Flight endurance record

Last updated
The current record for the longest non-stop, non-refueled airplane flight in history (9 days and 3 minutes) was achieved in the Rutan Voyager Voyager aircraft.jpg
The current record for the longest non-stop, non-refueled airplane flight in history (9 days and 3 minutes) was achieved in the Rutan Voyager

The flight endurance record is the longest amount of time an aircraft of a particular category spent in flight without landing. It can be a solo event, or multiple people can take turns piloting the aircraft, as long as all pilots remain in the aircraft. The limit initially was the amount of fuel that could be stored for the flight, but aerial refueling extended that parameter. Due to safety concerns, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) no longer recognizes new records for the duration of crewed airplane or glider flights and has never recognized any duration records for helicopters.

Contents

Airplane

Non-refueled, crewed

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
09:00:03:44December 14–23, 1986 Edwards Air Force Base, US, circumnavigation Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager Rutan Voyager [1]
04:21:51:00June 28 to July 3, 2015 Nagoya, Japan – Kalaeloa Airport, Hawaii, United States (8263 kilometres) André Borschberg Solar Impulse 2 Solar plane, without any fuel; also longest solo airplane flight of any type [2] [3]
03:12:32:00May 25–28, 1931 Jacksonville, Florida, US Walter Edwin Lees and Frederic Brossy Bellanca J-2 Last record recognized by FAI [4]
03:04:45:00February 8–11, 2004 Kennedy Space Center, Florida, US Steve Fosset Global Flyer [5] [6]
03:03:23:07February 26 to March 1, 1931 La Sénia, Algeria Lucien Bossoutrot and Maurice Rossi Blériot 110 [7]
02:19:13:55May 30 to June 2, 1930 Montecelio, Italy Umberto Maddalena and Fausto Cecconi Savoia-Marchetti S.64 [8]
02:17:25:00July 5–7, 1928 Dessau, Germany Johann Risztics and Wilhelm Zimmermann Junkers W 33 Also surpassed the refueled record [9]
02:04:22:31.8August 3–5, 1927 Dessau, Germany Cornelius Edzard and Johann Risztics Junkers W 33 [10]
02:03:11:25April 12–14, 1927 Long Island, New York, US Clarence Duncan Chamberlin and Bertrand Blanchard Acosta Wright-Bellanca WB-2 "Columbia" [11]
01:21:11:59August 7–9, 1925 Chartres, France Maurice Drouhin and Jules Landry Farman F.60 Goliath [12]
01:13:59:10July 16–17, 1924 Chartres, France Etienne Coupet and Maurice Drouhin Farman F-60 Also surpassed the refueled record [13]
01:12:04:34April 16–17, 1923 Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio, US Oakley George Kelly and John Arthur Macready Fokker T-2 [14]
01:10:14:07October 14–15, 1922 Le Bourget, France Lucien Bossoutrot and Robert Drouhin Farman F.60 Goliath [15]
01:02:19:35December 29–30, 1921 Roosevelt Field, New York, US; [16] FAI record says Jacksonville, Florida Edward A. Stinson and Lloyd Bertaud Junkers-Larsen JL-6 First record recognized by FAI [17]
01:00:19:07June 3–4, 1920Ville Sauvage la Dordogne, France Lucien Bossoutrot and Jean Bernard Farman F.60 Goliath [18]
01:00:12:00July 10–11, 1914 Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, GermanyReinhold Böhm Albatros biplane [19] [20]
00:21:49:00June 28–29, 1914 Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, GermanyWerner Landmann Albatros biplane [21]
00:13:22:00September 11, 1912 Étampes airfield in FranceAlexandre Fourny (Fourney) Maurice Farman MF-2 [22] [23]
00:11:01:29September 1, 1911 Buc, FranceAlexandre Fourny (Fourney) Maurice Farman biplane [24] [25]
00:08:12:45December 18, 1910 Étampes airfield in France Henri Farman Maurice Farman biplane [26]
00:06:01:00October 28, 1910 Buc, France Maurice Tabuteau Maurice Farman MF-2 [27]
00:05:03:05July 10, 1910 Reims, FranceJan Olieslagers Blériot monoplane [27] [28]
00:04:17:35November 3, 1909 Mourmelon-le-Grand, France Henri Farman H. Farman [29]
00:02:18:33.6December 31, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France Wilbur Wright Wright Model A [30]
00:01:54:00.4December 18, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France Wilbur Wright Wright Model A [30]
00:01:31:25.8September 21, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France Wilbur Wright Wright Model A [30]
00:01:14:20September 12, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia, US Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:01:10:24September 11, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia, US Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:01:05:52September 10, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:01:02:15September 9, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia, US Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:00:59:23.8October 5, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:33:17October 4, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:26:11.2October 3, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:19:56September 29, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:18:11September 26, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:05:41September 12, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, YS Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:05:04November 9, 1904 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer II [33]
00:00:01:38October 14, 1904 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer II [33]
00:00:01:35September 20, 1904 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer II [33]
00:00:00:59December 17, 1903 Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer [34]
00:00:00:12December 17, 1903 Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer First flight [34]

