Corruption in Azerbaijan

Last updated

Corruption in Azerbaijan is considered high [1] and occurs at all levels of government. [2] [3] Corruption during the Soviet era was rife and persists into the present. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] As of 2024, Azerbaijan has regularly ranked near the bottom of Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. [10]

Contents

Azerbaijan's economy is characterized by corruption and inequality. [11] The country's oil wealth has significantly strengthened the stability of Ilham Aliyev's regime and enriched ruling elites in Azerbaijan. [12] [13] [14] [15] The country's oil wealth has enabled the state to host lavish international events, as well as engage in extensive lobbying efforts abroad. [16] [17]

In the Azerbaijani laundromat money-laundering scheme, $2.9 billion was paid to foreign politicians and Azerbaijani elites by companies linked to Azerbaijani ruler Ilham Aliyev, government ministries, and the International Bank of Azerbaijan between 2012 and 2014. [18]

Corruption is prevalent in education, health care and business more generally. [4] Bribery, nepotism and cronyism are commonplace. [4] The Aliyev government in Azerbaijan restricts public access to information about the owners and shareholders of Azerbaijani companies. [19]

International anti-corruption indices and reports

Development of CPI scores of South Caucasus countries 2012-2020 CPI in Armenia-Azerbaijan-Georgia.png
Development of CPI scores of South Caucasus countries 2012-2020

In Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Azerbaijan achieved its best position since its inclusion in the report in 2000, [20] with a score of 31 [21] on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). [22] In the years 2018-2023 its scores were lower, with a 2023 score of 23. [23]

According to a 2015 Transparency International report, Azerbaijan demonstrated improvement in international anti-corruption reports from previous years; however, its position in these indices was weak compared to that of neighbouring countries, such as Georgia, Armenia, and Turkey. [24] [20]

This weakness continues into the present; in the 2023 CPI results, Azerbaijan's score of 23 showed that it is perceived to be more corrupt than its neighbors, Georgia (53), Armenia (47), Russia (26) and Iran (24). [23] Regionally, the average score for Eastern European and Central Asian countries [Note 1] was 35, the highest score was 53 and the lowest score was 18. [25] Globally, the average score was 43, the best score was 90 and the worst score was 11. [23]

The World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators reported that Azerbaijan's ability to control corruption increased to 20 (2015) from 7 (2000). [26]

The 2013 Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) report of Transparency International indicated that 9% of respondents in Azerbaijan thought that corruption had increased a lot. [27] While 69% considered that the government's efforts were effective in the fight against corruption. Furthermore, 71% of respondents agreed that an ordinary person can make a difference in the fight against corruption in Azerbaijan. [27] Citizens' participation and the values of integrity, accountability, and transparency were crucial components of fighting corruption. It was important to develop programs and actions to change the cultural understanding of corruption and helped citizens to act against abuses. [28]

In the 2013 GCB report, health, the judiciary, and police were perceived as the most corrupt sectors by respondents. In comparison to the 2010 GCB report, improvement was noted in the more recent report with increased levels of trust in the civil service, education, and police. [24] Contrary to international perceptions, Azerbaijani respondents perceived political parties as one of the least corrupt sectors alongside the media and religious bodies [24]

According to the Global Integrity Index (GIX) (2011), the anti-corruption legislative framework of Azerbaijan is strong (89 out of 100); however, its implementation is very weak (38 out of 100) considering the powers that have been granted by law. [29]

A 2014 report by Transparency International concluded that Azerbaijan was demonstrating steady improvement in anti-corruption rankings, but its progress was relatively slower than that of neighbouring countries. Furthermore, Azerbaijan had advanced with its anti-corruption legislation and strong executive branch; however, the legislature and the judiciary were perceived as weak and potentially more exposed to corruption. [24]

