Castleton, Derbyshire

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Castleton
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Castleton
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Castleton
Location within Derbyshire
Population649  2001 UK census
OS grid reference SK1583
Civil parish
  • Castleton
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town HOPE VALLEY
Postcode district S33
Dialling code 01433
Police Derbyshire
Fire Derbyshire
Ambulance East Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Derbyshire
53°20′38″N1°46′30″W / 53.344°N 1.775°W / 53.344; -1.775

Castleton is a village and civil parish in the High Peak district of Derbyshire, England, at the western end of the Hope Valley on the Peakshole Water, a tributary of the River Noe, between the Dark Peak to the north and the White Peak to the south. The population was 642 at the 2011 Census. [1]

Contents

History

St Edmund's Church in a 1955 snowfall St Edmund's church, Castleton.jpg
St Edmund's Church in a 1955 snowfall

Castleton village was mentioned as Pechesers in Domesday Book in 1086 where "Arnbiorn and Hundingr held the land of William Peverel's castle in Castleton". [2] This land and Peverel's castle were amongst the manors belonging to William Peverel that also included Bolsover and Glapwell.

St Edmund's Norman church was restored about 1837. It has late 13th-century tracery and an ashlar-faced Perpendicular tower. Its box pews are dated 1661, 1662, 1663 and 1676. [3]

A medieval leper hospital (the Hospital of Saint Mary in the Peak) is thought to have been on the eastern boundary of Castleton, though some locals believe it to have been just south of the Speedwell Cavern footpath from the village. University of Sheffield archaeologists are investigating 'Castle of the Peak', which was reputedly founded by the wife of one of the William Peverels before 1153, and continued until about the 1543 Dissolution. They say the earliest documents referring to Spital Field are a grant and a Charter from the early 14th century. They are also investigating the 12th-century planned town at the foot of the castle hill. [4] Castleton's medieval town defences are still evident in the village and are a Scheduled monument. [5]

Castleton had a long history of lead mining; the Odin Mine, one of the oldest lead mines in the country, is situated 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) west of the village (see also Derbyshire lead mining history ). Researchers studying an ice core from a Swiss glacier have found that levels of lead air pollution across Europe during the period 1170–1216 were as high as those of the Industrial Revolution, and the principal source was Peak District mines such as Castleton and Wirksworth. [6] [7] [8] The mining created and enlarged local caverns, four of which are now open to the public as Peak Cavern, Blue John Cavern, Speedwell Cavern and Treak Cliff Cavern. A small amount of Blue John is mined locally, and sold in a number of local gift shops, one of which is located in the 17th-century tollhouse. [9]

Since the 1920s the main mineral industry in the area has been cement. Hope Cement Works is closer to Hope, but its quarry is closer to Castleton. [10] A war memorial stands in the Market Place, in memory of local residents that died during both World Wars. [11]

Geography

Castleton is situated between the gritstone plateau of the Dark Peak to the north and the gentler limestone scenery of the White Peak to the south. It lies at the western end of the Hope Valley and consequently is surrounded on three sides by hills. Most prominent is the ridge to the north. This is called Great Ridge; it runs east from Mam Tor to Back Tor and Lose Hill, via the pass (hause) of Hollins Cross, where paths from many directions converge and cross over to Edale. Alexander von Humboldt visited caves near Castleton and Buxton in June 1790 to investigate the region's geological structures. [12]

Castleton was formerly on the A625 road from Sheffield to Chapel-en-le-Frith, on the way to Manchester. Leaving Castleton, the western road once went over Mam Tor, but after continual landslides and repairs (Mam Tor is called the "Shivering Mountain" because of its very loose shales), it was eventually abandoned. The only westbound exit from Castleton is now the unclassified road over the narrow Winnats Pass. This road is very narrow and steep and unsuitable for heavy vehicles or high volumes. Road signage has been designed to discourage through traffic by showing only local destinations. Thus, most traffic enters and leaves the village on the eastern (Hope-Hathersage-Sheffield) road (A6187); for traffic going west, that involves a long diversion via the villages of Bradwell and Peak Forest.

Castleton has a small bus station from where buses depart hourly to Sheffield (services 272/273) [13] and 2-hourly to Tideswell and Bakewell (service 173). [14] Sunday services on route 173 [15] and less frequent services, including services 68 [16] to Buxton, 174 [17] Baslow, [18] Ladybower (273 & 274), [19] 200 Chapel-en-le-frith and Edale 276, [20] were cut in 2017 after cuts in government funding. [21] At summer weekends buses link to Chesterfield, Glossop and Ladybower. [22]

There is no railway station, but Hope station is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away, and train tickets to Hope and Edale are valid on connecting buses to Castleton.

