Flight endurance record

Last updated
The current record for the longest non-stop, non-refueled airplane flight in history (9 days and 3 minutes) was achieved in the Rutan Voyager Voyager aircraft.jpg
The current record for the longest non-stop, non-refueled airplane flight in history (9 days and 3 minutes) was achieved in the Rutan Voyager

The flight endurance record is the longest amount of time an aircraft of a particular category spent in flight without landing. It can be a solo event, or multiple people can take turns piloting the aircraft, as long as all pilots remain in the aircraft. The limit initially was the amount of fuel that could be stored for the flight, but aerial refueling extended that parameter. Due to safety concerns, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) no longer recognizes new records for the duration of crewed airplane or glider flights and has never recognized any duration records for helicopters.

Contents

Airplane

Non-refueled, crewed

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
09:00:03:44December 14–23, 1986 Edwards Air Force Base, US, circumnavigation Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager Rutan Voyager [1]
04:21:51:00June 28 to July 3, 2015 Nagoya, Japan – Kalaeloa Airport, Hawaii, United States (8263 kilometres) André Borschberg Solar Impulse 2 Solar plane, without any fuel; also longest solo airplane flight of any type [2] [3]
03:12:32:00May 25–28, 1931 Jacksonville, Florida, US Walter Edwin Lees and Frederic Brossy Bellanca J-2 Last record recognized by FAI [4]
03:04:45:00February 8–11, 2004 Kennedy Space Center, Florida, US Steve Fosset Global Flyer [5] [6]
03:03:23:07February 26 to March 1, 1931 La Sénia, Algeria Lucien Bossoutrot and Maurice Rossi Blériot 110 [7]
02:19:13:55May 30 to June 2, 1930 Montecelio, Italy Umberto Maddalena and Fausto Cecconi Savoia-Marchetti S.64 [8]
02:17:25:00July 5–7, 1928 Dessau, Germany Johann Risztics and Wilhelm Zimmermann Junkers W 33 Also surpassed the refueled record [9]
02:04:22:31.8August 3–5, 1927 Dessau, Germany Cornelius Edzard and Johann Risztics Junkers W 33 [10]
02:03:11:25April 12–14, 1927 Long Island, New York, US Clarence Duncan Chamberlin and Bertrand Blanchard Acosta Wright-Bellanca WB-2 "Columbia" [11]
01:21:11:59August 7–9, 1925 Chartres, France Maurice Drouhin and Jules Landry Farman F.60 Goliath [12]
01:13:59:10July 16–17, 1924 Chartres, France Etienne Coupet and Maurice Drouhin Farman F-60 Also surpassed the refueled record [13]
01:12:04:34April 16–17, 1923 Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio, US Oakley George Kelly and John Arthur Macready Fokker T-2 [14]
01:10:14:07October 14–15, 1922 Le Bourget, France Lucien Bossoutrot and Robert Drouhin Farman F.60 Goliath [15]
01:02:19:35December 29–30, 1921 Roosevelt Field, New York, US; [16] FAI record says Jacksonville, Florida Edward A. Stinson and Lloyd Bertaud Junkers-Larsen JL-6 First record recognized by FAI [17]
01:00:19:07June 3–4, 1920Ville Sauvage la Dordogne, France Lucien Bossoutrot and Jean Bernard Farman F.60 Goliath [18]
01:00:12:00July 10–11, 1914 Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, GermanyReinhold Böhm Albatros biplane [19] [20]
00:21:49:00June 28–29, 1914 Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, GermanyWerner Landmann Albatros biplane [21]
00:13:22:00September 11, 1912 Étampes airfield in FranceAlexandre Fourny (Fourney) Maurice Farman MF-2 [22] [23]
00:11:01:29September 1, 1911 Buc, FranceAlexandre Fourny (Fourney) Maurice Farman biplane [24] [25]
00:08:12:45December 18, 1910 Étampes airfield in France Henri Farman Maurice Farman biplane [26]
00:06:01:00October 28, 1910 Buc, France Maurice Tabuteau Maurice Farman MF-2 [27]
00:05:03:05July 10, 1910 Reims, FranceJan Olieslagers Blériot monoplane [27] [28]
00:04:17:35November 3, 1909 Mourmelon-le-Grand, France Henri Farman H. Farman [29]
00:02:18:33.6December 31, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France Wilbur Wright Wright Model A [30]
00:01:54:00.4December 18, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France Wilbur Wright Wright Model A [30]
00:01:31:25.8September 21, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France Wilbur Wright Wright Model A [30]
00:01:14:20September 12, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia, US Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:01:10:24September 11, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia, US Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:01:05:52September 10, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:01:02:15September 9, 1908 Fort Myer, Virginia, US Orville Wright Wright Model A [31]
00:00:59:23.8October 5, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:33:17October 4, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:26:11.2October 3, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:19:56September 29, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:18:11September 26, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:05:41September 12, 1905 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, YS Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer III [32]
00:00:05:04November 9, 1904 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer II [33]
00:00:01:38October 14, 1904 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer II [33]
00:00:01:35September 20, 1904 Huffman Prairie, Ohio, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer II [33]
00:00:00:59December 17, 1903 Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, US Wilbur Wright Wright Flyer [34]
00:00:00:12December 17, 1903 Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, US Orville Wright Wright Flyer First flight [34]

