Pyrgotidae

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Pyrgotidae
Pyrgotella chagnoni.jpg
Pyrgotella chagnoni
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Tephritoidea
Family: Pyrgotidae
Loew, 1868 [1]
Genera

see text

The Pyrgotidae are an unusual family of flies (Diptera), one of only two families of Cyclorrhapha that lack ocelli. Most species are "picture-winged" (i.e., have patterns of bands or spots on the wings), as is typical among the Tephritoidea, but unlike other tephritoids, they are endoparasitoids; the females pursue scarab beetles in flight, laying an egg on the beetle's back under the elytra where the beetle cannot reach it. The egg hatches and the fly larva enters the body cavity of the beetle, feeding and eventually killing the host before pupating. In the United States, some species of Pyrgota and Sphecomyiella can be quite common in areas where their host beetles (typically the genus Phyllophaga , or "June beetles") are abundant. Like their host beetles, these flies are primarily nocturnal, and are often attracted to artificial lights. [2] [3]

Contents

Female of species of Pyrgotidae, showing the prominent ovipositor Pyrgotidae Diptera lateral Johan Heyns.jpg
Female of species of Pyrgotidae, showing the prominent ovipositor
Dorsal aspect of same fly; note the absence of the ocelli Pyrgotidae Diptera Dorsal Johan Heyns.jpg
Dorsal aspect of same fly; note the absence of the ocelli

Genera

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The Ulidiidae or picture-winged flies are a large and diverse cosmopolitan family of flies (Diptera), and as in related families, most species are herbivorous or detritivorous. They are often known as picture-winged flies, along with members of other families in the superfamily Tephritoidea that have patterns of bands or spots on the wings. Some species share with the Tephritidae an unusual elongated posteroapical projection of the anal cell in the wing, but can be differentiated by the smoothly curving subcostal vein. Two species, Tetanops myopaeformis and Euxesta stigmatias, are agricultural pests.

The Tachiniscinae are a subfamily of the fruit fly family Tephritidae. They are treated by some authorities as a separate family, Tachiniscidae. An undetermined species of the genus Tachiniscidia has been reared from Saturniidae caterpillars in Nigeria.

Cecidochares is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

Oedaspis is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

<i>Tephritis</i> Genus of flies

Tephritis is a genus of flies. It contains around 170 described species, making it the sixth largest genus in the family Tephritidae. Many more undescribed species are known from specimen collections. Tephritis occur throughout much of the world, but most are Palearctic. They can be found in a wide range of climate types, from hot semidesert to tundra. Most species inhabit the inflorescences of plants from several tribes in the family Asteraceae, and a few species cause galls to form.

<i>Terellia</i> Genus of flies

Terellia is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

<i>Urophora</i> Genus of flies

Urophora is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

Sphaeniscus is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

<i>Trupanea</i> Genus of fruit flies

Trupanea is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

<i>Xanthaciura</i> Genus of flies

Xanthaciura is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otitinae</span> Subfamily of flies

Otitinae is the name of a subfamily of flies in the family Ulidiidae. It was formerly the Otitidae. Like the Ulidiinae, most species are herbivorous or saprophagous. Most species share with the Tephritidae an unusual elongated projection of the anal cell in the wing, but can be differentiated by the smoothly curving subcostal vein. Most are dull gray to shiny brown or black flies with vein R1 setulose or, in a few cases, bare.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platystomatinae</span> Subfamily of flies

Platystomatinae is a subfamily of flies (Diptera) in the family Platystomatidae that includes 80 genera, the largest subfamily with at last estimate, c. 900 species globally.

Campylocera is a genus of flies in the family Pyrgotidae.

Lygiohypotyphla is a genus of flies in the family Pyrgotidae.

Leptopyrgota is a genus of flies in the family Pyrgotidae.

Tephritopyrgota is a genus of flies in the family Pyrgotidae.

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Copromyzinae is a subfamily of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tephritini</span> Tribe of flies

Tephritini is a tribe of fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. There are about 80 genera and some 1000 described species in Tephritini.