Political context and background timeline of corruption issues

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the transition period in Azerbaijan was complicated and further prolonged by the inability of the national political elite to ensure the existence of key public institutions during 1991–1993. [30] In addition, during those years, Azerbaijan was forced to engage in military clashes with Armenia over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. [31] In 1993, as a result of the invasion by Armenia, Azerbaijan lost 20% of its territory. In the same year, the United Nations Security Council adopted four resolutions (822, 853, 874 and 884) which condemned the use of force against Azerbaijan and the occupation of its territories. [32] The UN Security Council demanded from Armenia the immediate, complete and unconditional withdrawal of the occupying forces. [32]

As a result of the war with Armenia, the influx of more than one million refugees and internally displaced people had a devastating impact on both the social and economic situation in Azerbaijan (Badalov and Mehdi, 2004). This tragic event shifted the priority of the country from building public institutions to accommodating internally displaced people (IDPs) and providing them with the necessary living standards. [30] In addition, the collapse of the Soviet Union caused economic paralysis in Azerbaijan. Therefore, the main priorities of the Azerbaijani government were to divert all of its financial and political resources to safeguarding IDPs and to fighting against the invasion by Armenia in the international legal arena. [30]

Institutional arrangements and coordination mechanisms

Commission on Combating Corruption

Commission on Combating Corruption is set up according to the article 4.2 of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on "Fight Against Corruption" and functions as a specialized agency on combating corruption since 2005. The Executive secretaries of CCC were Inam Karimov, Vusal Huseynov and Kamal Jafarov.

Anti-Corruption General Directorate

The Anti-Corruption (bribery) General Directorate with the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Azerbaijan was established by the Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan No.114 dated March 3, 2004. Directorate General is a body specialized in the field of preliminary investigation conducted on the corruption crimes, and is subordinated to the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

ASAN Service

To eliminate corruption in public service delivery, a new preventive institution, namely the Azerbaijan service assessment network (ASAN) (asan means “easy” in the Azerbaijani) was established by Presidential Decree in 2012. [33] Currently, this institution provides 34 services for 10 state bodies. It was the first one-stop-shop service delivery model in the world to provide the services of various state bodies rather than only the services of one state body. [33]

No conflict of interest exists between ASAN service employees and Azerbaijani citizens as ASAN service employees do not provide any kind of service themselves. All services are provided by the employees of the 10 state bodies under one roof, based on the standards of the ASAN service. Employees of the ASAN service monitor the work of the state bodies, check for compliance with ethics rules and manage the queue system. [33]

Monitoring report by OECD has praised Azerbaijan "for advancing Azerbaijani Service and Assessment Network (ASAN) centers, which has contributed to eliminating the conditions that are conducive to corruption when delivering various administrative services to the public". [34] Azerbaijan 2016 report by EEAS acknowledged ASAN services have been a great help in the elimination of corruption and bribery, as well as removing bureaucracy in public service delivery. [35]

A similar institution is planned to be established in Afghanistan as well. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the State Agency for Public Service and Social Innovations under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Afghanistan on July 12, 2016. The aim of the Memorandum is to establish a public service delivery mechanism in Afghanistan based on Azerbaijani model “ASAN service”. [36]

Anti-Corruption Academy

Azerbaijan Anti-Corruption Academy (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Anti-Korrupsiya Akademiyası) is a non-governmental organization established in 2016 for the purpose of raising public awareness on the fight against corruption and promoting the role of education to prevent corruption in Azerbaijan. [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] The Academy (AZACA) offers public lectures, forums, short and long-term training programs, tailor-made programs designed for specific target groups such as civil servants, students and private sector. [43] [44]

AZACA works in cooperation with national chapter of Transparency International, Open Government Partnership Dialogue Platform, Network of NGOs specialized in fighting against corruption, Commission on Combating Corruption, ASAN Service, etc. [45] [46]

AZACA involves Council of Europe certified trainers who have completed the Training-of-Trainers courses within the CoE/EU Joint Project on “Strengthening capacities to fight and prevent corruption in Azerbaijan” to deliver trainings for civil servants on "Ethics and Anti-Corruption Technique". [38] [47]

It is acting also as a center of excellence for research on the fight against corruption and for the preparation of anti-corruption proposals. [42] AZACA developed “National Corruption Barometer” report for the first time in Azerbaijan, based on the methodology of the Transparency International's “Global Corruption Barometer”. [48] [4]