Refueled, crewed

The Cessna 172, used by Robert Timm and John Cook, hanging in Harry Reid International Airport. Timm-Cook Cessna 172 LV NV.jpg
The Cessna 172, used by Robert Timm and John Cook, hanging in Harry Reid International Airport.
Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172 refueling Timm Cook Cessna 172 Endurance Flight.jpg
Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172 refueling
The aircraft Curtiss Robin "St. Louis" during the record flight July 13-30, 1929, St. Louis, Missouri. Curtiss Robin St Louis 1929.jpg
The aircraft Curtiss Robin "St. Louis" during the record flight July 13–30, 1929, St. Louis, Missouri.
Duration

(dd:hh:mm:ss)

DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
64:22:19:05December 4, 1958, to February 7, 1959 Las Vegas, Nevada Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172
Hacienda		Refueled from moving truck on ground [35]
50:00:18:20August 2, 1958, to September 21, 1958 Dallas, Texas, USJim Heth and Bill Burkhart Cessna 172
The Old Scotchman		Refueled from moving truck on ground [35] [36]
46:20:00:00August 24 to October 10, 1949 Yuma, Arizona, USBob Woodhouse and Woody Jongeward Aeronca 15AC Sedan
City of Yuma		Attempted to persuade government officials to reopen Yuma Army Air Field [37]
42:00:02:00March 15 to April 26, 1949 Fullerton, California, USDick Riedel and Bill Barris Aeronca 15AC Sedan
Sunkist Lady		 [38]
30:06:00:00October 1–30, 1939 Long Beach, California, USWes Carroll and Clyde Schlieper Piper J-3 Cub floatplane
Spirit of Kay		 [39] [40]
22:07:45:00October 1- 23, 1939Muncie, Indiana, USRobert McDaniels and Kelvin BaxterPiper Franklin 50 Cub Miss Sun TanJim Fidler provided on-air coverage of flight through WLBC broadcasts. Pilots met Eleanor Roosevelt following flight.
27:05:34:00June 4 to July 1, 1935 Meridian, Mississippi, USBrothers Al and Fred Key Curtiss Robin
Ole Miss		Invented a spill-free mid-air refueling nozzle. Inaccessible recording altimeter verified duration. [41]
23:01:41:30June 11 and July 4, 1930 Chicago, Illinois, USBrothers John and Kenneth Hunter Stinson SM-1 Detroiter
The City of Chicago		 [42]
17:12:17:00July 13–30, 1929 St. Louis, Missouri, USDale Jackson and Forest O'Brine Curtiss Robin
St. Louis		 [43]
10:06:43:32July 2–12, 1929 Culver City, California, USLoren W. Mendell and Roland B. Reinhart Buhl CA-5A Airsedan
Angeleno		 [44] [45]
07:06:00:00June 30 to July 6, 1929 Cleveland, Ohio, USRoy Mitchell and Byron K. Newcomb Stinson SM-1 Detroiter
The City of Cleveland		Not recognized as an official record by FAI because it did not exceed previous record by at least 1%. [46]
07:04:31:01May 19–26, 1929 Ft. Worth, Texas, USReginald Robbins and James Kelly Mahoney-Ryan B-1 Brougham
Fort Worth		 [47]
06:15:40:00January 1–7, 1929 Van Nuys Airport, California, USMaj. Carl Spaatz, Capt. Ira Eaker, 1st Lt. Harry A. Halverson, 2nd Lt. Elwood Quesada, and Sgt. Roy W. Hooe Atlantic-Fokker C2A
Question Mark 		[48]
02:12:07:00June 1–4, 1928 Tirlemont, BelgiumLouis Crooy and Sgt. Victor Groenen de Havilland DH-9 [49]
01:13:15:14August 27–28, 1923 Rockwell Field, California, USCapt. Lowell Smith and 1st Lt. John Paul Richter de Havilland DH-4B First refueled flight to surpass the non-refueled record [50]

