| Political corruption |
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| Concepts |
| Corruption by country |
Corruption in Latvia is examined on this page.
| Political corruption |
|---|
| |
| Concepts |
| Corruption by country |
Corruption in Latvia is examined on this page.
According to several sources, the Latvian political system faces serious corruption. The influence of private interests involved in illegal political party funding undermines the efforts to combat political corruption. [1] According to Transparency International's Global Corruption Barometer 2013, 68% of surveyed households consider political parties to be corrupt or extremely corrupt—ranking as the most corrupt institution in Latvia. Furthermore, 55% of the surveyed households believe that the level of corruption has stayed the same and 67% of surveyed households find government efforts in the fight against corruption to be ineffective [2] Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Latvia at 59 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("highly clean"). When ranked by score, Latvia ranked 36th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. [3] For comparison, the best score was 88 (ranked 1), and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180). [4]
There is a widespread perception that politicians and businesses are too closely linked in Latvia. Business executives surveyed in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 believe that public funds are sometimes diverted to companies, individuals or groups due to corruption, and the lack of sufficient ethical behaviour of companies with public officials, politicians and other companies is a competitive disadvantage for the country. [5]
The leading specialised anti-corruption authority of Latvia is the Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (KNAB; Latvian : Korupcijas novēršanas un apkarošanas birojs). [6] It was established in October 2002, following adoption of the Law on Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau on 18 April 2002. [7]
Since the start of 2020, the Whistleblowing law has entered force to promote whistleblowing on violations in public interests and ensure the establishment and operation of whistleblowing mechanisms, and also due protection of whistleblowers. [8]
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index which ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain". The index is published annually by the non-governmental organisation Transparency International since 1995.
Bribe Payers Index (BPI) is a measure of how willing a nation's multinational corporations appear to engage in corrupt business practices. The first BPI was published by Transparency International on October 26, 1999 and the last one in 2011.
Corruption in Albania is a very serious problem. According to Global Corruption Barometer 2013, 66% of respondents indicated that level of corruption has increased in Albania.
Corruption in Italy is a major problem. In Transparency International's annual surveys, Italy has consistently been regarded as one of the most corrupt countries in the Eurozone. Political corruption remains a major problem particularly in Lombardy, Campania and Sicily where corruption perception is at a high level. Political parties are ranked the most corrupt institution in Italy, closely followed by public officials and Parliament, according to Transparency International's. But in the 2013 Global Corruption Barometer report, Italy is in 17th position in front of the United Kingdom (18th), Switzerland (21st) and the United States (22nd).
Corruption in France describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in France.
Corruption in Lithuania describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in Lithuania.
Corruption in Denmark is amongst the lowest in the world. According to the 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International, Denmark scored 88 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score, Denmark shared first place with Finland and New Zealand among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country or countries ranked first are perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison, the worst score was 11. The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists reported in 2014 that Denmark has consistently been in the top-4 since the publication of the first Corruption Perceptions Index report in 1995.
According to Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2013, corruption is a large concern in the public sector as more than half of the surveyed households consider Parliament, police, public officials, and particularly the judiciary and political parties very corrupt.
Corruption in Switzerland describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in Switzerland.
Levels of corruption in Luxembourg are generally said to be very low, and there a strong legal framework for combating corruption in the country. Surveys however indicate that a majority of the population believe political parties are either "corrupt" or "extremely corrupt." Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 8th place out of 180 countries.
Corruption in Iceland describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in Iceland.
In 2013, a report by Transparency International revealed that political parties, Parliament, the judiciary and the military are the most corrupt institutions in Portugal. Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 29th place out of 180 countries.
Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Germany at 80 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score, Germany ranked 10th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison, the best score was 88, and the worst score was 11.
Corruption is endemic in the Netherlands in all major areas—judiciary, police, business, politics—as the country is considered one of the least corrupt within the European Union. In the 2017 edition of Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, the Netherlands ranked the 8th least corrupt country worldwide.
Corruption in the Czech Republic is considered to be widespread by a majority of the Czech public, according to Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer 2013.
Corruption in Slovenia is examined on this page.
Corruption in Slovakia is a serious and ongoing problem.
According to several public surveys in Kosovo and reports from institutions such as the European Commission, levels of corruption and impunity among politicians are high.
A general public survey on corruption from Transparency International shows that citizens perceive Bosnia and Herzegovina's political structures to be deeply affected by corruption. Two-thirds of citizens believe that the government's efforts to combat corruption are ineffective.
Croatia has severe problems with corruption, and among European Union member states, it is one of the top 3 most corrupt countries.