Activity

Presentation and first lecture of the Azerbaijan Anti-Corruption Academy were organized on May 14, 2016. Conditions that were favorable to the establishment of Azerbaijan Anti-Corruption Academy, objectives and structure of Academy, as well as advantages of participating in AZAKA events, future plans of AZAKA and other information were presented at the beginning of the event. The presentation continued with an interactive discussion about corruption, main root causes of corruption, types of corruption, favourable methods of fighting against corruption and measure corruption. [49] The next training of the Azerbaijan Anti-Corruption Academy (AZAKA) was held on May 28, 2016. [50]

Presentation event of AZACA was held at the National Administration School of France on 24 July 2016. 25 participants - public officials and civil society delegates from France, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Ukraine, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Chad, Benin, Niger, and Madagascar were attended at presentation. [51]

The first edition of AZACA quarterly bulletin was published in September 2016. [52]

Series trainings on "Ethics and Anti-Corruption Technique" for members of the civil service with the support of Commission on Combating Corruption and “ASAN Training and Education Center” were held by AZACA in Masalli, Barda, Gabala, Guba and Sabirabad regions in January 2018. More than 120 civil servants attended these trainings. [53]

One of trainings for civil servants on "Ethics and Anti-Corruption Technique" was held on February 16, 2018, with the participation of Vice-Rector for Student Affairs at ADA University, and Head of the ASAN Legal Acts Expertise Sector. [54]

Another training by AZACA on "Anti-Corruption and Ethical Behavior" was held at Academy of Public Administration for master students on February 23, 2017. [55]

Notes

  1. ↑ Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human rights in Azerbaijan</span>

International organizations have frequently alleged that Azerbaijan has violated human rights standards established in international law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elmar Mammadyarov</span> Azerbaijani diplomat

Elmar Maharram oglu Mammadyarov is an Azerbaijani diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan between 7 April 2004 and 16 July 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences</span> Academy of sciences, national learned society of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), located in Baku, is the main state research organization and the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Azerbaijan. It was established on 23 January 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Armenia</span>

Corruption in Armenia has decreased significantly in modern times, but remains an ongoing problem in the country. Despite this, fighting corruption following the 2018 Armenian revolution has recorded significant progress. Armenia is a member of the Council of Europe's Group of States Against Corruption (GRECO) and the OECD's Anti-Corruption Network and Armenia's anti-corruption measures are regularly evaluated within their monitoring mechanisms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilham Aliyev</span> President of Azerbaijan since 2003

Ilham Heydar oghlu Aliyev is an Azerbaijani politician who is the fourth and current president of Azerbaijan. The son and second child of former Azerbaijani president Heydar Aliyev, Aliyev became the country's president on 31 October 2003, after a two-month term as prime minister of Azerbaijan, through a presidential election defined by irregularities shortly before his father's death. He was reelected for a second term in 2008 and was allowed to run in elections indefinitely in 2013, 2018 and 2024 due to the 2009 constitutional referendum, which removed term limits for presidents. Throughout his electoral campaign, Aliyev was a member of the ruling New Azerbaijan Party, which he has headed since 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan</span> Sovereign wealth fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan

The State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan, also known by its abbreviation SOFAZ, is a sovereign wealth fund of Azerbaijan founded in December 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Albania</span>

Corruption in Albania is a very serious problem. According to Global Corruption Barometer 2013, 66% of respondents indicated that level of corruption has increased in Albania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Turkey</span>

Corruption in Turkey is an issue affecting the accession of Turkey to the European Union. Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index scores 180 countries according to their perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 to 100. Since the current scale was introduced in 2012, Turkey's score has fallen from its highest score of 50 (2013) to its lowest, current score of 34 (2023). When the 180 countries in the Index were ranked by their score, Turkey ranked 115 in 2023. For comparison with worldwide scores, the average score was 43, the best score was 90, and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Eastern European and Central Asian countries was 53, the average score was 35 and the lowest score was 18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ASAN service</span> Azerbaijani state agency