Airline, scheduled

Not an FAI category. See Longest Flights

Duration (hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
32:09:00June 29, 1943 – July 18, 1945 [note 1] Swan River, Nedlands, Western Australia to Lake Koggala, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)several Qantas crews Qantas Consolidated PBY Catalina Called "The Double Sunrise" (c.3500 mi.)

271 crossings

 [52] [51] [53]
23:19:00October 1–2, 1957 London to San Francisco 44 persons (12 crew, 32 passengers). Capt. Gordon Granger and co-pilot Herbert Ottewill [54] TWA Lockheed Constellation L-1649A, F/N 307 / N7307C(c.5350 mi.) [55]
19:36:00October 21–22, 1936 San Francisco to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Capt. Edwin Musick, FO Harold Gray, JO M.C. Weber, NAV Fred Noonan + 4 additional flightcrew. [56] Pan Am Martin M-130 Flying Boat (c. 2405 mi.) [57] [58] [59]

Airplane, uncrewed

FAI does not differentiate between non-refueled and solar aircraft. Class U : Experimental

Duration
(dd:hh:mm:ss)		DateLocationAircraftClass
64:18:26:002022-08-19US, Arizona, Yuma Airbus Zephyr 8 (S)non FAI sanctioned, solar power [60] (broke up in flight)
25:23:57:002018-08-05US, Arizona, Yuma Airbus Zephyr 8non FAI sanctioned, 75 kg, solar power [61]
18:22:30:002021-09-13US, Arizona, Yuma Airbus Zephyr 8U-Absolute, [62] U-1 (Fixed wing), 25–100 kg, electric [63]
14:00:22:002010-07-23US, Arizona, Yuma QinetiQ Zephyr 7U-Absolute, [64] U-1.c (50–500 kg), electric [65]
08:00:50:002021-10-02US, California, Edwards Vanilla Unmanned U-1 (Fixed wing), 100–500 kg, IC and Jet [66]
05:01:24:002017-10-23US, Virginia, Wallops Vanilla Aircraft VA001non FAI sanctioned [67]
03:09:24:002014-12-08Switzerland, Rafz ETH Zurich AtlantikSolarnon FAI sanctioned, 6.8 kg, solar power [68]
03:08:02:002014-12-08US, California, Ridgecrest Aurora FS Orion U-1.f (5-10 t), IC and Jet [69]
03:03:57:002023-07-09US, Eastern Oregon Regional Airport Kraus Hamdani Aerospace K1000ULEnon FAI sanctioned, Group-2 UAS, solar power [70]
02:22:00:002019-12-11US, Utah, Dugway US AFRL Ultra LEAPnon FAI sanctioned [71] [72]
02:12:00:001988US Boeing Condor non FAI sanctioned, 9.2 t, piston engines [73]
02:07:56:002016-12-02US, New Mexico, Las Cruces Vanilla Aircraft VA001U-1.c (50–500 kg), IC and Jet [74]
02:06:27:002012-07-07Latvia, Jelgava UAV Factory Penguin Bnon FAI sanctioned, 22.3 kg TOW, two-stroke [75]
02:00:01:002013-04-18unknownUS NRL Ion Tiger UAVnon FAI sanctioned, hydrogen fuel cell [76]
01:06:24:002001-03-21US, California, Edwards Northrop Grumman RQ-4 U-Absolute, [77] U-2.g (10-20 t), IC and Jet [78]
01:06:17:002022-02-19unknown Lockheed Martin Stalker submitted to FAI, 5–25 kg, [79] Propane Fuel Cell
01:02:01:002009-11-17US, MD, Aberdeen US NRL Ion Tiger UAVnon FAI sanctioned, 17 kg, hydrogen fuel cell [80] [81]