Refueled, crewed

The Cessna 172, used by Robert Timm and John Cook, hanging in Harry Reid International Airport. Timm-Cook Cessna 172 LV NV.jpg
The Cessna 172, used by Robert Timm and John Cook, hanging in Harry Reid International Airport.
Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172 refueling Timm Cook Cessna 172 Endurance Flight.jpg
Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172 refueling
The aircraft Curtiss Robin "St. Louis" during the record flight July 13-30, 1929, St. Louis, Missouri. Curtiss Robin St Louis 1929.jpg
The aircraft Curtiss Robin "St. Louis" during the record flight July 13–30, 1929, St. Louis, Missouri.
Duration

(dd:hh:mm:ss)

DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
64:22:19:05December 4, 1958, to February 7, 1959 Las Vegas, Nevada Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172
Hacienda		Refueled from moving truck on ground [35]
50:00:18:20August 2, 1958, to September 21, 1958 Dallas, Texas, USJim Heth and Bill Burkhart Cessna 172
The Old Scotchman		Refueled from moving truck on ground [35] [36]
46:20:00:00August 24 to October 10, 1949 Yuma, Arizona, USBob Woodhouse and Woody Jongeward Aeronca 15AC Sedan
City of Yuma		Attempted to persuade government officials to reopen Yuma Army Air Field [37]
42:00:02:00March 15 to April 26, 1949 Fullerton, California, USDick Riedel and Bill Barris Aeronca 15AC Sedan
Sunkist Lady		 [38]
30:06:00:00October 1–30, 1939 Long Beach, California, USWes Carroll and Clyde Schlieper Piper J-3 Cub floatplane
Spirit of Kay		 [39] [40]
27:05:34:00June 4 to July 1, 1935 Meridian, Mississippi, USBrothers Al and Fred Key Curtiss Robin
Ole Miss		Invented a spill-free mid-air refueling nozzle. Inaccessible recording altimeter verified duration. [41]
23:01:41:30June 11 and July 4, 1930 Chicago, Illinois, USBrothers John and Kenneth Hunter Stinson SM-1 Detroiter
The City of Chicago		 [42]
17:12:17:00July 13–30, 1929 St. Louis, Missouri, USDale Jackson and Forest O'Brine Curtiss Robin
St. Louis		 [43]
10:06:43:32July 2–12, 1929 Culver City, California, USLoren W. Mendell and Roland B. Reinhart Buhl CA-5A Airsedan
Angeleno		 [44] [45]
07:06:00:00June 30 to July 6, 1929 Cleveland, Ohio, USRoy Mitchell and Byron K. Newcomb Stinson SM-1 Detroiter
The City of Cleveland		Not recognized as an official record by FAI because it did not exceed previous record by at least 1%. [46]
07:04:31:01May 19–26, 1929 Ft. Worth, Texas, USReginald Robbins and James Kelly Mahoney-Ryan B-1 Brougham
Fort Worth		 [47]
06:15:40:00January 1–7, 1929 Van Nuys Airport, California, USMaj. Carl Spaatz, Capt. Ira Eaker, 1st Lt. Harry A. Halverson, 2nd Lt. Elwood Quesada, and Sgt. Roy W. Hooe Atlantic-Fokker C2A
Question Mark 		[48]
02:12:07:00June 1–4, 1928 Tirlemont, BelgiumLouis Crooy and Sgt. Victor Groenen de Havilland DH-9 [49]
01:13:15:14August 27–28, 1923 Rockwell Field, California, USCapt. Lowell Smith and 1st Lt. John Paul Richter de Havilland DH-4B First refueled flight to surpass the non-refueled record [50]

Airline, scheduled

Not an FAI category. See Longest Flights

Duration (hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
32:09:00June 29, 1943 – July 18, 1945 [note 1] Swan River, Nedlands, Western Australia to Lake Koggala, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)several Qantas crews Qantas Consolidated PBY Catalina Called "The Double Sunrise" (c.3500 mi.)