Education

Castleton Church of England Primary School is located within the village. It was rated as 'good' in its 2017 Ofsted inspection. From October 2017, the school and surrounding area was featured in the ident used by Channel 4. [23] [24]

The nearest secondary school is Hope Valley College.

Tourism

Castleton attracts many tourists, and there are multiple pubs (some with accommodation), tea shops and guest houses to supply their needs. There is also a large car park, a Visitor Centre housing a dedicated space for Castleton Historical Society’s museum, [25] [26] several outdoors shops and a youth hostel. [27] Many schools visit the area for educational studies such as GCSE fieldwork. It is also a major walking centre, where routes up Cave Dale, Winnats Pass, Mam Tor and Hollins Cross meet. There are four "show caves" to visit, Blue John Cavern, Peak Cavern, Treak Cliff Cavern and Speedwell Cavern which includes an underground boat ride and at least one of them is open all year. [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] Castleton has a combined post office and general shop.

On Castleton Garland Day (Oak Apple Day – 29 May), a Garland King is paraded around the streets wearing an extremely large garland of flowers, [33] followed by local girls dressed in white with flowers. [34]

Castleton is a favourite area for walkers: there is plenty of accommodation, and there are many public footpaths leading from the village. There are easy walks along the river to Hope, Brough, Bamford and (rather further) Hathersage, and there is a short strenuous walk up onto the Great Ridge, where views can be enjoyed before descending to Edale or returning to Castleton. Hayfield is a short day's walk away beyond Rushup Edge. A two- or three-day trail, the Limestone Way, starts in Castleton and runs south down Cave Dale (past the rear of the castle) before climbing out of the village and heading for Monyash, Youlgreave, and Matlock.

Film of Castleton in 1945 is held by the Cinema Museum in London. Ref HM0365. [35]

Notable people

In fiction

The village was featured in episode 3 of Most Haunted: Midsummer Murders where the team "investigates" the 18th-century murder of an engaged couple. Much of the "investigation" takes place in Speedwell Cavern. One of the conspirators, James Ashton, is said to have confessed to the murders on his deathbed after being haunted by the dead couple. He also implicated others involved. Castleton also featured in national news reports in the early 1980s following the murder of Susan Renhard near the battlements of Peveril Castle.

The local caves were used as the filming location for the underworld, ruled by the evil Lady of the Green Kirtle, in the 1990 BBC adaptation of The Silver Chair (one of the Narnia books written by C.S. Lewis). [37] Cave Dale features in the films The Princess Bride (1987) and The Other Boleyn Girl (2008).

The town is also featured briefly in the play The Devil is an Ass by Ben Jonson, first performed in 1616.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peak District</span> Upland area in England

The Peak District is an upland area in central-northern England, at the southern end of the Pennines. Mostly in Derbyshire, it extends into Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. It is subdivided into the Dark Peak, moorland dominated by gritstone, and the White Peak, a limestone area with valleys and gorges. The Dark Peak forms an arc on the north, east and west of the district, and the White Peak covers central and southern areas. The highest point is Kinder Scout. Most of the area is within the Peak District National Park, a protected landscape designated in 1951.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mam Tor</span> Hill near Castleton in the High Peak of Derbyshire, England

Mam Tor is a 517 m (1,696 ft) hill near Castleton in the High Peak of Derbyshire, England. Its name means "mother hill", so called because frequent landslips on its eastern face have resulted in a multitude of "mini-hills" beneath it. These landslips, which are caused by unstable lower layers of shale, also give the hill its alternative name of Shivering Mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edale</span> Village and parish in the Peak District, England

Edale is a village and civil parish in the Peak District, Derbyshire, England, whose population was 353 at the 2011 Census. Edale, with an area of 7,030 acres (2,840 ha), is in the Borough of High Peak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hope, Derbyshire</span> Human settlement in England

Hope is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Peak District, in England. The population at the 2011 Census was 864. It lies in the Hope Valley, at the point where Peakshole Water flows into the River Noe. To the north, Win Hill and Lose Hill stand either side of the Noe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hathersage</span> Village in Derbyshire, England

Hathersage is a village and civil parish in the Peak District in Derbyshire, England. It lies slightly to the north of the River Derwent, approximately 10 miles (16.1 km) south-west of Sheffield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High Peak, Derbyshire</span> Local government district in Derbyshire, England

