 500 described species are placed into 9 genera. These are generally small but robustly built flies with blue-black or metallic bodies. They are found, mainly in wooded areas, throughout the world with the exception of polar regions and New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chamaemyiidae</span> Family of flies

The Chamaemyiidae are a small family of acalyptrate flies with less than 200 species described worldwide. The larvae of these small flies are active and predatory and are often used for biological control of aphids, scale insects, and similar pests. Chamaemyiid fossils are poorly represented in amber deposits, but a few examples are known from the Eocene epoch onwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opomyzidae</span> Family of flies

Opomyzidae is a family of acalyptrate Diptera. They are generally small, slender, yellow, brown or black coloured flies. The larval food plants are grasses, including cereal crops, the adults are mainly found in open habitats. Some species being agricultural pests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odiniidae</span> Family of flies

Odiniidae is a small family of flies. There are only 58 described species but there are representatives in all the major biogeographic realms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dryomyzidae</span> Family of flies

The Dryomyzidae are a small family of flies ranging from 4–18 mm long, with prominent bristles, and yellow to brown or rust-yellow coloring. The wings are very large. The subcosta is complete and well separated from vein 1. Larvae feed on decaying organic matter - carrion, dung, and fungi. The prelambrum protrudes from the oral cavity. Vibrissae are absent and the postvertical bristles are divergent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asteiidae</span> Family of flies

Asteiidae is a small but widespread family of acalyptrate flies or Diptera. About 130 species in 10 genera have been described worldwide. They are rarely collected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clusiidae</span> Family of flies

Clusiidae or "druid flies" is a family of small, thin, yellow to black acalyptrate flies with a characteristic antenna and with the wing usually partially infuscated. They have a cylindrical body. The head is round, the vertical plate reaches the anterior margin of the frons and the vibrissae on the head are large. The costa is interrupted near subcosta and the latter developed throughout length. Larvae are found in the bark of trees, the flies on trunks. The larvae are notable for their ability to jump. Males of many species in the subfamily Clusiodinae have been observed while engaged in lekking behaviour. There are hundreds of species in 14 genera found in all the Ecoregions, although most species occur in tropical regions. The type genus is Clusia Haliday, 1838.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platypezidae</span> Family of flies

Platypezidae is a family of true flies of the superfamily Platypezoidea. The more than 250 species are found worldwide primarily in woodland habitats. A common name is flat-footed flies, but this is also used for the closely related Opetiidae which were formerly included in the Platypezidae.

Anagnota is a genus of flies of the family Anthomyzidae. Currently there are four described species that occur in the Palaearctic region:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tethininae</span> Subfamily of flies

Tethininae, formally the family Tethinidae is a paraphyletic group of tiny drab-coloured or grey Acalyptratae flies. There are over 115 species in 7 genera known from all zoogeographic regions. They are inconspicuous flies which are still poorly known in some remote, huge, tropical areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Limosininae</span> Subfamily of flies

Limosininae is a subfamily of flies belonging to the family Sphaeroceridae, the lesser dung flies.

Minilimosina is a genus of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies.

<i>Spelobia baezi</i> Species of fly

Spelobia baezi is a species of fly belonging to the family of the Lesser Dung flies.

References

  1. Nello schema di McAlpine, i Clusiidae sono in relazione con il genere Acartophthalmus , che secondo l'analisi cladistica di Buck (2006) va collocato nel clade dei Carnoidea. Vedi Acartophthalmidae.
  2. Roháček (2020). "Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber". ZooKeys (973): 1–15. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.973.51435 . PMC   7550391 . PMID   33110370.

Further reading

Species lists