Helicopter

Crewed, non-refueled

Duration (hhh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
15:08:00April 6, 1966 Culver City, California, US to Ormond Beach, Florida (2,213.04 mi)Robert G. Ferry Hughes YOH-6A As a nonstop non-refueled trip this flight also holds the record for the longest distance flown in a helicopter without landing. FAI category: "Great circle distance, without landing". [82]

Uncrewed

Duration (hhh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
32:08:00October 2017unknownUncrewed Aerovel Flexrotor [83] [84]
22:29:38Aug 9–10, 2016unknownUncrewed Latitude HQ-60 [85]
18:41:28May 15, 2008 Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, USUncrewed Boeing A160 Hummingbird [86]

Free balloon, crewed

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
19:21:47:00March 1–21, 1999 Château-d'Œx, Switzerland; circumnavigation Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones Breitling Orbiter 3 [87]
14:19:50:00June 19 – July 3, 2002Northam, WA (Australia) circumnavigation Steve Fossett Cameron Balloons R-550 (N277SF)Longest solo flight in any type of aircraft [88]
11:04:20:00July 12–23, 2016Northam, WA Australia; circumnavigation Fedor Konyukhov Cameron Balloons R-550Shortest time around the world [89]
03:10:05:00September 9–12, 1995Wil, Switzerland to Lucincik, Ukraine (1.395,4 km)Johann Fuerstner and Gerald StuerzlingerD-OSTZ Graf Zeppelin3rd place in Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race [90]

Airship

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
11:00:12:00March 4 to March 15, 1957 Naval Air Station South Weymouth, Massachusetts, US to Naval Air Station Key West, Florida, USCmdr. Jack. R. Hunt"Snowbird" ZPG-2 via Europe, Africa [91]
03:23:05:00November 21 to November 25, 1917 Jambol, Bulgaria to Jambol, BulgariaLtCdr. Ludwig BockholtL95 (LZ104) Type W Zeppelin originally destined for the Makonde Plateau, mission aborted at 16° 30′ N, 30° 0′ E, near Khartoum, Sudan after areas fit for landing were captured by British forces [92]
02:23:00:00October 29 to November 1, 1928 Lakehurst, New Jersey, US to Friedrichshafen, Germany Hugo Eckener LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin [93]

Glider

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
02:23:05:00July 28–30, 1961Honolulu, Hawaii, USGeza Vass and Guy Davis Pratt-Read LNE-1 [94]
02:08:15:00April 2–4, 1952Romanin les Alpilles near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France Charles Atger Arsenal Air 100 [95]

Space station, crewed

Duration that a specific person continuously occupies the spacecraft while in orbit.

See Also Timeline of longest spaceflights, List of spaceflight records

Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationAstronautAircraftCommentsReference
437:17:58:17January 8, 1994, to March 22, 1995 Low Earth orbit; Baikonur Cosmodrome to near Arkalyk, Kazakhstan Valeri Polyakov Russian space station Mir [96]

Aerospacecraft, orbital, crewed

Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationAstronautAircraftCommentsReference
17:15:53:17November 19 to December 7, 1996 Low Earth orbit, Kennedy Space Center Kenneth D. Cockrell, Kent V. Rominger, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas D. Jones, and F. Story Musgrave Space Shuttle Columbia, STS-80 [97]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Note The "Double Sunrise" route continued to be operated from July 18, 1945 until April 6, 1946 by Qantas Liberators (loaned from BOAC) and Qantas Avro Lancastrians, but with shorter flown distances (departing what is now PER, stopping for refuelling at the RAF base at Minneriya, and landing at what is now CMB) and shorter flight times (faster cruise speeds). [51]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autogyro</span> Rotorcraft with unpowered rotor

An autogyro, or gyroplane, is a class of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered rotor in free autorotation to develop lift. Part 1 of Subchapter A of Chapter I of Title 14 of the U. S. Code of Federal Regulations states that gyroplane "means a rotorcraft whose rotors are not engine-driven, except for initial starting, but are made to rotate by action of the air when the rotorcraft is moving; and whose means of propulsion, consisting usually of conventional propellers, is independent of the rotor system." While similar to a helicopter rotor in appearance, the autogyro's unpowered rotor disc must have air flowing upward across it to make it rotate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dick Rutan</span> Aviation pioneer (1938–2024)