High Peak is a local government district with borough status in Derbyshire, England, covering a high moorland plateau in the Dark Peak area of the Peak District National Park. The district stretches from Holme Moss in the north to Sterndale Moor in the south, and from Hague Bar in the west to Bamford in the east. The population of the borough taken at the 2011 Census was 90,892. The borough is unusual in having two administrative centres for its council, High Peak Borough Council; the offices are in Buxton and Glossop. Other towns include Chapel-en-le-Frith, Hadfield, New Mills and Whaley Bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hope Valley, Derbyshire</span> Valley in Derbyshire, England

The Hope Valley is a rural area centred on the village of Hope, Derbyshire, in the Peak District in the northern Midlands of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treak Cliff Cavern</span> Show cave in Derbyshire, England

Treak Cliff Cavern is a show cave near Castleton in Derbyshire, England. It is part of the Castleton Site of Special Scientific Interest and one of only two sites where the ornamental mineral Blue John is still excavated. As part of an agreement with English Nature, the Blue John that can be seen in the show cave is not mined but it is extracted in small quantities from other areas of the cave and made into saleable items like bowls, jewellery, and ornaments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peakshole Water</span> River in England

Peakshole Water is a stream in the Derbyshire Peak District named after its source, Peak Cavern. It flows through the village of Castleton to join the River Noe in nearby Hope. Despite its name, much of its flow actually emerges from the Russet Well, a resurgence in a garden on the east side of the gorge below the main Peak Cavern entrance, described as the "main resurgence of the Castleton area", which drains a series of swallets on the other side of the Pennine watershed below Rushup Edge. The resurgence has been explored by cave divers to a depth of 82 feet (25 m) but further exploration was halted by a constriction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winnats Pass</span> Hill pass in the Peak District, England

Winnats Pass is a hill pass and limestone gorge in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England. The name is a corruption of 'wind gates' due to the swirling winds through the pass. It lies west of the village of Castleton, in the National Trust's High Peak Estate and the High Peak borough of Derbyshire. The road winds through a cleft, surrounded by high limestone ridges. At the foot of the pass is the entrance to Speedwell Cavern, a karst cave accessed through a flooded lead mine, and which is a popular tourist attraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A625 road</span> Rural A road connecting Derbyshire and the Peak District

The A625 is a rural road which runs through north Derbyshire and the Peak District in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A6187 road</span> Secondary route in the Peak District, Derbyshire, United Kingdom


The A6187 is a secondary route in the Peak District, Derbyshire and South Yorkshire, England. It starts in Castleton, runs in an easterly direction past Fox House Inn where it joins the A625 road. It is 13.6 miles long.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bradwell, Derbyshire</span> Human settlement in England

Bradwell is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Peak District of England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 Census was 1,416. It lies south of the main body of the Hope Valley but is usually included among its settlements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odin Mine</span> Disused lead mine in Derbyshire, England

Odin Mine is a disused lead mine in the Peak District National Park, situated at grid reference SK133835. It lies on a site of 25 hectares near the village of Castleton, England. It is the oldest documented mine in Derbyshire and is thought to be one of the oldest lead mines in England. The mine is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and has biological and geological significance within the Castleton Site of Special Scientific Interest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forest of High Peak</span> Royal forest in medieval Derbyshire

The Forest of High Peak was, in medieval times, a moorland forest covering most of the north west of Derbyshire, England, extending as far south as Tideswell and Buxton. From the time of the Norman Conquest it was established as a royal hunting reserve, administered by William Peverel, a follower of William I, who was based at Peveril Castle. The Royal Forest of Peak was bounded by the River Goyt to the west, the River Wye to the south, the River Derwent to the east and the River Etherow to the north. In 1305 it covered about 100 square miles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hollins Cross</span>

Hollins Cross lies between Mam Tor and Lose Hill on the Great Ridge that separates Castleton and Edale in Derbyshire, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peveril Castle</span> Ruined 11th-century castle overlooking the village of Castleton in Derbyshire

Peveril Castle is a ruined 11th-century castle overlooking the village of Castleton in the English county of Derbyshire. It was the main settlement of the feudal barony of William Peverel, known as the Honour of Peverel, and was founded some time between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and its first recorded mention in the Domesday Survey of 1086, by Peverel, who held lands in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire as a tenant-in-chief of the king. The town became the economic centre of the barony. The castle has views across the Hope Valley and Cave Dale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Derbyshire Dome</span> Geological formation of the Derbyshire Peak District

The Derbyshire Dome is a geological formation across mid-Derbyshire in England.