The ASAN service is an Azerbaijani state agency for public services. The agency's goal is to make services more easily accessible to citizens using modern technologies. The acronym "ASAN" stands for "Azerbaijan Service and Assessment Network". The word "asan" means "easy" in Azerbaijani, thus the name literally means "easy service".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Romania</span>

Corruption in Romania has decreased in recent years. In particular since 2014, Romania undertook a significant anti-corruption effort that included the investigation and prosecution of medium- and high-level political, judicial and administrative officials by the National Anticorruption Directorate. The National Anticorruption Directorate was established in 2002 by the Romanian government to investigate and prosecute medium and high-level corruption related offenses, using a model of organization inspired by similar structures in Norway, Belgium and Spain. Adrian Zuckerman, the US Ambassador in Romania, has stated in 2021 that "the rule of law has been strengthened in Romania". Since 2022, the effectiveness of the investigation and sanctioning of high-level corruption further improved, including by advancing on cases that had been pending for years for procedural reasons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Sweden</span>

Corruption in Sweden has been defined as "the abuse of power" by Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå). By receiving bribes, bribe takers abuse their position of power, which is consistent with how the National Anti-Corruption Unit of the Swedish Prosecution Authority specifies the term. Although bribes and improper rewards are central in the definition of corruption in Sweden, corruption in the sense of "abuse of power" can also manifest itself in other crimes such as misuse of office, embezzlement, fraud and breach of trust against a principal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Montenegro</span>

In recent years, Montenegro has increased its efforts to implement preventive and legislative measures needed to curb corruption. For example, anti-bribery provisions in the Criminal Code, as well as laws on money laundering, conflict of interest, access to information, and political funding have all been strengthened, while awareness-raising activities and training of public officials in integrity standards have been intensified.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Georgia</span>

Corruption in Georgia had been an issue in the post-Soviet decades. Before the 2003 Rose Revolution, according to Foreign Policy, Georgia was among the most corrupt nations in Eurasia. The level of corruption abated dramatically, however, after the revolution. In 2010, Transparency International (TI) said that Georgia was "the best corruption-buster in the world." While low-level corruption had earlier been largely eliminated, Transparency International Georgia since 2020 has also documented dozens of cases of high-level corruption that remain to be prosecuted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Moldova</span>

The government in Moldova has in recent years taken several steps to fight corruption, including law enforcement and institutional setups. The prosecution of officials who are involved in corruption has also increased in recent years. However, businesses consider corruption a serious problem for doing business, and the business environment continues to be one of the most challenging in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Serbia</span>

Corruption levels are perceived to be high by surveyed residents of Serbia, and public trust in key institutions remains low.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina</span>

A general public survey on corruption from Transparency International shows that citizens perceive Bosnia and Herzegovina's political structures to be deeply affected by corruption. Two-thirds of citizens believe that the government's efforts to combat corruption are ineffective.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Israel</span>

There is evidence that corruption is a legitimate problem in Israeli politics and many investigations have taken place into allegations of influence peddling and bribery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Security Service (Azerbaijan)</span> Domestic intelligence agency and secret police

The State Security Service is the principle domestic intelligence agency and secret police of Azerbaijan, created out of the 2015 dissolution of the Ministry of National Security. The DTX was established by Presidential Decree 706 of December 14, 2015, issued by Ilham Aliyev. Headquartered in Baku, the agency has been led by Colonel General Ali Naghiyev since June 2019.

The Azerbaijani laundromat is a complex money-laundering scheme organized by Azerbaijan that was revealed by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) in September 2017. The investigations exposed that during two years between 2012 and 2014 about USD $2.9 billion was siphoned through European companies and banks. The money was used to pay off western politicians in an attempt to whitewash Azerbaijan's reputation abroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military parades in Azerbaijan</span>

This article presents all the military parades held in Azerbaijan since the establishment of the first Azerbaijani nation in 1918. Currently, the semi-annual Day of the Armed Forces parade on 26 June is one of the biggest held in the former Soviet Union. All military parades consist of officers and personnel of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the State Security Service, the State Border Service, the National Guard and the Special State Protection Service.