References

  1. ↑ Pape, Thomas; Blagoderov, Vladimir & Mostovski, Mikhail B. (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 222–229. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
  2. ↑ Korneyev, V. A. (2012). "Revision of the genus Pyrgotomyia Hendel (Diptera: Pyrgotidae)". African Invertebrates . 53 (1): 187–203. doi: 10.5733/afin.053.0112 . Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  3. ↑ Korneyev, V.A. (2004). "Genera of Palaearctic Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata), with nomenclatural notes and a key" (PDF). Vestnik Zoologii. 38 (1): 19–46. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Hendel, Friedrich (1913). "Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Pyrgotinen" (PDF). Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Abteilung A: Original-Arbeiten. 79 (11): 77–117, pl. 1. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  5. ↑ Waga, A. (1842). "Adapsilia. Genre de Dipteres apparenant a la sous-tribu Dolichoceres de Macquart, voisin de Sepedon et Tetanocera". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. II (1): 279–282.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Paramonov, S. J. (1958). "A review of Australian Pyrgotidae (Diptera)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 6: 89–137. doi:10.1071/zo9580089.
  7. ↑ Korneyev, V. A. (2015). "Pyrgotid flies assigned to Apyrgota. III. Species of Afropyrgota gen. n. and Tylotrypes (Diptera, Pyrgotidae)" (PDF). Vestnik Zoologii. 49 (1): 25–40. doi: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0003 .
  8. ↑ Hardy, D. E. (1954). "Notes and descriptions on Australian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 15: 327–333.
  9. ↑ Steyskal, G. C. (1978). "Synopsis of the North American Pyrgotidae (Diptera)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. The Entomological Society of Washington. 80: 149–155.
  10. 1 2 Aczél, M. L. (1956). "Revisión parcial de las Pyrgotidae neotropicales y antárticas, con sinopsis de los géneros y especies (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Parte I". Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 4: 161–184.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Enderlein, G. (1942). "Klassifikation der Pyrogotiden". Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 2: 98–134.
  12. 1 2 Hendel, Friedrich (1908). "Acht neue Pyrgotinen (Dipt.)". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 27: 145–153.
  13. ↑ Hendel, Friedrich (1907). "Nomina nova fur mehrere Gattungen der acalyptraten Musciden". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 26: 98. doi: 10.5962/bhl.part.5119 . Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  14. ↑ Hendel, Friedrich (1909). "Diptera. Fam. Muscaridae. Subfam. Pyrgotinae". Genera Insectorum. 79: 1–33.
  15. ↑ Korneyev, V. A. (2014). "Pyrgotid flies assigned to Apyrgota. I. New species and synonyms in Eupyrgota (s. str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), with the description of a new subgenus" (PDF). Vestnik Zoologii. 48 (2): 111–128. doi: 10.2478/vzoo-2014-0012 .
  16. ↑ Korneyev, V. A. (2014). "Pyrgotid flies assigned to Apyrgota. II. New synonyms in Eupyrgota (Subgenus Taeniomastix) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), with key to subgenera and species" (PDF). Vestnik Zoologii. 48 (3): 211–220. doi: 10.2478/vzoo-2014-0024 .
  17. 1 2 3 Malloch, J. R. (1929). "Appendix, pp. 20-31. In Bezzi, M., Australian Pyrgotidae (Diptera)". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 54: 1–31. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  18. 1 2 Vanschuytbroeck, P. (1963). "Pyrgotidae (Diptera Otitoidae)" (PDF). Exploration du Parc National de la Garamba. 38: 1–76.
  19. 1 2 Bezzi, Mario (1929). "Australian Pyrgotidae (Diptera). With an Appendix by J.R. Malloch". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 54: 1–31. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Hendel, Friedrich (1934). "Übersicht über die Gattungen der Pyrgotiden, nebst Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten". Encyclopédie Entomologique. Serie B. II. Diptera. 7: 141–156.
  21. ↑ Curran, Charles Howard (1934). The families and genera of North American Diptera. New York: Ballou Press. pp. 512 pp. 2 pls.
  22. ↑ Malloch, John Russell (1930). "Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera). XXIX". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (5): 465–484. doi:10.1080/00222933008673157.
  23. ↑ Bezzi, Mario (1914). "Indian Pyrgotinae (Diptera)". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (14): 153–163. doi:10.1080/00222931408693560.
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