271 crossings

 [52] [51] [53]
23:19:00October 1–2, 1957 London to San Francisco 44 persons (12 crew, 32 passengers). Capt. Gordon Granger and co-pilot Herbert Ottewill [54] TWA Lockheed Constellation L-1649A, F/N 307 / N7307C(c.5350 mi.) [55]
19:36:00October 21–22, 1936 San Francisco to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Capt. Edwin Musick, FO Harold Gray, JO M.C. Weber, NAV Fred Noonan + 4 additional flightcrew. [56] Pan Am Martin M-130 Flying Boat (c. 2405 mi.) [57] [58] [59]

Airplane, uncrewed

FAI does not differentiate between non-refueled and solar aircraft. Class U : Experimental

Duration
(dd:hh:mm:ss)		DateLocationAircraftClass
64:18:26:002022-08-19US, Arizona, Yuma Airbus Zephyr 8 (S)non FAI sanctioned, solar power [60]
25:23:57:002018-08-05US, Arizona, Yuma Airbus Zephyr 8non FAI sanctioned, 75 kg, solar power [61]
18:22:30:002021-09-13US, Arizona, Yuma Airbus Zephyr 8U-Absolute, [62] U-1 (Fixed wing), 25–100 kg, electric [63]
14:00:22:002010-07-23US, Arizona, Yuma QinetiQ Zephyr 7U-Absolute, [64] U-1.c (50–500 kg), electric [65]
08:00:50:002021-10-02US, California, Edwards Vanilla Unmanned U-1 (Fixed wing), 100–500 kg, IC and Jet [66]
05:01:24:002017-10-23US, Virginia Wallops Vanilla Aircraft VA001non FAI sanctioned [67]
03:16:18:002023-07-09US, Eastern Oregon Regional Airport Kraus Hamdani Aerospace K1000ULEnon FAI sanctioned, Group-2 UAS, solar power [68]
03:10:02:002014-12-08US, California, Ridgecrest Aurora FS Orion U-1.f (5-10 t), IC and Jet [69]
03:09:24:002014-12-08Switzerland, Rafz ETH Zurich AtlantikSolarnon FAI sanctioned, 6.8 kg, solar power [70]
02:12:00:002019-12-11US, Utah, Dugway US AFRL Ultra LEAPnon FAI sanctioned [71]
02:12:00:001988US Boeing Condor non FAI sanctioned, 9.2 t, piston engines [72]
02:07:56:002016-12-02US, New Mexico, Las Cruces Vanilla Aircraft VA001U-1.c (50–500 kg), IC and Jet [73]
02:06:27:002012-07-07Latvia, Jelgava UAV Factory Penguin Bnon FAI sanctioned, 22.3 kg TOW, two-stroke [74]
02:00:01:002013-04-18unknownUS NRL Ion Tiger UAVnon FAI sanctioned, hydrogen fuel cell [75]
01:15:24:002001-03-21US, California, Edwards Northrop Grumman RQ-4 U-Absolute, [76] U-2.g (10-20 t), IC and Jet [77]
01:06:17:002022-02-19unknown Lockheed Martin Stalker submitted to FAI, 5–25 kg, [78] Propane Fuel Cell
01:02:01:002009-11-17US, MD, Aberdeen US NRL Ion Tiger UAVnon FAI sanctioned, 17 kg, hydrogen fuel cell [79] [80]

Helicopter

Crewed, non-refueled

Duration (hhh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
15:08:00April 6, 1966 Culver City, California, US to Ormond Beach, Florida (2,213.04 mi)Robert G. Ferry Hughes YOH-6A As a nonstop non-refueled trip this flight also holds the record for the longest distance flown in a helicopter without landing. FAI category: "Great circle distance, without landing". [81]

Uncrewed

Duration (hhh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
32:08:00October 2017unknownUncrewed Aerovel Flexrotor [82] [83]
22:29:38Aug 9–10, 2016unknownUncrewed Latitude HQ-60 [84]
18:41:28May 15, 2008 Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, USUncrewed Boeing A160 Hummingbird [85]

Free balloon, crewed

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
19:21:47:00March 1–21, 1999 Château-d'Œx, Switzerland; circumnavigation Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones Breitling Orbiter 3 [86]
14:19:50:00June 19 – July 3, 2002Northam, WA (Australia) circumnavigation Steve Fossett Cameron Balloons R-550 (N277SF)Longest solo flight in any type of aircraft [87]
11:04:20:00July 12–23, 2016Northam, WA Australia; circumnavigation Fedor Konyukhov Cameron Balloons R-550Shortest time around the world [88]
03:10:05:00September 9–12, 1995Wil, Switzerland to Lucincik, Ukraine (1.395,4 km)Johann Fuerstner and Gerald StuerzlingerD-OSTZ Graf Zeppelin3rd place in Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race [89]