References

  1. ↑ Heradstveit, Daniel (September 2001). "Democratic development in Azerbaijan and the role of the Western oil industry". Central Asian Survey. 20 (3): 261–288. doi:10.1080/02634930120095312. S2CID   143694591.
  2. ↑ Öge, Kerem (2014-10-21). "The Limits of Transparency Promotion in Azerbaijan: External Remedies to 'Reverse the Curse'". Europe-Asia Studies. 66 (9): 1482–1500. doi:10.1080/09668136.2014.956448. S2CID   155078060.
  3. ↑ ""Ilham Aliyev, 2012 Person of the Year in organised crime and corruption". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Cornell, Svante E. (2015). Azerbaijan Since Independence. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN   978-1-317-47620-7.
  5. ↑ de Waal, Thomas (2002). "Reinventing the Caucasus". World Policy Journal. 19 (1): 51–59. doi:10.1215/07402775-2002-2001. ISSN   0740-2775. JSTOR   40209790. Azerbaijan's corruption is perhaps the worst in the entire former Soviet Union.
  6. ↑ "How Family that Runs Azerbaijan Built an Empire of Hidden Wealth - ICIJ". 4 April 2016. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  7. ↑ Altstadt, Audrey L. (1997), Parrott, Bruce; Dawisha, Karen (eds.), "Azerbaijan's struggle toward democracy", Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Democratization and Authoritarianism in Post-Communist Societies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 110–155, ISBN   978-0-521-59731-9
  8. ↑ Aliyev, Huseyn (2017). When Informal Institutions Change: Institutional Reforms and Informal Practices in the Former Soviet Union. University of Michigan Press. pp. 82–83. doi:10.3998/mpub.8772004. ISBN   978-0-472-13047-4. JSTOR   10.3998/mpub.8772004.
  9. ↑ Altstadt, Audrey L. (2017). Frustrated Democracy in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan. Columbia University Press. pp. 24–25, 109–138. doi:10.7312/alts70456. ISBN   978-0-231-70456-4. JSTOR   10.7312/alts70456.
  10. ↑ "How A Politically Connected Azerbaijani Tycoon Poured Secretive Millions Into British KFC Franchise". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2024-07-11.
  11. ↑ Levine, Joshua (2012-08-15). "Big in Baku". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331.
  12. ↑ Altstadt, Audrey L. (2017). Frustrated Democracy in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan. Columbia University Press. pp. 114–120. ISBN   978-0-231-80141-6.
  13. ↑ Waal, Thomas de (2018-11-02). The Caucasus: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 185–186, 226–229. ISBN   978-0-19-068311-5.
  14. ↑ Ross, Michael (2012). The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations. Princeton University Press. p. 60. ISBN   978-0-691-14545-7.
  15. ↑ Cornell, Svante E. (2015). Azerbaijan Since Independence. Routledge. pp. 210–211, 235. ISBN   978-1-317-47621-4.
  16. ↑ Project, Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting. "The Azerbaijani Laundromat". OCCRP.
  17. ↑ Harding, Luke; Barr, Caelainn; Nagapetyants, Dina (September 4, 2017). "Everything you need to know about the Azerbaijani Laundromat". The Guardian– via www.theguardian.com.
  18. ↑ "Everything you need to know about the Azerbaijani Laundromat". the Guardian. 2017-09-04. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  19. ↑ "'Official Partners' of Azerbaijan's COP29 Climate Summit Linked To Ruling Aliyev Family and Their Inner Circle". OCCRP. 2024.
  20. 1 2 "Corruption" (PDF). World Bank World Development Indicators. Azerbaijan is among the most corrupt countries in the world. The Council of Europe Group of States Against Corruption (GRECO) report on Azerbaijan, released in April 2015, stated, "Despite some serious efforts were undertaken since 2011 to tackle low-level public sector corruption there is little evidence of it being pursued with determination among the political elite and the upper echelons of the public service." In Transparency International's 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index, Azerbaijan ranked 119 out of 168 countries.
  21. ↑ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2017 for Azerbaijan". Transparency.org. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  22. ↑ "The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated". Transparency.org. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  23. 1 2 3 "Corruption Perceptions Index 2022 for Azerbaijan". Transparency.org. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  24. 1 2 3 4 e.V., Transparency International. "TI Publication - Azerbaijan National Integrity System Assessment 2014". www.transparency.org. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  25. ↑ "CPI 2023 for Eastern Europe & Central Asia: Autocracy & weak justice systems enabling widespread corruption". Transparency.org. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  26. ↑ "World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators".