Richard Glenn Rutan was an American military aviator and officer, as well as a record-breaking test pilot who in 1986 piloted the Voyager aircraft on the first non-stop, non-refueled around-the-world flight with co-pilot Jeana Yeager. He was the older brother of famed aerospace designer Burt Rutan, whose many earlier original designs Dick piloted on class record-breaking flights, including Voyager.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</span> World governing body for air sports

The World Air Sports Federation is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight. It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains world records for aeronautical activities, including ballooning, aeromodeling, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), as well as flights into space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kármán line</span> Conventional definition of the edge of space

The Kármán line is a conventional definition of the edge of space. It is not universally accepted. The international record-keeping body FAI defines the Kármán line at an altitude of 100 kilometres above mean sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mil V-12</span> Prototype heavy transport helicopter

The Mil V-12, given the project number Izdeliye 65, is a prototype helicopter designed in the Soviet Union and the largest helicopter ever built. The designation "Mi-12" would have been the designation for the production helicopter and did not apply to V-12 prototypes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flight airspeed record</span> Highest speed obtained from an air vehicle

An air speed record is the highest airspeed attained by an aircraft of a particular class. The rules for all official aviation records are defined by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), which also ratifies any claims. Speed records are divided into a number of classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, seaplanes, and amphibians, and within these classes there are records for aircraft in a number of weight categories. There are still further subdivisions for piston-engined, turbojet, turboprop, and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar Impulse</span> Long-range solar-powered aircraft

Solar Impulse is a Swiss long-range experimental solar-powered aircraft project, and also the name of the project's two operational aircraft. The privately financed project is led by Swiss engineer and businessman André Borschberg and Swiss psychiatrist and balloonist Bertrand Piccard, who co-piloted Breitling Orbiter 3, the first balloon to circle the world non-stop. The Solar Impulse project's goals were to make the first circumnavigation of the Earth by a piloted fixed-wing aircraft using only solar power and to bring attention to clean technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing A160 Hummingbird</span> Unmanned aerial vehicle by Boeing

The Boeing A160 Hummingbird is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) helicopter. Its design incorporates many new technologies never before used in helicopters, allowing for greater endurance and altitude than any helicopter currently in operation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dornier Do 31</span> Experimental aircraft in the German Air Force

The Dornier Do 31 is an experimental, jet-propelled, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) cargo aircraft that was designed and produced by West German aircraft manufacturer Dornier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electric aircraft</span> Aircraft powered directly by electricity, with no other engine needed

An electric aircraft is an aircraft powered by electricity. Electric aircraft are seen as a way to reduce the environmental effects of aviation, providing zero emissions and quieter flights. Electricity may be supplied by a variety of methods, the most common being batteries. Most have electric motors driving propellers or turbines.

This list of flight distance records contains only those set without any mid-air refueling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flight altitude record</span> Highest journeys by aircraft ever made

This listing of flight altitude records are the records set for the highest aeronautical flights conducted in the atmosphere, set since the age of ballooning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAI Gliding Commission</span>

The International Gliding Commission (IGC) is the international governing body for the sport of gliding. It is governed by meetings of delegates from national gliding associations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicopter</span> Type of rotorcraft

A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of short take-off and landing (STOL) or short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft cannot perform without a runway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus Zephyr</span> Series of lightweight solar-powered UAV

The Zephyr is a series of high-altitude platform station aircraft produced by Airbus. They were designed originally by QinetiQ, a commercial offshoot of the UK Ministry of Defence. In July 2010, the Zephyr 7 flew for 14 days. In March 2013, the project was sold to Airbus Defence and Space. In the summer of 2022, the Zephyr 8/S flew for 64 days.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gliding</span> Recreational activity and competitive air sport

Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne. The word soaring is also used for the sport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AeroVironment Helios Prototype</span> Type of aircraft

The Helios Prototype was the fourth and final aircraft developed as part of an evolutionary series of solar- and fuel-cell-system-powered unmanned aerial vehicles. AeroVironment, Inc. developed the vehicles under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. They were built to develop the technologies that would allow long-term, high-altitude aircraft to serve as atmospheric satellites, to perform atmospheric research tasks as well as serve as communications platforms. It was developed from the NASA Pathfinder and NASA Centurion aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Wing Autogyro</span> American autogyro

The Little Wing Autogyro is a series of conventional one and two place autogyros with a tractor engine layout using modern engines and produced by Little Wing Autogyros, Inc. of Mayflower, Arkansas.