References

  1. ↑ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  2. ↑ Domesday Book: A Complete Translation. London: Penguin, 2003. ISBN   0-14-143994-7 p.750
  3. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1978). The Buildings of England: Derbyshire. revised Elizabeth Williamson. Penguin Books. ISBN   0-14-071008-6.
  4. ↑ "Medieval Castleton and Hope". University of Sheffield Department of Archaeology. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  5. ↑ Historic England. "Town defences 270m north and 350m north east of Peveril Castle, Castleton (1018868)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  6. ↑ Loveluck, Christopher P.; McCormick, Michael; Spaulding, Nicole E.; Clifford, Heather; Handley, Michael J.; Hartman, Laura; Hoffmann, Helene; Korotkikh, Elena V.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; More, Alexander F.; Sneed, Sharon B.; Mayewski, Paul A. (2018). "Alpine ice-core evidence for the transformation of the European monetary system, AD 640–670". Antiquity. 92 (366): 1571–1585. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2018.110 . S2CID   165543389.
  7. ↑ "Alpine glacier reveals lead pollution from C12th Britain as bad as Industrial Revolution". www.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  8. ↑ Loveluck, Christopher P.; More, Alexander F.; Spaulding, Nicole E.; Clifford, Heather; Handley, Michael J.; Hartman, Laura; Korotkikh, Elena V.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Sneed, Sharon B.; McCormick, Michael (2020). "Alpine ice and the annual political economy of the Angevin Empire, from the death of Thomas Becket to Magna Carta, c. AD 1170–1216". Antiquity. 94 (374): 473–490. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2019.202 . S2CID   216250193.
  9. ↑ Historic England. "Toll Bar Cottage and shop and attached wall and railings, Castleton (Grade II) (1334532)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  10. ↑ OL24 White Peak area (Map). 1:25000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey.
  11. ↑ "Castleton". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  12. ↑ Alexander von Humboldt, Ueber die unterirdischen Gasarten und die Mittel, ihren Nachtheil zu vermindern. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1799, p. 40.
  13. ↑ "271 & 272 Castleton to Sheffield via Bradwell & Hathersage" (PDF). 24 October 2021.
  14. ↑ "173 Bakewell to Castleton via Monsal Head & Tideswell" (PDF). 10 January 2022.
  15. ↑ "13 Derbyshire bus routes face cutbacks in bid to save £1m". DerbyshireLive. 28 March 2018. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  16. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.derbysbus.info. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.derbysbus.info. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. ↑ "Baslow – Tideswell – Castleton 174" (PDF). Hulleys.
  19. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.derbysbus.info. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ↑ "PROPOSED CHANGES TO LOCAL BUS SUPPORT" (PDF). Derbyshire County Council. 26 January 2016.
  22. ↑ "Hope Valley Explorer". Peak District National Park. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  23. ↑ "Castleton C of E Primary School – Home". www.castletonschool.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  24. ↑ "Channel 4 reveals 'Giant' rebranding with new idents designed to "champion diversity and provoke change"". Radio Times. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  25. ↑ "Visitor Centres – Castleton: Peak District National Park". Peak District National Park. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  26. ↑ "Museum". Castleton Historical Society. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  27. ↑ "YHA Castleton Losehill Hall | Cheap Peak District Hostel". www.yha.org.uk. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  28. ↑ "Local Attractions". www.visitcastleton.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  29. ↑ "Blue John Stone, Treak Cliff Cavern, Working Blue John Mine With Stalactites And Stalagmites, Blue John Jewellery And Ornaments". www.bluejohnstone.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  30. ↑ "Speedwell Cavern – Welcome to Peak and Speedwell Caverns at Castleton". speedwellcavern.co.uk. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  31. ↑ "Peak Cavern – Welcome to Peak and Speedwell Caverns at Castleton". peakcavern.co.uk. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  32. ↑ netbizsolutions.co.uk. "Blue John Cavern: Family Days Out and School Trips at our Caves in the Peak District". www.bluejohn-cavern.co.uk. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  33. ↑ "Derbyshire and Peak District Customs:Castleton Garland Day". Derbyshire UK. 2001. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010 – via Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Stephen (2000), A Dictionary of English Folklore, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN   978-0-192-10019-1
  35. ↑ "Cinema Museum Home Movie Database.xlsx". Google Docs. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  36. ↑ 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
  37. ↑ Filming Locations for The Silver Chair, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0098912/locations, at the Internet Movie Database, retrieved 13 December 2011
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