  27. 1 2 "Transparency International - Global Corruption Barometer results 2013".
  28. ↑ "Increase in the number of civil complaints against acts of corruption. [Social Impact]. ALACs. Promotion of Participation and Citizenship in Europe through the "Advocacy and Legal Advice Centres (ALACs)" of Transparency International (2009-2012). Framework Programme 7 (FP7)". SIOR, Social Impact Open Repository. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2017-09-05.
  29. ↑ "Global Integrity Report 2011". www.globalintegrity.org. Archived from the original on 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  30. 1 2 3 Badalov, Mehti. THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF AZERBAIJAN: A DICHOTOMY BETWEEN TEXT AND REALITY.
  31. ↑ M., Baranick (2005). www.ismor.com/cornwallis/cornwallis_2005/CX_2005_12-Baranick2-CX-July17.pdf.
  32. 1 2 Elmar Mammadyarov. Statement by Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov at the First Meeting of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Contact Group on the aggression of Armenia against Azerbaijan.
  33. 1 2 3 Jafarov, Kamal (2013-07-31). "Azerbaijan's one-stop public service shop is driving up efficiency". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  34. ↑ "Anti-Corruption Reforms in AZERBAIJAN" (PDF). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  35. ↑ "EU Business Climate Survey Azerbaijan 2016" (PDF). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  36. ↑ "Afghanistan applies "ASAN service" model".[ permanent dead link ]
  37. ↑ "Anti-Corruption Summer School opens in Azerbaijan" . Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  38. 1 2 "Anti-corruption digest Azerbaijan". Action against economic crime
    and corruption    . Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  39. ↑ "Anti korrupsiya". commission-anticorruption.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  40. ↑ Azvision. "Antikorrupsiya Yay Məktəbinin açılışı olub - FOTOLAR". azvision.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  41. ↑ "Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası" (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2018-03-17. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  42. 1 2 "Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası" (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2018-03-31. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  43. ↑ "Antikorrupsiya və etik davranış qaydaları ilə bağlı təlimlərdə 120-dən çox dövlət qulluqçusu iştirak edib" (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  44. ↑ Azvision. "'Antikorrupsiya Qış Məktəbi' təşkil olunub - Fotolar". azvision.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  45. ↑ "A staff member of Transparency Azerbaijan delivered training On corruption in the private sector".
  46. ↑ "Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası" (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2018-04-14. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  47. ↑ "Azerbaijan Anti-corruption Academy". Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası. Archived from the original on 2018-03-17. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  48. ↑ Azvision. "Transparency International: Azerbaijan's position in Corruption Perceptions Index". azvision.az. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  49. ↑ Azerbaijan Anti-corruption Academy. "Lecture devoted to the presentation of AZACA held". Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası. Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  50. ↑ Azerbaijan Anti-corruption Academy. "AZACA organized its first training". Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası. Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  51. ↑ "AZACA was presented in France". Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  52. ↑ "NEWSLETTER of AZERBAIJAN ANTI-CORRUPTION ACADEMY" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  53. ↑ Azerbaijan Anti-corruption Academy. "Series Anti-Corruption trainings were held". Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası. Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  54. ↑ Azerbaijan Anti-corruption Academy. "The next training for civil servants was held". Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası. Archived from the original on 2018-03-17. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  55. ↑ Azerbaijan Anti-corruption Academy. "AZACA in the academy of Public Administration". Azərbaycan Antikorrupsiya Akademiyası. Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.