Jean Boulet was a French aviator. In 1957, Boulet was awarded the Aeronautical Medal; in 1983, he became one of the founding members of the French National Air and Space Academy. He died at the age of 90.

References

  1. ↑ Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Archived 2011-04-02 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  2. ↑ Emma Howard, "Solar Impulse lands in Hawaii after longest non-stop solo flight in history ", The Guardian , Friday 3 July 2015 (page visited on 5 July 2015).
  3. ↑ "8th Leg from Nagoya to Hawaii". Solar Impulse.
  4. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9453 Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  5. ↑ FAI Record ID #13083 - Distance Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine FAI. Retrieved: 18 September 2014.
  6. ↑ FAI Record ID #13081 - Distance Archived 17 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine FAI. Retrieved: 18 September 2014.
  7. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9513 Archived 2015-07-20 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  8. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9515 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  9. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9517 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  10. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9454 Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  11. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9451 Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  12. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9294 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  13. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9452 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  14. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9317 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  15. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9464 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  16. ↑ New York Times, December 31, 1921, p. 7
  17. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9455 Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  18. ↑ U.S. Air Services, August 1920, p. 36
  19. ↑ Skytamer, accessed August 21, 2010
  20. ↑ New York Times, July 13, 1914, p. 3
  21. ↑ Canada Aviation and Space Museum Archived 2011-01-10 at the Wayback Machine , p. 54, accessed August 21, 2010
  22. ↑ History of Aeronautics Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  23. ↑ New International Year Book for 1912, p. 4
  24. ↑ Jackmon, W.J., Flying Machines: Construction and Operation, 1912, p. 244, accessed August 21, 2010
  25. ↑ Jeunes Ailes, accessed August 21, 2010
  26. ↑ Aircraft, February 1911, p. 430
  27. 1 2 The Independent, February 16, 1911, p. 347
  28. ↑ Journal of the United States Artillery, July–August 1910, p. 106
  29. ↑ New York Times, January 1, 1910, p. 4
  30. 1 2 3 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1908 Flight Log for Camp d'Auvours, Le Mans, France
  31. 1 2 3 4 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1908 Flight Log for Ft. Myer, Va.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1905 Flight Log for Huffman Prairie, Simms Station, Dayton, Ohio
  33. 1 2 3 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1904 Flight Log for Huffman Prairie, Simms Station, Dayton, Ohio
  34. 1 2 Centennial of Flight Commission, 1903 Flight Log for Kitty Hawk, N.C.
  35. 1 2 AOPA Pilot, March 2008
  36. ↑ "Robinson Library" [usurped] , May 2017
  37. ↑ City of Yuma Archived 2006-09-13 at the Wayback Machine , 50th anniversary website with historical documents and pictures
  38. ↑ City of Fullerton Airport Archived 2015-02-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  39. ↑ Chicago Daily Tribune, October 30, 1939
  40. ↑ , September 15, 2012
  41. ↑ Sports Illustrated, November 6, 1972
  42. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9559 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  43. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9570 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  44. ↑ Time, July 22, 1929
  45. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9571 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  46. ↑ Dailey, Franklin. The Triumph of Instrument Flight
  47. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9572 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  48. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9573, accessed August 21, 2010
  49. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 9574, accessed August 21, 2010
  50. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 14808 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  51. 1 2 "GEOFF GOODALL'S AVIATION HISTORY SITE". www.goodall.com.au. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  52. ↑ "Flying boats in the Second World War, 1939–45". History – colonial, conflict and modern. Australian government. 30 October 2016. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  53. ↑ Qantas Airways accessed July 4, 2012