Airship

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
11:00:12:00March 4 to March 15, 1957 Naval Air Station South Weymouth, Massachusetts, US to Naval Air Station Key West, Florida, USCmdr. Jack. R. Hunt"Snowbird" ZPG-2 via Europe, Africa [90]
03:23:05:00November 21 to November 25, 1917 Jambol, Bulgaria to Jambol, BulgariaLtCdr. Ludwig BockholtL95 (LZ104) Type W Zeppelin originally destined for the Makonde Plateau, mission aborted at 16° 30′ N, 30° 0′ E, near Khartoum, Sudan after areas fit for landing were captured by British forces [91]
02:23:00:00October 29 to November 1, 1928 Lakehurst, New Jersey, US to Friedrichshafen, Germany Hugo Eckener LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin [92]

Glider

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
02:23:05:00July 28–30, 1961Honolulu, Hawaii, USGeza Vass and Guy Davis Pratt-Read LNE-1 [93]
02:08:15:00April 2–4, 1952Romanin les Alpilles near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France Charles Atger Arsenal Air 100 [94]

Space station, crewed

Duration that a specific person continuously occupies the spacecraft while in orbit.

See Also Timeline of longest spaceflights, List of spaceflight records

Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationAstronautAircraftCommentsReference
437:17:58:17January 8, 1994, to March 22, 1995 Low Earth orbit; Baikonur Cosmodrome to near Arkalyk, Kazakhstan Valeri Polyakov Russian space station Mir [95]

Aerospacecraft, orbital, crewed

Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationAstronautAircraftCommentsReference
17:15:53:17November 19 to December 7, 1996 Low Earth orbit, Kennedy Space Center Kenneth D. Cockrell, Kent V. Rominger, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas D. Jones, and F. Story Musgrave Space Shuttle Columbia, STS-80 [96]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Note The "Double Sunrise" route continued to be operated from July 18, 1945 until April 6, 1946 by Qantas Liberators (loaned from BOAC) and Qantas Avro Lancastrians, but with shorter flown distances (departing what is now PER, stopping for refuelling at the RAF base at Minneriya, and landing at what is now CMB) and shorter flight times (faster cruise speeds). [51]

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References

  1. ↑ Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Archived 2011-04-02 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  2. ↑ Emma Howard, "Solar Impulse lands in Hawaii after longest non-stop solo flight in history ", The Guardian , Friday 3 July 2015 (page visited on 5 July 2015).
  3. ↑ "8th Leg from Nagoya to Hawaii". Solar Impulse.
  4. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9453 Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  5. ↑ FAI Record ID #13083 - Distance Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine FAI. Retrieved: 18 September 2014.
  6. ↑ FAI Record ID #13081 - Distance Archived 17 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine FAI. Retrieved: 18 September 2014.
  7. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9513 Archived 2015-07-20 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  8. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9515 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  9. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9517 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  10. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9454 Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  11. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9451 Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  12. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9294 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  13. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9452 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  14. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9317 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  15. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9464 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  16. ↑ New York Times, December 31, 1921, p. 7
  17. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9455 Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  18. ↑ U.S. Air Services, August 1920, p. 36
  19. ↑ Skytamer, accessed August 21, 2010
  20. ↑ New York Times, July 13, 1914, p. 3
  21. ↑ Canada Aviation and Space Museum Archived 2011-01-10 at the Wayback Machine , p. 54, accessed August 21, 2010
  22. ↑ History of Aeronautics Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  23. ↑ New International Year Book for 1912, p. 4
  24. ↑ Jackmon, W.J., Flying Machines: Construction and Operation, 1912, p. 244, accessed August 21, 2010
  25. ↑ Jeunes Ailes, accessed August 21, 2010
  26. ↑ Aircraft, February 1911, p. 430
  27. 1 2 The Independent, February 16, 1911, p. 347
  28. ↑ Journal of the United States Artillery, July–August 1910, p. 106
  29. ↑ New York Times, January 1, 1910, p. 4
  30. 1 2 3 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1908 Flight Log for Camp d'Auvours, Le Mans, France
  31. 1 2 3 4 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1908 Flight Log for Ft. Myer, Va.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1905 Flight Log for Huffman Prairie, Simms Station, Dayton, Ohio
  33. 1 2 3 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1904 Flight Log for Huffman Prairie, Simms Station, Dayton, Ohio
  34. 1 2 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1903 Flight Log for Kitty Hawk, N.C.
  35. 1 2 AOPA Pilot, March 2008
  36. ↑ "Robinson Library" [usurped] , May 2017
  37. ↑ City of Yuma Archived 2006-09-13 at the Wayback Machine , 50th anniversary website with historical documents and pictures
  38. ↑ City of Fullerton Airport Archived 2015-02-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  39. ↑ Chicago Daily Tribune, October 30, 1939
  40. ↑ , September 15, 2012
  41. ↑ Sports Illustrated, November 6, 1972
  42. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9559 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
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