  54. ↑ "Nonstop S.F. London Polar Hop". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, CA. 1957-10-02. p. 1 and 3.
  55. ↑ "Longer Range, New Routes". 16 September 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-26.[ permanent dead link ] Longer Range, New Routes. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  56. ↑ "R.F. Bradley's Traveler Tale | National Air and Space Museum". 2021-06-09. Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  57. ↑ "Pan Am Across the Pacific". Pan Am Clipper Flying Boats. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  58. ↑ "R.F. Bradley's Traveler Tale | National Air and Space Museum". 2021-06-09. Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  59. ↑ "Glamorous Crossing: How Pan Am Airways Dominated International Travel in the 1930s". 2021-05-13. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  60. ↑ "Airbus Zephyr Crashes in Arizona". Overt Defense. 2022-08-20.
  61. ↑ "Airbus Zephyr Solar High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite flies for longer than any other aircraft during its successful maiden flight" (Press release). Airbus. 2018-08-08.
  62. ↑ "Airbus Zephyr Programme (USA) (19563)". FAI. 2021-09-30.
  63. ↑ "Airbus Zephyr Programme (USA) (19561)". www.fai.org. World Air Sports Federation. 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  64. ↑ "QinetiQ HALE team (GBR) (16052)". FAI. 23 Jul 2010.
  65. ↑ "QinetiQ HALE team (GBR) (16053)". FAI. 23 Jul 2010.
  66. ↑ "Platform Aerospace Team (USA) (19576)". FAI. 2 Oct 2021.
  67. ↑ Black, Patrick (2017-10-26). "Vanilla Aircraft Conducts Record UAS Flight at Wallops". NASA.
  68. ↑ "Solar-powered drone breaks record with 81-hour continuous flight". Wired UK. 2015-07-31.
  69. ↑ "Peter LeHew (USA) (17386)". FAI. 8 Dec 2014.
  70. ↑ Drăgan, Otilia (2023-08-08). "Californian Solar UAV Sets New Endurance Record in Oregon". autoevolution.
  71. ↑ 88th Air Base Wing Public Affairs (Dec 12, 2019). "AFRL successfully completes two and a half-day flight of Ultra Long Endurance Unmanned Air Platform (LEAP)".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  72. ↑ DZYNE Technologies (Aug 16, 2024). "DZYNE Completes 70+ Hour Flight of its ULTRA Uncrewed Aircraft System".
  73. ↑ "The Man Who Invented the Predator". Smithsonian Magazine. April 2013.
  74. ↑ "Jeremy Novara (USA) (18087)". FAI. 2 Dec 2016.
  75. ↑ Rees, Caroline (8 Jul 2012). "UAV Factory Achieves Record 54-Hour Flight with Penguin B UAV". unmanned systems technology.
  76. ↑ "Electrically Powered Ion Tiger Drone Set 48 hour Flight Record". defense-update. 12 May 2013.
  77. ↑ "Northrop Grumman Ryan Aeronautical Center (USA) (7353)". FAI. 2001-03-21.
  78. ↑ "Northrop Grumman Ryan Aeronautical Center (USA) (6956)". FAI. 2001-03-21.
  79. ↑ "Lockheed Martin Stalker VXE UAS Completes A World Record 39-Hour Flight" (Press release). Lockheed Martin. April 11, 2022.
  80. ↑ "Hydrogen-powered fuel cell unmanned air vehicle sets 26-hour flight endurance record". ScienceDaily. December 1, 2009.
  81. ↑ "ION Tiger". sUAS News. 2009-12-01.
  82. ↑ "Robert G. Ferry dies at 85; helicopter test pilot flew record nonstop solo flight ", Los Angeles Times, February 9, 2009
  83. ↑ "Aerovel's unmanned Flexrotor sets VTOL endurance record". 16 October 2017. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
  84. ↑ "Aerovel Flexrotor Sets VTOL Endurance Mark". 15 October 2017. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
  85. ↑ Atherton, Kelsey. "Drone Sets Record For Longest Flight Time By VTOL Aircraft". Popular Science. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
  86. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 15059 Archived 2014-04-27 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  87. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 5961 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  88. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 7408 Archived 2015-07-16 at the Wayback Machine , accessed July 15, 2015
  89. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Record 17899 Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine , accessed November 17, 2016
  90. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2012-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  91. ↑ Grossnick, Ross. "Kite Balloons to Airships: The Navy's Lighter than Air Experience," 2004
  92. ↑ Reinhard Klein-Arendt: "Kamina ruft Nauen!" Die Funkstellen in den deutschen Kolonien 1904-1918. Köln: Wilhelm Herbst Verlag, 1995, 321. ISBN   3-923-925-58-1
  93. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 2427 Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  94. ↑ "HAWAII: NEW WORLD RECORD FOR TWO-PLACE GLIDER SET". www.itnsource.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
  95. ↑ Soaring, May–June 1955, p. 24
  96. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 2512 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
  97. ↑ Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Record 3915 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , accessed August 21, 2010
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.